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opennotspecifiedJun 2022View details →

Figure 3 in Discovery of the male of Loxaulus hyalinus, and implications for the sympatric species Loxaulus laeta (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini): an integrative taxonomical case of species delimitation

Figure 3. Summarised tree of the terminals (A–D) and nodes (I–III) recovered from the BPP analyses. Results of the BPP analyses for the three subsets used (1–3). For each subset, the four models of priors (M1–M4) are given, with varying values of population size (θ) and divergence time (τ). Each model was iterated by changing between two algorithms, A0 and A1. The first rows correspond to the best trees recovered for each analysis. The last rows for each subset show the posterior probability support for every node (I–III) in the given subset.

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Predation patterns on the tundra – genetic barcoding of scats from two sympatric fox species

<p>In the Arctic tundra, climate-induced emergence of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), a competitor to the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), is predicted to influence predation patterns of both fox mesopredators. In this study, we i) identified predator species from scats through an established barcoding approach, and ii) explored the use of a cheap, quick barcoding method of fox feces (n = 103). We investigated differences in diet between the red fox (predicted generalist predator) and Arctic fox (predicted specialist predator) over two years with varying prey abundance. We amplified short DNA fragments (< 200 bp) from small rodents, birds and hares. For both predators, there was a high frequency of occurrence of rodents (38 - 69 %) identifying them as primary prey species and birds as secondary prey species (13-31%). This demonstrates the strength of a straightforward DNA barcoding method for dietary analyses in sympatric fox predators, with species-level resolution of prey. Barcoding is a promising tool for future dietary studies, however a few methodological improvements, along with extended sampling, are needed for a more complete assessment of fox predation patterns. Integrating high-resolution dietary analyses has great potential to enhance our understanding of predation patterns in Arctic tundra communities.</p>

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

FIGURES 40‒43. Heilipus vividaensis female terminalia. 40 in Sympatric species of Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hylobiini) on fruits of Lauraceae: a new species from Brazil and redescription of Heilipus draco (Fabricius, 1801)

FIGURES 40‒43. Heilipus vividaensis female terminalia. 40) Bursa copulatrix, common oviduct, spermatheca and spermathecal gland. Scale line = 0.2 mm. 41) spermatheca and spermathecal gland. Scale line = 0.1 mm. 42) Tergite VIII, gonocoxites and stylus, ventral view. 43) Sternite VIII. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 13‒18. Heilipus draco male terminalia. 13 in Sympatric species of Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hylobiini) on fruits of Lauraceae: a new species from Brazil and redescription of Heilipus draco (Fabricius, 1801)

FIGURES 13‒18. Heilipus draco male terminalia. 13) Tergite VIII, sternites VIII and IX, ventral view. 14) Tergite VIII, dorsal view. Scale line = 0.5 mm. 15) Aedeagus, dorsal view. 16) Aedeagus, ventral view. 17) Penis body, lateral view. 18) Tegmen, dorsal view. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 7‒12 in Sympatric species of Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hylobiini) on fruits of Lauraceae: a new species from Brazil and redescription of Heilipus draco (Fabricius, 1801)

FIGURES 7‒12. Sexual dimorphism in Heilipus draco. 7) Lateral view of male rostrum. 8) Lateral view of female rostrum. Scale lines = 1 mm. 9) Male right elytron, ventral view. Scale line = 1 mm. 10) Detail of the right elytron apex showing the parallel ridges in males (black arrow). Scale line = 0.5 mm. 11) Female right elytron, ventral view. Scale line = 1 mm. 12) Detail of the right elytron apex showing the granulose surface in females (black arrow). Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 24‒27. Heilipus vividaensis. 24 in Sympatric species of Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hylobiini) on fruits of Lauraceae: a new species from Brazil and redescription of Heilipus draco (Fabricius, 1801)

FIGURES 24‒27. Heilipus vividaensis. 24) Habitus, dorsal view and 25) lateral view. Scale lines = 1 mm. 26) Details of scales on elytral patches. Scale line = 0.2 mm. 27) Detail of patch surrounding the elytral declivital callus. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 34‒39. Heilipus vividaensis male terminalia. 34 in Sympatric species of Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hylobiini) on fruits of Lauraceae: a new species from Brazil and redescription of Heilipus draco (Fabricius, 1801)

FIGURES 34‒39. Heilipus vividaensis male terminalia. 34) Tergite VIII, sternites VIII and IX, ventral view. 35) Tergite VIII, dorsal view. Scale line = 0.5 mm. 36) Aedeagus, dorsal view. 37) Aedeagus, ventral view. 38) Penis body, lateral view. 39) Tegmen, dorsal view. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 44 in Sympatric species of Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hylobiini) on fruits of Lauraceae: a new species from Brazil and redescription of Heilipus draco (Fabricius, 1801)

FIGURE 44. Distribution map of Heilipus draco and Heilipus vividaensis, with early and new records of H. draco.

