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729 results for “slugs”
Figure 5 in The introduced terrestrial slugs Ambigolimax nyctelius (Bourguignatı 1861) and Ambigolimax valentianus (Férussacı 1821) (Gastropoda: Limacidae) in Californiaı with a discussion of taxonomyı systematicsı and discovery by citizen science
Figure 5. Male genitalia of A. nyctelius (a), iNat 4936338, LACM 180542, and A. valentianus (b), iNat 4936340, LACM 180537 from Los Angeles County, California. bc, bursa copulatrix; ga, genital atrium; p, phallas; pa, phallas appendix; pr, phallas retractor muscle; so, spermoviduct; vd, vas deferens. Photos by Cedric Lee.
FIGURE 5 in Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
FIGURE 5. Mesoscutellar appendages and adjacent areas, dorsolateral view (A–M) and first to third abdominal terga, dorsolateral view (N–P). A, N, Caliroa cerasi, female: A, Shimizu; N, Sapporo. B, O, C. bibaiensis, female: B, paratype; O, holotype. C, C. oishii, female, Mikasa. D, C. ibukii, female, holotype. E, C. vaccini, female, paratype. F, C. ouensis, female, paratype, Mt. Zao-san. G, C. annulipes, female, Austria. H, C. nara, female, Kamikawa. I, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, C. staphyleae, female, lectotype. K, C. zelkovae, female, lectotype. L, C. matsumotonis, female, lectotype. M, P, C. nire, female, holotype.
FIGURE 8 in Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
FIGURE 8. Lances and lancets (A, C, E, G) and middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, F, H, I). A–D, Caliroa vaccini: A, B, paratype; C, D, holotype or paratype. E–H, C. ouensis: E, F, holotype; G, H, paratype, Mt. Zao. I, C. annulipes, Austria. 1, 4, 5, 6, first (most basal), fourth, fifth, sixth serrula. A, B, E, reversed.
FIGURE 9 in Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
FIGURE 9. Lances and lancets (A, C, E) and middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, F). A, B, Caliroa aizankei, holotype. C–F, C. staphyleae: C, D, lectotype of C. staphyleae; E, F, holotype or paratype of C. staphylea. 5, fifth serrula. E, F, reversed.
FIGURE 2. Female adults. A, B in Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
FIGURE 2. Female adults. A, B, Caliroa vaccini, paratype. C, D, C. ouensis, holotype. E, F, C. aizankei, holotype. G–J, C. staphyleae: G, H, lectotype of C. staphyleae; I, J, holotype or paratype of C. staphylea. K–P, C. zelkovae: K, L, lectotype of C. zelkovae; M, N, holotype of C. zelkova; O, P, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica. Q, R, C. nire, holotype. A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, Q, dorsal or dorsolateral view. B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, R, ventral or ventrolateral view.
FIGURE 1 in Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
FIGURE 1. Female adults (A–J) and immature stages (K–T). A, B, Caliroa cerasi, female, Sapporo. C, D, K, L, C. bibaiensis: C, D, female, holotype; K, L, late instar larvae on Crataegus chlorosarca, Bibai, 6 August 2009. E–H, M, C. oishii: E, F, female, holotype or paratopotype of C. oishii; G, H, female, holotype of C. quercivora; M, late instar larva on Quercus crispula, Shintoku, 28 August 1993. I, J, N, C. ibukii: I, J, female, holotype; N, final feeding-instar larva, 6 July 2018. O, C. staphyleae, late instar larvae on Staphylea bumalda, Nakagawa, 9 July 2012. P–S, C. zelkovae: P, eggs in Zelkova serrata, Nakagawa, 30 June 2010; Q, young larvae on Z. serrata, Nakagawa, 26 June 2014; R, middle and late instar larvae on Z. serrata, Nakagawa, 30 June 2010; S, late instar larva on Prunus domestica, Nakagawa, 8 July 2012. T, C. nire, late instar larva on Ulmus pumila, holotype, Shintoku, 21 August 2011. A, C, E, G, I, dorsal or dorsolateral view. B, D, F, H, J, ventral or ventrolateral view. K–M, T, photographed by H. Hara. N–S, photographed by S. Ibuki.
FIGURE 7 in Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
FIGURE 7. Lances and lancets (A, B, E, G), apices of lances (C, H) and middle ventral parts of lancets (D, F, I). A–F, Caliroa oishii: A–D, holotype or paratopotype of C. oishii; E, F, holotype of C. quercivora. G–I, C. ibukii, holotype. 1, 5, first (most basal), fifth serrula. A, G, I, reversed.
