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Figure 2 in A new genus of xenophyophores (Foraminifera) from Japan Trench: morphological description, molecular phylogeny and elemental analysis

Figure 2. Shinkaiya lindsayi gen. et sp. nov. A, holotype specimen in its push core, just after collection (the authors assumed that this was a whole specimen, almost unbroken by the corer tube). B, holotype specimen out of its core. C, D, microscopic views of fragments, revealing the internal organization (G, granellare; S, stercomare). C, transversal view showing the dark stercomare strings. D, the fragment is open along a longitudinal axis, displaying the obvious whitish granellare and the stercomare. E, F, fragments of granellare stained with diaminidophenylindol (DAPI), revealing thousands of nuclei in the cytoplasm. Scale bars: 15 mm (A), 15 mm (B), 250 Mm (C), 500 Mm (D), 250 Mm (E), and 30 Mm (F).

Figure 10 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 10. Species ranges, phyletic relationship, and zoogeographical positions of the Paradicrocerus–Stephanocemas clade. Most of the species ranges are approximate. Phyletic relationship is based on one of the shortest trees in our cladistic analysis, and some indeterminate taxa not included in the cladogram are inserted here based on our estimates of their relationships. The antlers are scaled to their approximate relative size, and dashed lines are mostly our own reconstructions of missing tines.

Figure 9 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 9. Strict consensus of four shortest trees (tree length = 12) of the Paradicrocerus–Stephanocemas clade found by the branch and bound option of the PAUP program on a ten taxa ¥ nine characters data matrix (Table 1).

Figure 8. IVPP V15726 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 8. IVPP V15726, Stephanocemas sp. from IVPP locality CD0406. A, dorsal, and B, ventral views of antler fragment. Scale is for both views.

Figure 6. IVPP V15724 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 6. IVPP V15724, referred specimen of Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. A, dorsal, B, ventral, and C, medial views of posterior palm portion of a juvenile antler.

Figure 7. IVPP V15725 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 7. IVPP V15725, Stephanocemas sp. from IVPP locality CD9818. A, stereophoto of dorsal view, B, lateral view, and C, ventral view of partial antler.

Figure 5. IVPP V15723 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 5. IVPP V15723, referred specimen of Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. A, dorsal, and B, ventral views of palm portion of antler.

Figure 4. IVPP V15722 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 4. IVPP V15722, left antler without pedicel, holotype of Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. from Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau. A, medial, and B, ventral views. Left is posterior and right is anterior.

Figure 3 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 3. Stereophoto of dorsal view of IVPP V15722, left antler without pedicel, holotype of Stephanocemas palmatus sp. nov. from Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau. Top is posterior and bottom is anterior.

Figure 2 in A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny

Figure 2. Satellite image of the Barun Yawula anticline, with key fossil localities and their relative stratigraphical positions indicated. The east–west trending fold is asymmetrical with the south limb dipping more steeply than the north limb. A prominent resistant bed (a dark–light band combination, indicated by black dashed lines) within the rusty green sandstones layers helps to trace stratigraphical relationships between localities in eastern and western ends of the anticline, although multiple faults (with offsets ranging from 50 to 500 m), particularly those in the eastern end, complicate correlations. White lines are the measured section.

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Figure 2A–J in Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae)

Figure 2A–J. Single most parsimonious cladogram (Fit = 187.51606) obtained from analysis of the data (Appendix 1) under implied weights (K = 9). Numbers on the branches correspond to the characters listed in the data set (Appendix 1). Darkened circles indicate 'unique' character states that can be placed onto the cladogram in only a single position, although they may be interpreted as undergoing subsequent transformation or secondary reversal. Open circles represent homoplastic character states that are placed on more than one branch of the cladogram. Numbers in circles refer to the numbered taxa listed in the legend to Figure 1.

Figures 7–12 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 7–12. Fifth sternites of male: 7, Phortica hani Zhang & Shi; 8, Phortica floccipes Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 9, Phortica hirtotibia Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 10, Phortica panda Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 11, Phortica longicauda Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 12, Phortica longiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov. The scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 24, 25 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 24, 25. Phortica longiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 24, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 25, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figure 27 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figure 27. Single maximum parsimony tree based on the concatenated DNA sequences (tree length = 831, consistency index = 0.7714, retention index = 0.7497).

Figures 22, 23 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 22, 23. Phortica longicauda Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 22, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 23, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 16, 17 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 16, 17. Phortica hirtotibia Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 16, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 17, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 1–6 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 1–6. Hindlegs of male. For details of the parts denoted by letters a–e see the descriptions of individual species.

Figures 13–15 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 13–15. Phortica floccipes Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 13, arista; 14, epandrium (epand), surstylus (sur), cercus (cerc), and tenth sternite (st 10) (lateral view); 15, hypandrium (hypd), gonopods (gon), paramere (pm), aedeagus (aed), and aedeagal apodeme (aed a) (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 18, 19 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 18, 19. Phortica pinguiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 18, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 19, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 20, 21 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 20, 21. Phortica panda Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 20, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 21, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.