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opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

A pore-forming protein drives macropinocytosis to facilitate toad water maintaining

Maintaining water balance is a real challenge for amphibians in terrestrial environments. Our previous studies with toad Bombina maxima discovered a pore-forming protein and trefoil factor complex βγ-CAT, which is assembled under tight regulation depending on environmental cues. Here we report an unexpected role for βγ-CAT in toad water maintaining. Deletion of toad skin secretions, in which βγ-CAT is a major component, increased animal mortality under hypertonic stress. βγ-CAT was constitutively expressed in toad osmoregulatory organs, which was inducible under the variation of osmotic conditions. The protein induced and participated in macropinocytosis in vivo and in vitro. During extracellular hyperosmosis, βγ-CAT stimulated macropinocytosis to facilitate water import and enhanced exosomes release, which simultaneously regulated aquaporins distribution. Collectively, these findings uncovered that besides membrane-integrated aquaporin, a secretory pore-forming protein can facilitate toad water maintaining via macropinocytosis induction and exocytosis modulation, especially in responses to osmotic stress.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Do genetic differences in growth thermal reaction norms maintain genetic variation in timing of diapause induction?

<ol> <li>An optimal timing for diapause induction through the sexual production of dormant propagules is expected in organisms with temporary populations. Yet, empirical studies often find high within-population genetic variation in the sexual production of such propagules, suggesting that this is a common feature of such organisms.</li> <li>Here, we hypothesize that genetic variation in the propensity to produce dormant propagules, Pd, is maintained by a genotype-by-environment interaction in clonal reproductive rates, where fast-growing genotypes within an environment should delay diapause relative to slow-growing genotypes. From this, we derive two predictions. First, if reaction norms of clonal reproduction cross between two environments, the genetic correlation of Pd between these environments should be negative. Second, the correlation between plasticity values of clonal reproduction and Pd should be negative.</li> <li>We tested these predictions by quantifying ephippia production in genotypes of a population of the facultative sexual cladoceran Daphnia magna at two temperatures. The population biomass at the onset of ephippia production was used as a measure of Pd, whereas juvenile somatic growth rate was used as a proxy for clonal reproductive rate. Plasticity for both measurements was derived from thermal reaction norms.</li> <li>Our results did not support either prediction, as neither the genetic correlation of Pd between environments, nor the correlation between plasticity values of growth and Pd were found to be significant.</li> <li>Our results suggest that genetic variation in the timing of diapause is not maintained by genetic differences in thermal clonal reproduction reaction norms. We propose as an alternative hypothesis that if there is across year variation in how stochastically the environment deteriorates, fluctuating selection may favor genotypes with different Pd between years.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Visual pursuit behavior in mice maintains the pursued prey on the retinal region with least optic flow

Mice have a large visual field that is constantly stabilized by vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) driven eye rotations that counter head-rotations. While maintaining their extensive visual coverage is advantageous for predator detection, mice also track and capture prey using vision. However, in the freely moving animal quantifying object location in the field of view is challenging. Here, we developed a method to digitally reconstruct and quantify the visual scene of freely moving mice performing a visually based prey capture task. By isolating the visual sense and combining a mouse eye optic model with the head and eye rotations, the detailed reconstruction of the digital environment and retinal features were projected onto the corneal surface for comparison, and updated throughout the behavior. By quantifying the spatial location of objects in the visual scene and their motion throughout the behavior, we show that the prey image consistently falls within a small area of the VOR-stabilized visual field. This functional focus coincides with the region of minimal optic flow in the visual field and consequently minimal motion-induced image blur during pursuit. The functional focus lies in the upper-temporal part of the retina and coincides with the reported high density-region of Alpha-ON sustained retinal ganglion cells.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Binding From both sides: TolR and full-length OmpA bind and maintain the local structure of the E. coli cell wall.