FIGURE 4. Hind wings, dorsal view. A–C in Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
FIGURE 4. Hind wings, dorsal view. A–C, Caliroa cerasi: A, female, Sapporo; B, female, Shimizu; C, male, Finland. D, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. E, F, C. oishii: E, female, holotype or paratopotype; F, male, Shintoku. G, H, C. ibukii: G, female, holotype; H, male, paratype. I–K, C. vaccini: I, female, paratype; J, female, holotype or paratype; K, male, paratype. L, C. ouensis, female, holotype. M, C. aizankei, female, holotype. N–P, C. staphyleae: N, female, lectotype; O, female, Nakagawa; P, male, paralectotype. Q, R, C. zelkovae: Q, female, lectotype; R, male, Hobara. S, C. matsumotonis, male, Korea. T, C. nire, female, holotype. A, C, D, F, J, K, reversed.
FIGURE 6 in Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
FIGURE 6. Lances and lancets (A, C, E, H), middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, I) and apices of lances (F, G). A–D, Caliroa cerasi: A, B, Sapporo; C, D, Germany. E–I, C. bibaiensis: E, holotype; F–I, paratype. 1, 5, 7, first (most basal), fifth, seventh serrula. B–D, E, H, I, reversed.
FIGURE 3 in Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed.
FIGURE 11 in Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
FIGURE 11. Male genitalia in ventral view (A, D, G, J, M, P, S, V), penis valves in dorsal view and lateral view, left dorsal (B, C, E, F, H, I, K, L, N, O, Q, R, T, U, W, X). A–C, Caliroa cerasi, Finland. D–F, C. oishii, Shintoku. G–I, C. ibukii, paratype. J–L, C. vaccini, paratype. M–O, C. ouensis, paratype. P–R, C. staphyleae, Nakagawa. S–X, C. zelkovae: S–U, Hobara; V–X, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica.
FIGURE 10 in Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
FIGURE 10. Lances and lancets (A, C, E, G, I, K) and middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, F, H, J, L). A–H, Caliroa zelkovae: A, B, lectotype of C. zelkovae; C, D, holotype of C. zelkova; E, F, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; G, H, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica. I, J, C. matsumotonis, Higashine. K, L, C. nire, holotype. 1, 5, 7, first (most basal), fifth, seventh serrula. G, H, reversed.
Two videos showing mating behaviour of the terrestrial slug Deroceras cecconii (Gastropoda: Agriolimacidae)
<p> The dataset consists of two videos showing the mating behaviour of <em>Deroceras cecconii</em>. Details are explained further in:<br> Hutchinson, J.M.C, Reise, H. & Schlitt, B. (2020) Mating behaviour and genital anatomy of <em>Deroceras cecconii</em> (Pollonera, 1896), a widespread but overlooked slug from Italy, now introduced to eastern Germany. <em>Archiv für Molluskenkunde</em> <strong>149</strong>: 221–236.<br> The video cecconii_mating.mp4 shows the mating from soon (<8 min) after the sarcobela have everted (defining the start of the courtship phase) until the separation after copulation, 93 min later. Behaviour has been speeded up by a factor of 10. These two slugs (p23912 and p23915 in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz) were collected from site G45 (43.7338°N 011.55662°E, province of Firenze, Italy) on 22.iii.2013 and the mating occurred on 5.iv.2013. To give a rough idea of scale, each slug was about 3 cm long.<br> The video cecconii_copulation.mp4 shows the entire copulation phase (when the penes evert fully and sperm is exchanged between them) of a different pair of slugs (p23903 and p23904 in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz). They were collected from site G43 (42.7771°N 011.1938°E, province of Grosseto, Italy) on 21.iii.2013 and the mating occurred on 17.iv.2013. The video plays at the true speed. In this mating, the copulation started 76-84 min after the start of courtship. Stills from this video make up Fig. 7A-L in the above article. To give a rough idea of scale, each slug was about 3 cm long.<br> Video recording used Samsung SHC-737P cameras with Fujinon YV10×5B-2 lenses connected to an ISIS-1624 digital video card. Video processing utilised Avisynth, VirtualDub2, and ffmpeg.<br> A video recording of another copulation of <em>D. cecconii</em>, in side view, is available at https://malagr.de/hutch/video/cecconii.htm.</p>
Data from: Introgressive replacement of natives by invading Arion pest slugs
Hybridization with invasive species is one of the major threats to the phenotypic and genetic persistence of native organisms worldwide. Arion vulgaris (syn. lusitanicus) is a major agricultural pest slug that successfully invaded many European countries in recent decades, but its impact on closely related native species remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that the regional decline of native A. rufus is connected with the spread of invasive A. vulgaris, and tested whether this can be linked to hybridization between the two species by analyzing 625 Arion sp. along altitudinal transects in three regions in Switzerland. In each region, we observed clear evidence of different degrees of genetic admixture, suggesting recurrent hybridization beyond the first generation. We found spatial differences in admixture patterns that might reflect distinct invasion histories among the regions. Our analyses provide a landscape level perspective for the genetic interactions between invasive and native animals during the invasion. We predict that without specific management action, A. vulgaris will further expand its range, which might lead to local extinction of A. rufus and other native slugs in the near future. Similar processes are likely occurring in other regions currently invaded by A. vulgaris.
