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Data from: Contest dynamics and assessment strategies in combatant monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini)
Some of the most striking examples of intrasexual contest competition are to be found in the insects, whose weaponry and contest behaviours have become highly intricate and diverse. Game theory has been used as a basis to develop models of the competitive assessment strategies that may be used by males to either judge their probability of winning by comparing their own fighting ability to that of their opponents, or to persist in contests for a period determined only by their own fighting ability. Conclusions from empirical studies about the means of assessment in their study systems have not, however, always been clear. In view of this, some authors have suggested that utilizing a broad suite of data concerning multiple facets of the study system may assist in gaining clearer insights into animal contests and assessment strategies. The present study integrates data on contest behaviour, weapon morphology, residency effects, cost accumulation, and correlates of contest success, to test game theory-informed models of competitive assessment strategies in the sexually dimorphic monkey beetle Heterochelus chiragricus. We found that males of all sizes engaged aggressively in intrasexual contests for mating access to sedentary females, utilizing their hypertrophied hind legs as weapons. Contest outcome was determined by hind femur size and strongly influenced by residency effects. We found mixed support for both pure self-assessment and mutual assessment contest strategies. Such inconclusive findings are not uncommon in animal contest assessment studies, even when contest cost and RHP data are contextualized with behavioural and ecological data.
Data from: Developmental shifts in social cognition: socio-emotional biases across the lifespan in rhesus monkeys
Humans exhibit a suite of developmental changes in social cognition across the lifespan. To what extent are these developmental patterns unique? We first review several social domains in which humans undergo critical ontogenetic changes in socio-cognitive processing, including social attention and theory of mind. We then examine whether one human developmental transition—a shift in socioemotional preferences—also occurs in nonhuman primates. Specifically, we experimentally measured socioemotional processing in a large population of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) ranging from infancy to old age. We tested whether macaques, like humans, also exhibited developmental shifts from a negativity bias at younger ages, indicating preferential attention to negative socioemotional stimuli, to a positivity bias at older ages. We first assessed monkeys' (n = 337) responses to negative socioemotional stimuli by comparing their duration of looking towards photos of negative conspecific signals (threat displays) versus matched neutral expressions. In contrast to the pattern observed in humans, we found that older monkeys were more attentive to negative emotional stimuli than were younger monkeys. In a second study, we used the same method to examine monkeys' (n = 132) attention to positive (affiliative displays) versus matched neutral expressions. Monkeys did not exhibit an overall preference for positive stimuli, nor major age-related changes in their attention. These results indicate that while monkeys show robust ontogenetic shifts in social preferences, they differ from humans by exhibiting an increasing negativity bias with age. Studies of comparative cognitive development can therefore provide insight into the evolutionary origins of human socio-cognitive development.
Data from: Nutrient-specific compensation for seasonal cold stress in a free-ranging temperate colobine monkey
1. Homeostatic responses of animals to environmentally-induced changes in nutrient requirements provide a powerful basis for predictive ecological models, and yet such responses are virtually unstudied in the wild. 2. We tested for macronutrient-specific compensatory feeding responses by free-ranging golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) inhabiting high altitude temperate forests where they experience a substantial difference in ambient temperature in cold winters vs. warmer springs. The monkeys had free access to natural foods throughout the year, and to ensure that any seasonal differences in nutrient intake were due to homeostatic compensation and not constraints on food availability, we studied the monkeys during periods in which they were provisioned with the same amount of supplementary foods in winter and spring. 3. Thermoregulatory energy costs in winter and spring were calculated using partitional calorimetric estimations of convective and radiative heat loss obtained from thermal imaging of free-ranging monkeys in situ. Daily nutrient intakes were measured using continuous focal follows (average 6.9 h/day) of free-ranging individuals (27 in spring and 28 in winter). 4. We used a nutritional geometry framework to integrate these data and test three predictions: i. In order to remain thermoneutral (balance heat loss with heat expenditure), golden snub-nosed monkeys decrease daily energy consumption during the spring compared to winter, ii. Decreased energy intake is accomplished specifically by reducing intake of the primary energetic nutrients, carbohydrate and lipid, relative to protein, and iii. The seasonal reduction in ingested fat and carbohydrate calories will quantitatively match the reduction in thermoregulatory costs in spring compared with winter. 5. Our results showed that energy intake in spring was reduced to almost half (55%) of that in winter. As predicted, this was achieved by specifically reducing fat and carbohydrate consumption with protein intake unchanged, by a quantity (326 kJ/mbm) that almost exactly matched the seasonal difference in the daily energetic costs of thermoregulation (329 kJ/mbm). 6. This is the first study to test for a match between nutrient-specific homeostatic compensation and environmentally-induced perturbations in nutrient requirements in free-ranging animals, and underpins the potential for the homeostasis framework to provide predictive power to ecological models.