We present a molecular modelling and simulation study of the E. coli cell envelope, with a particular focus on the role of TolR, a native protein of the E. coli inner membrane in interactions with the cell wall.  TolR has been proposed to bind to peptidoglycan, but the only structure of this protein thus far is in a conformation in which the putative peptidoglycan binding domain is not accessible. We show that a model of the extended conformation of the protein in which this domain is exposed, binds peptidoglycan largely through electrostatic interactions. Non-covalent interactions of TolR and OmpA with the cell wall, from the inner membrane and outer membrane sides respectively, maintain the position of the cell wall even in the absence of Braun’s lipoprotein. The charged residues that mediate the cell-wall interactions of TolR in our simulations, are conserved across a number of species of Gram-negative bacteria.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Hornung E, Kásler A, Tóth Z (2018) The role of urban forest patches in maintaining isopod diversity (Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 371-388. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22829

Geographical location and habitat characterization (urbanization intensity, soil and vegetation characteristics) of study sites in Buda, Hungary :

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data for: Mechanisms of fire-maintained plant species diversity in species-rich wet pine savannas

Temperate savannas and grasslands maintained by frequent, low-intensity disturbances such as fire contain among the most species-rich plant communities in the world. Precisely how these disturbances maintain such high fine-scale diversity is poorly understood. This study examined the effects of the frequency of simulated fire (clipping combined with litter removal) and the relative importance of recruitment and survival on species diversity and trait and species composition at each of two pine savannas in southeastern Mississippi (USA) that had not been recently burned. Ten 2 × 2 m plots at each site were clipped/cleared annually from 2014 to 2019 and again in spring 2021 (annual frequency). The other 10 clipping plots were not clipped from 2018 to 2020 (reduced frequency). Vegetation in small subplots in annual frequency and reduced frequency plots was compared in August 2021 to test the effects of a short period without clipping on diversity and composition. To test the relative importance of recruitment and survival on diversity and composition, four 0.25 × 0.25 m quarter plots were established within each of 10 annual-frequency plots per site following a clipping treatment in fall 2019 and assigned a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of transplantation of sods from long-unburned areas and herbicide application. Reducing the frequency of clipping reduced plant diversity and altered composition at both sites. A comparison of diversity and trait composition responses to transplant and herbicide treatments revealed how recruitment and survival combined to affect species diversity. Partial or complete recovery of diversity following clipping and litter removal at both sites was driven by rapid increases in short-lived, resilient species that show fire-stimulated emergence from a seed bank and the persistence of long-lived species capable of surviving the prolonged period without fire or clipping. Species with reduced resilience and persistence were more likely to be lost in the reduced frequency treatment. Results are consistent with a model of short-term coexistence of maximum species diversity maintained by the most frequent fire regimes fuels will permit.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Complementary water and nutrient utilization of perianth structural units help maintain long floral lifespan in Dendrobium

Most orchids have high ornamental value with long-lived flower. However, the mechanisms by which orchids maintain floral longevity are poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that long floral longevity in Dendrobium is maintained by high resource investment and complementary water and nutrient utilization in different structural units of the perianth. To test this hypothesis, we determined which water- and nutrient-related traits are correlated with flower longevity in twenty-three Dendrobium species or cultivars and examined the variations of the related traits during flower development of one long-lived cultivar. We found that floral longevity was correlated with dry mas per unit area of perianths and total flower biomass, which indicates that maintaining long floral longevity requires increased resource investment. During development of long-lived flowers, labella showed high capacity for water storage and nutrient reutilization, which can partly remedy high water demand and biomass investment. Sepals and petals, in contrast, had stronger desiccation avoidance and higher metabolic activity with lower biomass investment. These findings indicate that Dendrobium flowers maintain longevity by complementary water and utilization strategies in the sepals, petals and labella, with labella consuming more water and nutrients to extend flower display, while sepals and petals use a more conservative strategy.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

A novel mechanism that maintains outer membrane lipid asymmetry in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Newick file the PA2800 phylogenetic tree in "A novel mechanism that maintains outer membrane lipid asymmetry in Pseudomonas aeruginosa"

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Dataset for publication: Investigating the use of Polarization maintaining FBG sensors for GW based SHM

