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19,393 results for “water”
S1S2-Water: A global dataset for semantic segmentation of water bodies from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite images
<p>The S1S2-Water dataset is a global reference dataset for training, validation and testing of convolutional neural networks for semantic segmentation of surface water bodies in publicly available Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite images. The dataset consists of 65 triplets of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images with quality checked binary water mask. Samples are drawn globally on the basis of the Sentinel-2 tile-grid (100 x 100 km) under consideration of pre-dominant landcover and availability of water bodies. Each sample is complemented with metadata and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) raster from the Copernicus DEM.</p><p>This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the project "Künstliche Intelligenz zur Analyse von Erdbeobachtungs- und Internetdaten zur Entscheidungsunterstützung im Katastrophenfall" (AIFER) under Grant 13N15525, and by the Helmholtz Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Unit through the project "AI for Near Real Time Satellite-based Flood Response" (AI4FLOOD) under Grant ZT-IPF-5-39. </p>
Water Cycle Atlas of India (WCAI) v1.0 [1980-2022, Daily, 0.1°]
<p>WCAI ( Water Cycle Atlas of India) is a long term land surface reanalysis of the Indian subcontinent from Jan 1980 to Dec 2022. It is produced using the Indian Land Data Assimillation System (ILDAS) at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi India. It provides daily estimates of 16 variables at 0.1 degree resolution. The hydrologic and hydrodynamic model combination used is NoahMP3.6 and HYMAP2 forced with Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) gridded precipitation and MERRA2 reanalysis data. This dataset will be valuable for water balance assessments at continental scale for multiple applications such as water resources planning, soil conservation, urban planning, and natural disaster risk mitigation.</p> <p>Changelog</p> <p>------------------------------------</p> <p>v1.0 - Uncalibrated Model outputs</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Measurements and model simulations of iodine monoxide (IO) radical, water vapor (H2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) radical, formaldehyde (HCHO), gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0), and oxidized mercury (HgII) at Storm Peak Laboratory, Colorado, during April 2022
<p>This dataset was compiled to accompany the manuscript Lee et al., titled "Elevated Tropospheric Iodine over the Central Continental United States: Is Iodine a Major Oxidant of Atmospheric Mercury?", submitted to <em>AGU Geophysical Research Letters</em>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>file01</strong> contains two example spectral proofs for iodine monoxide (IO) radical measured by the University of Colorado Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU MAX-DOAS) instrument at Storm Peak Laboratory, CO (SPL; 3220 meters above sea level; 40.455 degrees North; 106.745 degrees West) during April 2022.</p> <p><strong>file02</strong> contains oxygen collision-induced absorption (O2-O2) slant column densities (SCDs) measured in a spectral fit window from 350 to 388 nm by the CU MAX-DOAS instrument at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file03</strong> contains O2-O2 SCDs measured in a spectral fit window from 425 to 490 nm by the CU MAX-DOAS instrument at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file04</strong> contains IO SCDs measured in a spectral fit window from 417.5 to 438 nm by the CU MAX-DOAS instrument at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file05</strong> contains water vapor (H2O) SCDs measured in a spectral fit window from 425 to 490 nm by the CU MAX-DOAS instrument at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file06</strong> contains nitrogen dioxide (NO2) radical SCDs measured in a spectral fit window from 425 to 490 nm by the CU MAX-DOAS instrument at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file07</strong> contains formaldehyde (HCHO) SCDs measured in a spectral fit window from 328,5 to 359 nm by the CU MAX-DOAS instrument at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file08</strong> contains the profiles of pressure, temperature, O2-O2, ozone (O3), NO2, and H2O derived from ECMWF CAMS reanalysis (April 2022 at SPL) and used in the radiative transfer model McArtim3 to calculate weighting functions for the trace gas profile inversions of IO, H2O, NO2, and HCHO.</p> <p><strong>file09</strong> contains the a priori profiles used for the IO profile inversions during April 2022 at SPL. One profile assumes a "flat" profile shape with a constant volume mixing ratio of 0.10 pptv throughout the atmosphere. The other profile is adapted from the GEOS-Chem April 2022 daytime (SZA < 85) average.