Data from: A metacognitive illusion in monkeys
Like humans, monkeys can make accurate judgements about their own memory by reporting their confidence during cognitive tasks. Some have suggested that animals use associative learning to make accurate confidence judgements, while others have suggested animals directly access and estimate the strength of their memories. Here we test a third, non-exclusive possibility: perhaps monkeys, like humans, base metacognitive inferences on heuristic cues. Humans are known to use cues like perceptual fluency (e.g. how easy something is to see) when making metacognitive judgements. We tested monkeys using a match-to-sample task in which the perceptual fluency of the stimuli was manipulated. The monkeys made confidence wagers on their accuracy before or after each trial. We found that monkeys' wagers were affected by perceptual fluency even when their accuracy was not. This is novel evidence that animals are susceptible to metacognitive illusions similar to those experienced by humans.
FIGURE 6 in The monkey grasshoppers, genus Zeromastax Porras (Eumastacinae, Eumastacidae, Orthoptera): two new species from the Neotropics
FIGURE 6. Distribution map of Zeromastax aris n. sp. and Zeromastax malavasei n. sp.
FIGURE 45 in Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist
FIGURE 45. Cibotopteryx variegata (male and female).
FIGURES 33–34 in Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist
FIGURES 33–34. Episactus brunneri (male) and Gymnotettix occidentalis (female) respectively.
FIGURES 35 in Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist
FIGURES 35. Lethus oresterus (male).
FIGURE 36 in Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist
FIGURE 36. Lempira metapanensis (male).
FIGURE 15. Paralethus cerezoi n in Studies in Guatemalan Caelifera: New grasshoppers and monkey grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acridoidea & Eumastacoidea) and an updated checklist
FIGURE 15. Paralethus cerezoi n. sp. Female in lateral view.
FIGURE 8 in Mites of the genus Paracoroptes Lavoipierre, 1955 (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) — skin parasites of the African monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae (Primates)
FIGURE 8. Paracoroptes piliocolobus sp. n., female in dorsal view.
FIGURE 2 in Mites of the genus Paracoroptes Lavoipierre, 1955 (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) — skin parasites of the African monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae (Primates)
FIGURE 2. Paracoroptes miopithecus sp. n., male in ventral view.
FIGURE 7 in Mites of the genus Paracoroptes Lavoipierre, 1955 (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) — skin parasites of the African monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae (Primates)
FIGURE 7. Paracoroptes piliocolobus sp. n., male in ventral view.
FIGURE 1 in Mites of the genus Paracoroptes Lavoipierre, 1955 (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) — skin parasites of the African monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae (Primates)
FIGURE 1. Paracoroptes miopithecus sp. n., male in dorsal view.
FIGURE 4 in Mites of the genus Paracoroptes Lavoipierre, 1955 (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) — skin parasites of the African monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae (Primates)
FIGURE 4. Paracoroptes miopithecus sp. n., female in ventral view.
FIGURE 9 in Mites of the genus Paracoroptes Lavoipierre, 1955 (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) — skin parasites of the African monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae (Primates)
FIGURE 9. Paracoroptes piliocolobus sp. n., female in ventral view.
FIGURE 6 in Mites of the genus Paracoroptes Lavoipierre, 1955 (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) — skin parasites of the African monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae (Primates)
FIGURE 6. Paracoroptes piliocolobus sp. n., male in dorsal view.
FIGURE 3 in Mites of the genus Paracoroptes Lavoipierre, 1955 (Acariformes: Psoroptidae) — skin parasites of the African monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae (Primates)
FIGURE 3. Paracoroptes miopithecus sp. n., female in dorsal view.
Histological data in PD monkeys
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Ghost in the machine or monkey with a typewriter - generation of Christmas BMJ titles using artificial intelligence: an observational study
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.