FIGURES 19‒23. Heilipus draco female terminalia. 19 in Sympatric species of Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hylobiini) on fruits of Lauraceae: a new species from Brazil and redescription of Heilipus draco (Fabricius, 1801)

FIGURES 19‒23. Heilipus draco female terminalia. 19) Bursa copulatrix, common oviduct, spermatheca and spermathecal gland. Scale line = 0.2 mm. 20) Spermatheca and spermathecal gland. Scale line = 0.1 mm. 21) Unlaid eggs found inside females. Scale line = 0.5 mm. 22) Tergite VIII, gonocoxites and stylus, ventral view. 23) Sternite VIII. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 1‒6. Heilipus draco. 1 in Sympatric species of Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hylobiini) on fruits of Lauraceae: a new species from Brazil and redescription of Heilipus draco (Fabricius, 1801)

FIGURES 1‒6. Heilipus draco. 1) Habitus, dorsal view and 2) lateral view, of the type specimen (with white lateral stripes) from the Zoological Museum in Kiel University, Germany. 3) Habitus, dorsal view, with lines of different colors indicating the measurements taken, and 4) lateral view of a male (with yellow lateral stripes) reared from fruits of O. puberula in Paraná, Brazil. Scale lines = 1 mm. 5) Detail of the imbricate white and yellow elytral scales. Scale line = 0.2 mm. 6) Detail of the patch of imbricate scales surrounding the elytral declivital callus on the posterior region of elytra. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 28‒33 in Sympatric species of Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hylobiini) on fruits of Lauraceae: a new species from Brazil and redescription of Heilipus draco (Fabricius, 1801)

FIGURES 28‒33. Sexual dimorphism in Heilipus vividaensis. 28) Lateral view of male rostrum. 29) Lateral view of female rostrum. Scale lines = 1 mm. 30) Male right elytron, ventral view. Scale line = 1 mm. 31) Detail of the right elytron apex showing the parallel ridges (black arrow) in males. Scale line = 0.5 mm. 32) Female right elytron ventral view. Scale line = 1 mm. 33) Detail of the right elytron apex showing the more granulose surface (black arrow) in females. Scale line = 0.5 mm.

opennotspecifiedMay 2020View details →

Fig. 6 in Dugesia hepta and Dugesia benazzii (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): two sympatric species with occasional sex?

Fig. 6 Summarization of dataset IV groups and their characteristics. Individuals whose karyotype is stablished are highlighted with bivalent chromosome symbol. Black and white split-up circles indicate individuals with recombinant sequences

opennotspecifiedMay 2020View details →

Fig. 2 in Dugesia hepta and Dugesia benazzii (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): two sympatric species with occasional sex?

Fig. 2 Sampling localities used for this study and geographical distribution of D. hepta and D. benazzii. Localities are numbered according to Supporting information Table S1. Red-colored circles

opennotspecifiedMay 2020View details →

Fig. 5 Haplotype networks for datasets IV in Dugesia hepta and Dugesia benazzii (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): two sympatric species with occasional sex?

Fig. 5 Haplotype networks for datasets IV (a Dunuc12) and III (b Cox1). Haplotypes are depicted as individual circles which are proportional to their abundancy (number of sequences), highlighted in a white square. Mutations are either depicted with black bars or black triangles when the number of mutations between linked haplotypes is equal to or exceeds a certain

FIGURE 12 in Crickets of the subfamily Eneopterinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Sandakan, Sabah: one new species and calling songs of a sympatric species

FIGURE 12. Calling song of Cardiodactylus borneoe Robillard & Gorochov, 2014 from Sandakan: oscillogram of 3 echemes (A), detailed oscillogram of 1 echeme (B), spectrogram of 1 echeme (C), power spectrum (D).

FIGURE 11 in Crickets of the subfamily Eneopterinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Sandakan, Sabah: one new species and calling songs of a sympatric species

FIGURE 11. Cardiodactylus borneoe Robillard & Gorochov, 2014 from Sandakan: female in its natural microhabitat when alive (A); male genitalia in dorsal (B), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views.

FIGURE 10 in Crickets of the subfamily Eneopterinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Sandakan, Sabah: one new species and calling songs of a sympatric species

FIGURE 10. Calling song of Lebinthus sandakan sp. nov. of paratype: oscillogram of 1 echeme (A), detailed oscillogram of trill part of echeme (B) and corresponding spectrogram (C); power spectra of beginning of syllable (D), of ending part of syllable (E).

FIGURE 6 in Crickets of the subfamily Eneopterinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Sandakan, Sabah: one new species and calling songs of a sympatric species

FIGURE 6. Female papilla of Lebinthus sandakan sp. nov. in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Crickets of the subfamily Eneopterinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Sandakan, Sabah: one new species and calling songs of a sympatric species

FIGURE 5. Male genitalia of Lebinthus sandakan sp. nov.: male holotype (A, C, E) and paratype (B, D, F) in dorsal (A, B), ventral (C, D) and lateral (E, F) views.

FIGURE 1 in Crickets of the subfamily Eneopterinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Sandakan, Sabah: one new species and calling songs of a sympatric species

FIGURE 1. Forests that Lebinthus sandakan sp. nov. lives in: Ulu Dusun Agriculture Research Station (A), and Kebun Cinaforest was affected by windfall in August 2018 (B).