</p> <p><strong>file10</strong> contains the a priori profile used for the H2O profile inversions during April 2022 at SPL. The profile is adapted from the GEOS-Chem April 2022 daytime (SZA < 85) average.</p> <p><strong>file11</strong> contains the a priori profile used for the NO2 profile inversions during April 2022 at SPL. The profile is adapted from the GEOS-Chem April 2022 daytime (SZA < 85) average.</p> <p><strong>file12</strong> contains the a priori profile used for the HCHO profile inversions during April 2022 at SPL. The profile is adapted from the GEOS-Chem April 2022 daytime (SZA < 85) average.</p> <p><strong>file13</strong> contains the IO tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDtrop; surface to 12 km), volume mixing ratios near instrument altitude (VMRinstr), and degrees of freedom (DoF) measured by the CU MAX-DOAS instrument at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file14</strong> contains the H2O VCDtrop, VMRinstr, and DoF measured by the CU MAX-DOAS instrument at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file15</strong> contains the NO2 VCDtrop, VMRinstr, and DoF measured by the CU MAX-DOAS instrument at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file16</strong> contains the HCHO VCDtrop, VMRinstr, and DoF measured by the CU MAX-DOAS instrument at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file17</strong> contains GEOS-Chem simulated temperature, relative humidity, IO VCDtrop & VMRinstr, H2O VCDtrop & VMRinstr, NO2 VCDtrop & VMRinstr, HCHO VCDtrop & VMRinstr, and bromine monoxide (BrO) radical VCDtrop & VMRinstr at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file18</strong> contains the gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) measured by the Utah State University dual-channel mercury system at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file19</strong> contains the oxidized mercury (HgII) measured by the Utah State University dual-channel mercury system at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file20</strong> contains the GEOS-Chem simulated Hg0 and HgII at SPL from April 1 to April 30, 2022.</p> <p><strong>file21</strong> contains the profiles of pressure, temperature, relative humidity, BrO, bromine atom (Br), methane (CH4), chlorine monoxide (ClO) radical, chlorine atom (Cl), carbon monoxide (CO), Hg0, peroxy radical (HO2), IO, iodine atom (I), NO2, hydroxyl radical (OH), and O3 used as constraints for the gas-phase mercury box model. All profiles except IO and I are adapted from the GEOS-Chem April 2022 daytime (SZA < 85) average. The IO profile was calculated by scaling the GEOS-Chem April 2022 daytime (SZA < 85) average below 12 km by the average observed IO VCDtrop during April 2022. The I atom profile was calculated by multiplying the scaled IO profile by the ratio of unscaled I / unscaled IO profiles from GEOS-Chem.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>file22</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file23</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file24</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file25</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file26</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file27</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file28</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file29</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file30</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file31</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file32</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file33</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file34</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file35</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file36</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file37</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file38</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file39</strong> contains the time-resolved gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>file40</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file41</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file42</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file43</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file44</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file45</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file46</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file47</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file48</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgOH</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file49</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file50</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file51</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at half the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file52</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file53</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file54</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at the same rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file55</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>8 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file56</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>9.5 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p> <p><strong>file57</strong> contains a profile of the gas-phase mercury box model output assuming that <strong>HgI forms at twice the rate as HgBr</strong> and that the Hg-I bond strength is <strong>11 kcal / mol</strong>, using <strong>HgBr</strong> as reference for the B-value in the HgI equilibrium coefficient.</p>
