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534 results for “stable isotopes”
Data from: Endothermic mosasaurs? Possible thermoregulation of Late Cretaceous mosasaurs (Reptilia, Squamata) indicated by stable oxygen isotopes in fossil bioapatite in comparison with coeval marine fish and pelagic seabirds
The thermoregulatory style of Late Cretaceous mosasaurs has become a highly controversial subject in vertebrate palaeontology. These extinct marine reptiles have previously been described as poikilothermic, endothermic or gigantothermic. Here we analyse three genera of mosasaurs from the Mooreville Chalk in Alabama (USA) of differing body mass, and compare their δ18OPO4 derived body temperatures (Tb) with those of coeval poikilothermic fish (Enchodus) and endothermic pelagic seabirds (Ichthyornis). Results show that all mosasaurs, Clidastes (Tb = 33.1°C), Platecarpus (Tb = 36.3°C), and Tylosaurus (Tb = 34.3°C), had elevated average body temperatures in relation to those of the fish (Tb = 28.3°C) and were closer to those of Ichthyornis (Tb = 38.6°C). The temperatures calculated for Enchodus compare well with previously reported temperature estimates for the Mooreville Chalk and the Tb of Ichthyornis compares well with temperatures that have been reported for modern seabirds, suggesting that this method provides accurate results. Finally, although there are small differences of body temperature among mosasaur genera, these are independent of size, and thus inferred body mass, suggesting that mosasaurs were not gigantotherms, but rather endotherms.
Data from: City life alters the gut microbiome and stable isotope profiling of the eastern water dragon (Intellagama lesueurii)
Urbanisation is one of the most significant threats to biodiversity, due to the rapid and large-scale environmental alterations it imposes on the natural landscape. It is, therefore, imperative that we understand the consequences of, and mechanisms by which, species can respond to it. In recent years, research has shown that plasticity of the gut microbiome may be an important mechanism by which animals can adapt to environmental change, yet empirical evidence of this in wild non-model species remains sparse. Using an empirical replicated study system, we show that city life alters the gut microbiome of a wild native non-model species – the eastern water dragon (Intellagama lesueurii). City dragons exhibit a more diverse gut microbiome than their native riparian counterparts and show gut microbial signatures of a high fat and plant rich diet. These results highlight the role that gut microbial plasticity plays in an animals' response to human-altered landscapes.
Data from: Stable isotopes reveal differences in diet among reed bunting subspecies that vary in bill size
Reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) subspecies vary considerably in bill size and shape and seem to be at an early stage of speciation, in which bill might be indirectly causing reproductive isolation. Hence, we evaluated whether bill size, as well as age and sex, are associated with foraging niche in three West European subspecies of reed bunting: the thin-billed schoeniclus, the intermediate-billed lusitanica and the thick-billed witherbyi. Blood sampling was undertaken at three sites in southwest Europe during the winter (when these subspecies co-occur), and stable isotope analyses (carbon and nitrogen) were performed to assess their foraging niches. Stable isotope analyses of potential food items confirmed uniform baseline isotopic composition among sites. schoeniclus showed a significantly broader isotopic niche than lusitanica and witherbyi, which seemed otherwise similar despite the fact that witherbyi is more divergent in bill traits. Stable isotope ratios were consistent with the latter two subspecies feeding on C3-plant-feeding insects, whereas schoeniclus diet also included C4 plant material. Despite its lower sexual dimorphism, sex and age differences were found only in schoeniclus, but these differences vary between locations in a complex manner. Our results suggest that bill size and shape differentiated between northern, migratory and southern, resident subspecies as a consequence of natural selection through competition during the winter, which is now reflected in isotopic niche divergence between subspecies. The potential roles of sexual selection, reed thickness and summer temperature on the difference in bill size (and greater sexual dimorphism) between lusitanica and witherbyi are discussed.