Data from: Travelling at a slug's pace: possible invertebrate vectors of Caenorhabditis nematodes
Background: How do very small animals with limited long-distance dispersal abilities move between locations, especially if they prefer ephemeral micro-habitats that are only available for short periods of time? The free-living model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and several congeneric taxa appear to be common in such short-lived environments, for example decomposing fruits or other rotting plant material. Dispersal is usually assumed to depend on animal vectors, yet all current data is based on only a limited number of studies. In our project we performed three comprehensive field surveys on possible invertebrate vectors in North German locations containing populations of C. elegans and two related species, especially C. remanei, and combined these screens with an experimental analysis of persistence in one of the vector taxa. Results: Our field survey revealed that Caenorhabditis nematodes are commonly found in slugs, isopods, and chilopods, but are not present in the remaining taxonomic groups examined. Surprisingly, the nematodes were frequently isolated from the intestines of slugs, even if slugs were not collected in close association with suitable substrates for Caenorhabditis proliferation. This suggests that the nematodes are able to enter the slug intestines and persist for certain periods of time. Our experimental analysis confirmed the ability of C. elegans to invade slug intestines and subsequently be excreted alive with the slug feces, although only for short time periods under laboratory conditions. Conclusions: We conclude that three invertebrate taxonomic groups represent potential vectors of Caenorhabditis nematodes. The nematodes appear to have evolved specific adaptations to enter and persist in the harsh environment of slug intestines, possibly indicating first steps towards a parasitic life-style.
FIGURE 4 in Kootenaia burkei, a new genus and species of slug from northern Idaho, United States (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Arionidae)
FIGURE 4: A. Maximum parsimony tree for representatives of the genera Hemphillia, Kootenaia, Prophysaon, and Zacoleus based on 15 anatomical characters. Bootstrap values (10,000 replicates) are given at the nodes. The scale bar indicated the number of changes. B. Bayesian phylogram for the same species based on combined fragments of mitochondrial COI DNA and LSU rRNA showing the 50% majorityrule consensus of topologies sampled during the Bayesian search. The scale bar indicates the substitution rate according to the model of sequence evolution applied. The numbers at the branches are the percentages that the clade occurs among all sampled trees; i.e. the posterior probability of that clade.
FIGURE 2 in Kootenaia burkei, a new genus and species of slug from northern Idaho, United States (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Arionidae)
FIGURE 2. Dissected holotype of Kootenaia burkei from Shoshone County, Idaho, showing the reproductive and digestive systems. Dorsal view of reproductive system on the left and ventral view of digestive system on the right. Total body length in alcohol = 10 mm.
FIGURE 1. Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n in Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new slug-parasitic nematode from the Czech Republic
FIGURE 1. Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n. sp. drawings: Dauer juveniles A–B. A: DJs, head region; B: DJs, tail region. Males C–F. C: male, tail region, ventral view; D: male, tail region, lateral view; E: male, head region; F: male, spicule (left) and gubernaculum (right). Scale 20 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new slug-parasitic nematode from the Czech Republic
FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic relationships of the Phasmarhabditis species and other related species based on analysis of D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA. Oscheius tipulae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were used as outgroup taxa. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (10 000 replicates) are shown next to the branches. Branch lengths indicate evolutionary distances and are expressed in the units of number of base differences per site.
FIGURE 7 in Phasmarhabditis bonaquaense n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new slug-parasitic nematode from the Czech Republic
FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationships of the Phasmarhabditis species and other related species based on analysis of ITS rDNA regions. Oscheius tipulae was used as outgroup taxon. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (10 000 replicates) are shown next to the branches. Branch lengths indicate evolutionary distances and are expressed in the units of number of base differences per site.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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