Data for "Effects of External Water on Volcanic Column Height and Collapse"
<p>Generate data for the publication "Effects of External Water on Volcanic Column Height and Collapse" (in prep). Please cite Carrillo, E.L. (2024) if any data in this repository is used.</p>
The FORCIS database: A global census of planktonic Foraminifera from ocean waters
<p>The FORCIS (Foraminifera Response to Climatic Stress) database is a synthesis grouping datasets on living planktonic foraminifera. We assembled foraminiferal diversity and distribution data in the global oceans from 1910 until 2018, curating published and unpublished datasets. This database includes data collected using plankton tows, continuous plankton recorder, sediment traps and plankton pump from the global ocean.</p> <p>The FORCIS database version 01 is composed of 5 files (“.csv” format). All data coming from different sampling devices were put into separate “.csv” files. Only the data of the CPR from the Southern Hemisphere have been separated from the Northern Hemisphere CPR data as the data structure is not the same (species counts resolved vs. binned total counts, respectively). </p> <p>Apart from the file of CPR data from the Northern Hemisphere that contains only metadata and binned total counts, all the remaining four files contain 4 blocks:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Block 1: metadata (from column 1 to 71)</p> </li> <li> <p>Block 2: original counts (from column 72 to 274)</p> </li> <li> <p>Block 3: generated counts based on the validated taxonomy (from column 275 to 331). We added “_VT” to each species name to distinguish it from other taxonomy levels. E.g. “g_bulloides” became “g_bulloides_VT”. The number of species counted per subsample is also reported in the column “number_of_species_counted_VT”</p> </li> <li> <p>Block 4: generated counts based on the lumped taxonomy (from column 332 to 379). In this case, we added “_LT” to each species name. E.g. “n_dutertrei” became “n_dutertrei_VT”. We also calculated the number of species counted per subsample and reported it in the column “number_of_species_counted_LT”</p> </li> </ul> <p>Foraminifera abundance data counts are reported in different categories in the blocks 1,2 and 3 and described in the table below:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>count_type</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>unit</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Absolute</p> </td> <td> <p>ind/m3</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Relative</p> </td> <td> <p>%</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Raw</p> </td> <td> <p>number of individuals</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Fluxes</p> </td> <td> <p>ind/m2/day</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Bin_Absolute</p> </td> <td> <p>ind/m3</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Bin_Relative</p> </td> <td> <p>%</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Bin_Raw</p> </td> <td> <p>number of individuals</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Bin_Fluxes</p> </td> <td> <p>ind/m2/day</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>For more details about the FORCIS database column description, please check the data descriptor paper <strong>Chaabane et al. (2023) (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02264-2).</strong></p> <p>The database is kept open for any new entries and the updated version will be released in csv format. The labels of updated versions of the released “.csv” files will contain the date of their publication and versioning number.</p>
Annual and 33-year water body frequency maps of the contiguous US from 1984 to 2016
<p>There are 50 5-by-5 degree tiles covering the entire CONUS. In each zipped tile folder, there are 33 annual water body frequency images (e.g. freq_2016_-070_040.tif), one 33-year water body frequency image (e.g. 33YearFreq_1984_2016_-070_040.tif), and one 33-year good observation image (e.g. 33YearGoodObs_1984_2016_-070_040.tif). </p> <p>The annual and 33-year water body frequency are defined as the ratio of water observations to total good observations in a year and in 1984-2016, respectively. The frequency stored in these image is compressed in 8 bits (1-255). To get the frequency in floating point (0-1.0), use the equation: f = (F-1)/254.0, where F is in 8 bits while f is in floating point. </p> <p>For each Landsat image, the CFmask band was used as a quality control band to remove the cloud, cloud shadow, and snow pixels. The solar azimuth and zenith angles of each image were used along with the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) to simulate terrain shadows and remove them. The remaining pixels were considered as good observations that can be used for water body detection. The total good observation number during 1984-2016 is stored in the 33-year good observation images.