Protein stable isotope fingerprinting (P-SIF): Pure culture samples, under various growth substrates
<p>Carbon stable isotope data for proteins extracted from a variety of pure culture samples.</p>
Observations of molecular hydrogen (H2) mixing ratio and stable isotopic composition (deuterium content) at the Cabauw tall tower in the Netherlands
<p>This zip file contains the final corrected data that were used for the journal article "Observations of molecular hydrogen mixing ratio and stable isotopic composition at the Cabauw tall tower in the Netherlands" by Batenburg et al., Atmospheric Environment, 2016, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.058<br> <br> Please cite the original AtmosEnv article when using these data.<br> The paper also contains more information about how these data were collected and calibrated, and on how the quality control flags were assigned.</p> <p>All samples were collected at the Cabauw tower, at the CESAR site (51.971° N, 4.927° E, http://www.cesar-observatory.nl/).<br> H2 and deltaD(H2) are calibrated using one to four laboratory reference air cylinders, depending on measurement period.<br> The H2 mixing ratio of the reference cylinders was determined by UHEI-IUP, MPI-BGC, or the IMAU isotope laboratory.<br> The deltaD(H2) of the reference cylinders is, sometimes indirectly, linked to the VSMOW scale by measurements of air mixtures containing H2 standards of known isotopic composition.<br> H2 scale: MPI2009, Jordan and Steinberg, AMT, 2011, doi:10.5194/amt-4-509-2011<br> deltaD(H2) units: permil deviation from VSMOW, Gonfiantini et al., IAEA-TECDOC-825, IAEA</p> <p>Times are UTC. </p> <p><br> The corresponding author can be reached through annekebatenburg@gmail.com for questions.</p>
LMDZ6iso output - Antarctic water stable isotopes in the global atmospheric model LMDZ6: from climatology to boundary layer processes
<h3><strong>Update of the Simulation</strong></h3> <p dir="ltr">This archive contains the output of a revised simulation, addressing issues identified in the original simulation described in the following article:</p> <p><em>Dutrievoz, N., Agosta, C., Risi, C., Vignon, É., Nguyen, S., Landais, A., ... & Prié, F. (2025). Antarctic water stable isotopes in the global atmospheric model LMDZ6: From climatology to boundary layer processes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 130(5), e2024JD042073.</em></p> <p>All information is available here:<strong> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1x4FSGtNiJGqsMoks38yATzTQJ7T8sO8iXqeWagTU5yE/edit?usp=sharing">README</a></strong></p> <p>Researchers and colleagues are welcome to contact me at <strong>niels.dutrievoz@lsce.ipsl</strong>.<strong>fr</strong> for any further information regarding this updated simulation or potential collaborations. Please feel free to reach out if you are interested in daily or hourly output data from this simulation.</p> <p dir="ltr">I look forward to any exchanges that might arise from this work.</p> <p> </p>
A Database of Water Stable Isotopes in Iran's Strategic Aquifers
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 1 in A Stable Isotope Investigation into the Feeding Behavior of Brychius Hungerfordi Spangler (Coleoptera: Haliplidae), a Federally Endangered Crawling Water Beetle
Fig. 1. Keeling Plots of carbon (a) and nitrogen (b) signals against the reciprocal of the mass. The y-intercept is the isotopic value of the source dominating the mixture of Cocconeis and Dichotomosiphon and agrees well with the observed isotopic signature of Dichotomosiphon.
Fig. 2 in A Stable Isotope Investigation into the Feeding Behavior of Brychius Hungerfordi Spangler (Coleoptera: Haliplidae), a Federally Endangered Crawling Water Beetle
Fig. 2. Dual Isotope Plot showing the relation between primary producers and Brychius larvae and adults (consumers have been corrected for trophic enrichment). Key: Larvae (L); Adult (A); Dichotomosiphon (1); Cocconeis (2); Cladophora (3); Spirogyra (4); Chara (5); error bars represent (SD).
Stable isotope dataset of different water components in a tyical permafrost-dominated Basin on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
<p>Different water bodies, including precipitation, thermokarst lakes/ponds, stream, natural springs, as well as ground ice were monitored in a permafrost-dominated Basin (the Beiluhe basin) on central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Six years’ continuous sampling work were conducted between 2017 and 2022 in this permafrost basin. Totally, 554 precipitation samples, 2402 lakes/ponds samples, 675 stream water samples, 102 supra-permafrost water samples, and 19 sub-permafrost water samples were collected during six years’ continuous sampling work. Importantly, 355 ground ice samples were collected from 17 boreholes and 4 samples were obtained from 2 thaw slump profiles. The stable isotopes (δ18О, δD, and d-excess) were obtained. This is the first comprehensive dataset in permafrost regions on the QTP, which will facilitate the understanding of hydrological processes under permafrost degradation in the Asian water Tower.</p>
Atmospheric water vapor stable isotopes at Lulang, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
<p>These data had been published in the following paper. If you use them, please cite this paper.</p> <p>M. Chen, J. Gao, L. Luo, A. Zhao, X. Niu, W. Yu, Y. Liu, G. Chen, Temporal variations of stable isotopic compositions in atmospheric water vapor on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau and their controlling factors, Atmospheric Research, 2024, 107328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107328.</p>
Figure 3 in Trophic discrimination factors and stable isotope variability in a captive feeding trial of the southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875) (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in Tasmania, Australia
Figure 3. Isoplot showing the fit of different trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) to a wild population of Jasus edwardsii (■) and associated wild prey sources: Haliotis rubra (▲), Heliocidaris erythrogramma (■), and Lunella undulata (●), demonstrating that our experimentally derived TDFs provide the best fit. Black dots represent the isotope signatures of individual dorsal-muscle samples of lobsters. Mean and standard deviation values refer to the three source signatures with no TDF correction, with correction using multi-taxa TDFs from the literature (∆13C 0.4‰ and ∆15N 3.4‰ (Post, 2002)) and previously determined TDFs for J. edwardsii (∆13C 0.84‰ and ∆15N 3.28‰ (Suring & Wing, 2009)), with correction using our experimentally determined dorsal muscle TDFs (∆13C 4.45‰ and ∆15N 4.36‰), and correction with our experimentally determined leg muscle TDFs (∆13C 3.86‰ and ∆15N 5.05‰).