The upload contains code and data files for generating plots for Polarization maintaining FBG sensor from all slopes ( upward and downward of 2 peaks). The measurement campaign will be explained in detail in a journal article which is in preparation. The link to the article will be updated. Frequencies from 40-200 kHz were excited. Type of data: matlab files, data and code language: english Dataset was used for the publication: Investigating the use of Polarization maintaining FBG sensors for GW based SHM The measurements were conducted under the project “Guided waves based reference-free SHM using fiber Bragg grating sensors (REF-FREE)” (2020/39/D/ST8/00188) granted by National Science Center, Poland.

opennotspecifiedSep 2020View details →

FIG. 2 in Giant Gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) Exploit Abundant Nonnative Prey While Maintaining Their Appetite for Native Anurans

FIG. 2.—Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) standardized prey selection ratios for 382-mm SVL (snout–vent length) snakes (triangles), 536-mm SVL snakes (circles), and 690-mm SVL snakes (squares). Symbols represent posterior modes; error bars represent 95% highest posterior density intervals.

opennotspecifiedSep 2020View details →

FIG. 3 in Giant Gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) Exploit Abundant Nonnative Prey While Maintaining Their Appetite for Native Anurans

FIG. 3.—Standardized prey selection ratios for Giant Gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) on 12 May (triangles), 19 June (circles), and 29 July (squares). Symbols represent posterior modes; error bars represent 95% highest posterior density intervals.

opennotspecifiedSep 2020View details →

FIG. 1 in Giant Gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) Exploit Abundant Nonnative Prey While Maintaining Their Appetite for Native Anurans

FIG. 1.—Locations of Giant Gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) containing prey in the Sacramento Valley, California (inset), USA, 2013–2014.

opennotspecifiedMar 2023View details →

FIGURE 1 in Urban green areas as earthworm species maintainers in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Location of the city of Curitiba, in the state of Paraná, Brazil, the two sampled sites (A), the land use systems, grass lawn (GL) and native vegetation (NV) within each site, Universidade Positivo—UP (B) and Casa Verde—CV (C).

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Conserved islands of divergence associated with adaptive variation in sockeye salmon are maintained by multiple mechanisms

Local adaptation is facilitated by loci clustered in relatively few regions of the genome, termed genomic islands of divergence. The mechanisms that create and maintain these islands and how they contribute to adaptive divergence is an active research topic. Here, we use sockeye salmon as a model to investigate both the mechanisms responsible for creating islands of divergence and the patterns of differentiation at these islands. Previous research suggested that multiple islands contributed to adaptive radiation of sockeye salmon. However, the low-density genomic methods used by these studies made it difficult to fully elucidate the mechanisms responsible for islands and connect genotypes to adaptive variation. We used whole genome resequencing to genotype millions of loci to investigate patterns of genetic variation at islands and the mechanisms that potentially created them. We discovered 64 islands, including 16 clustered in four genomic regions shared between two isolated populations. Characterization of these four regions suggested that three were likely created by structural variation, while one was created by processes not involving structural variation. All four regions were small (< 600 kb), suggesting low recombination regions do not have to span megabases to be important for adaptive divergence. Differentiation at islands was not consistently associated with established population attributes. In sum, the landscape of adaptive divergence and the mechanisms that create it are complex; this complexity likely helps to facilitate fine-scale local adaptation unique to each population.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Exploring the Impact of Inheritance on Test Code Maintainability

Dataset on Inheritance and Interface in the Test Code:   Folder Structure: <ul> <li>result_inheritance     - studied_project:          [1] refactoring_history: Dataset for mined inheritance changes.         [2] refactoring_tree: Dataset for Evolution Graph in the paper Section 3.2.1</li> <li>RQ2_A_manual         [1] Manual study result in RQ2-A.  </li> </ul>

Maintaining Resistance Training in Older Prediabetic Adults

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01112709. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.

Maintaining the Head Extension by an Assistant Decreases Dental Contact

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01427348. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Nutritional Intervention Preconception and During Pregnancy to Maintain Healthy Glucose Metabolism and Offspring Health

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02509988. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 10.

Individualizing Dose of Growth Hormone to Maintain Normal Growth Velocity After Fulfilled Catch up Growth in Children

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02879747. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 3.

Maintaining and imPrOving the intrinSIc capaciTy Involving Primary Care and caregiVErs

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04592146. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.