Figure 1 in Trophic discrimination factors and stable isotope variability in a captive feeding trial of the southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875) (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in Tasmania, Australia
Figure 1. Correlation plots showing the relationship between samples of captive Jasus edwardsii leg muscle and dorsal muscle (N = 34) for δ13C (A) and δ15N (B).
Figure 2 in Trophic discrimination factors and stable isotope variability in a captive feeding trial of the southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875) (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in Tasmania, Australia
Figure 2. Change in mean (± SE) isotopic signatures over time for captive Jasus edwardsii in three diet treatments: sea urchin (●), fish (▲), and mussel (■). Plots show change in δ13C (A) and change in δ15N (B). Solid lines represent lobster muscle tissue as represented by a leg-muscle icon, and dashed lines represent lobster exoskeleton as represented by a red-leg exoskeleton icon. Dotted lines represent the mean diet isotope + trophic discrimination factor (TDF) calculated as of 12 months. All mean values have a minimum sample size of five replicates except for the following samples: 4-month mussel (N = 4), 18-month fish (N = 4), and 18-month mussel (N = 3). For lethal samples (initial, 12, and 18 monts), exoskeleton samples are the mean of leg and dorsal samples where both were collected. Exoskeleton samples are only leg samples for non-lethal samples.
Data from: Calcium and strontium stable isotopes reveal similar behaviors of essential Ca and non-essential Sr in stream food webs
<p>Recent studies showed the potential of stable isotopes of the macronutrient calcium (δ<sup>44/40</sup>Ca) and non-essential strontium (δ<sup>88/86</sup>Sr) as new trophic level indicators in terrestrial vertebrates and marine teleost fishes. In this study, we tested whether similar Ca and Sr isotopic fractionation trends existed in macroinvertebrate dominated stream food webs compared to vertebrates despite their physiological differences. We have determined the δ<sup>44/40</sup>Ca and δ<sup>88/86</sup>Sr values as well as the <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios of stream macroinvertebrates and of small gobies and of their potential metal sources (stream water, periphyton, terrestrial plant litter) collected in May and November 2018 in upper and lower reaches of two streams in the Lake Biwa catchment, central Japan.</p> <p>The data are organized in different spreadsheets for each sample type (Rock cobbles, Stream water, Periphyton, Plant litter, Aquatic macroinvertebrates, fishes). Each spreadsheet contains information of the sample type including stream name (Ado, Yasu), stream location (Upper, Lower), sampling month (May, November), where relevant the order and scientifc name of specimens, the δ<sup>44/40</sup>Ca and δ<sup>88/86</sup>Sr values with two standard deviations, the <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios with two standard errors, the Ca and Sr concentrations and the calculated log(Sr/Ca) ratios of the samples.</p>
Individual dietary specialization in a generalist predator: A stable isotope analysis of urban and rural red foxes
<p>Some carnivores are known to survive well in urban habitats, yet the underlying behavioural tactics are poorly understood. One likely explanation for the success in urban habitats might be that carnivores are generalist consumers. However, urban populations of carnivores could as well consist of specialist feeders. Here, we compared the isotopic specialization of red foxes in urban and rural environments, using both a population and an individual level perspective. We measured stable isotope ratios in increments of red fox whiskers and potential food sources. Our results reveal that red foxes have a broad isotopic dietary niche and a large variation in resource use. Despite this large variation, we found significant differences between the variance of the urban and rural population for δ<sup>13</sup>C as well as δ<sup>15</sup>N values, suggesting a habitat-specific foraging behaviour. Although urban regions are more heterogeneous regarding land cover (based on the Shannon index) than rural regions, the dietary range of urban foxes was smaller compared to that of rural conspecifics. Moreover, the higher δ<sup>13</sup>C values and lower δ<sup>15</sup>N values of urban foxes suggest a relatively high input of anthropogenic food sources. The diet of most individuals remained largely constant over a longer period. The low intra-individual variability of urban and rural red foxes suggests a relatively constant proportion of food items consumed by individuals. Urban and rural foxes utilized a small proportion of the potentially available isotopic dietary niche as indicated by the low within-individual variation compared to the between-individual variation. We conclude that generalist fox populations consist of individual food specialists in urban and rural populations<b> </b>at least over those periods covered by our study.</p>
Stable isotope differences of polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea
<p>The life history, genetic, and habitat use differences between the 2 polar bear<strong> </strong>(Ursus maritimus) subpopulations in Alaska have been used to determine the geographic border separating them, but it has sparked a debate of the correct placement of the border for several years. Recently, the Southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) polar bear subpopulation has declined due to sea ice loss, while the Chukchi Sea (CS) subpopulation appears stable. To provide additional information about potential differences between the SBS and CS subpopulations, such as differences in prey sources, we used stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen from bone collagen of polar bears in these 2 neighboring subpopulations. We analyzed polar bear bones (1954–2019) from 112 individuals. Our purpose was to determine if the SBS and CS subpopulations could be distinguished based on the stable isotope signatures of bone collagen. A difference greater than 1‰ in δ<sup>13</sup>C values suggests a change in carbon sources, such as nearshore to offshore, while a 3‰ change in δ<sup>15</sup>N values equates to a change of about 1 trophic level. Our study showed a significant difference in δ<sup>13</sup>C values (P ≤ 0.001), but not δ<sup>15</sup>N values (P = 0.654) between the CS (−13.0±0.3‰ and 22.0±0.9‰, respectively) and SBS bears (−14.7±1.3‰ and 22.2±1.0‰, respectively). Our findings indicate that the 2 subpopulations are consuming similar high trophic level prey, while feeding in ecosystems with different δ<sup>13</sup>C baselines. We performed a logistic regression analysis (LR) using δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values of the polar bears to predict their placement into these 2 subpopulations. Using Icy Cape, AK as the geographical boundary, the LR correctly placed polar bears in their respective subpopulations 82% of the time. Overall accuracy of placement changed to 84% when using the current geographical boundary at Utqiaġvik, AK. Samples collected from the Wainwright, AK region were predicted as 58% CS and 42% SBS polar bears. This suggests that the area between Wainwright and Icy Cape is a polar bear mixing zone that includes bears from both subpopulations. Bone collagen has a long-term, potentially life-long, stable isotope turnover rate, and our findings could be used to determine the association of harvested polar bears to Alaska subpopulations, thus aiding in transboundary harvest quota management.</p>
Towards the Third Millennium Changes in Siberian Triple Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes
<p>Triple (d13C, d18O, d2H) Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes from Siberian subarctic.</p>
Data from: Combining citizen science species distribution models and stable isotopes reveals migratory connectivity in the secretive Virginia rail
Stable hydrogen isotope (δD) methods for tracking animal movement are widely used yet often produce low resolution assignments. Incorporating prior knowledge of abundance, distribution or movement patterns can ameliorate this limitation, but data are lacking for most species. We demonstrate how observations reported by citizen scientists can be used to develop robust estimates of species distributions and to constrain δD assignments. We developed a Bayesian framework to refine isotopic estimates of migrant animal origins conditional on species distribution models constructed from citizen scientist observations. To illustrate this approach, we analysed the migratory connectivity of the Virginia rail Rallus limicola, a secretive and declining migratory game bird in North America. Citizen science observations enabled both estimation of sampling bias and construction of bias-corrected species distribution models. Conditioning δD assignments on these species distribution models yielded comparably high-resolution assignments. Most Virginia rails wintering across five Gulf Coast sites spent the previous summer near the Great Lakes, although a considerable minority originated from the Chesapeake Bay watershed or Prairie Pothole region of North Dakota. Conversely, the majority of migrating Virginia rails from a site in the Great Lakes most likely spent the previous winter on the Gulf Coast between Texas and Louisiana. Synthesis and applications. In this analysis, Virginia rail migratory connectivity does not fully correspond to the administrative flyways used to manage migratory birds. This example demonstrates that with the increasing availability of citizen science data to create species distribution models, our framework can produce high-resolution estimates of migratory connectivity for many animals, including cryptic species. Empirical evidence of links between seasonal habitats will help enable effective habitat management, hunting quotas and population monitoring and also highlight critical knowledge gaps.
Determining sugar and molasses origin by non-exchangeable hydrogen stable isotope of ethanol and carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry
<p>This study explores the differentiation of sugar and molasses produced from sugar beet and cane, which are susceptible to fraudulent labeling due to differing production costs. The research aimed to authenticate these products by botanical origin using novel analytical techniques. Utilizing ethanol isotopic measurement–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) for non-exchangeable hydrogen stable isotopes alongside carbon stable isotopes analysis through elemental analyzer–IRMS, the study accurately identified the origin of various sugar and molasses samples, pinpointed mislabeled goods, and determined the source of products with previously unknown provenance. These methods were also effective in revealing sugar and molasses adulteration and quantifying the extent of such fraud. The combined isotope analyses demonstrated their potential as robust tools for combating misrepresentation and adulteration in the sugar industry.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.