</p> <p>Projection is WGS84, while spatial resolution is 0.000269494585236.</p> <p>For additional details, please go to our lab server (http://mangrove.rccc.ou.edu/eomfftp/conus_water_dataset/).<br> To use this data, please cite our articles: <br> Zou, Z., Xiao, X., Dong, J., Qin, Y., Doughty, R.B., Menarguez, M.A., Zhang, G., Wang, J. Divergent Trends of Open Surface Water Body Area in the Contiguous United States from 1984 to 2016, PNAS, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1719275115</p> <p>Zou, Z., J. Dong, M. A. Menarguez, X. Xiao, Y. Qin, R. B. Doughty, K. V. Hooker, and K. David Hambright (2017), Continued decrease of open surface water body area in Oklahoma during 1984-2015, Sci Total Environ, 595, 451-460, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.259.</p>
Landsat bands (cloud free), tree cover (2000, 2010), bare-ground and surface water occurrence at 250 m based on GlobalForestWatch and USGS
<p>Landsat bands (cloud free) and tree cover (2000) based on Hansen et al. (2013), global surface water occurrence based on Pekel at al. (2016), and tree cover and bare-ground cover (2010) based the USGS land cover mapping projects (University of Maryland, Department of Geographical Sciences and USGS). All layers resampled to spatial resolution 1/480 d.d. (about 250 m) using gdalwarp with "average" resampling. Antarctica is not included. Original layers are available at 30 m resolution.</p> <p>If you discover a bug, artifact or inconsistency in the maps, or if you have a question please use some of the following channels:</p> <ul> <li>Technical issues and questions about the code: <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/issues">https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/issues</a> </li> <li>General questions and comments: <a href="https://disqus.com/home/forums/landgis/">https://disqus.com/home/forums/landgis/</a></li> </ul> <p>All files internally compressed using "COMPRESS=DEFLATE" creation option in GDAL. File naming convention:</p> <ul> <li>lcv = theme: land cover,</li> <li>bareground = variable: occurrence of bareground,</li> <li>landsat.usgs = determination method: Landsat landcover at 30 m resolution project (https://landcover.usgs.gov/glc/),</li> <li>p = probability or fraction,</li> <li>250m = spatial resolution / block support: 250 m,</li> <li>s0..0cm = vertical reference: land surface,</li> <li>2010..2010 = time reference: year 2010,</li> <li>v1.0 = version number: 1.0,</li> </ul>
Datasets for paper 'Cabello, V., Renner, A., Giampietro, M. 2019. Relational analysis of the resource nexus in arid land crop production. Advances in Water Resources 130:258-629'
<p>Datasets produced for the paper Cabello, V., Renner, A., Giampietro, M. 2019.<em> </em>Relational analysis of the resource nexus in arid land crop production. <em>Advances in Water Resources </em>130:258-269</p>
S5 | KWRSJERPS | KWR Drinking Water Suspect List
<p>This is the collection associated with list S5 KWRSJERPS on the NORMAN Suspect List Exchange.</p> <p><a href="https://www.norman-network.com/?q=suspect-list-exchange">https://www.norman-network.com/?q=suspect-list-exchange</a></p> <p>S5</p> <p>KWRSJERPS</p> <p><strong>KWR Drinking Water Suspect List</strong></p> <p>KWR Suspects <a href="https://www.norman-network.com/sites/default/files/files/suspectListExchange/031017Update/NormanTargetSuspects-KWR_withStruct_DTXSIDs.csv">CSV</a>, <a href="https://www.norman-network.com/sites/default/files/files/suspectListExchange/031017Update/NormanTargetSuspects-KWR_withStruct_DTXSIDs.xlsx">XLSX</a> (3/10/2017)</p> <p>CompTox <a href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical_lists/kwrsjerps">KWRSJERPS List</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.norman-network.com/sites/default/files/files/suspectListExchange/NormanTargetSuspects-KWR_InChIKeys.txt">KWR InChIKeys</a> (15/03/2016)</p> <p>Sjerps <em>et al</em>. 2016 Water Research 93: 254-264. <br> DOI: <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135416300938">10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.034</a></p>
Projected fresh water use from the European energy sector on NUTS2 level by 2050 following EU Energy Reference Scenario 2016
<p>The dataset contains projections of fresh water withdrawal and consumption from the European energy sector on NUTS2 level by 2050 following EU Energy Reference Scenario 2016.</p> <p>The energy sector in this scope includes energy production (production of coal, oil and gas) and energy transformation in oil refineries and power plants (nuclear, solid fuels, oil, gas, biomass and geothermal).</p> <p>The information in provided on NUTS 2 level following the NUTS2 2013 definition.</p> <p>The dataset is explained in more detail in the report <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/projected-fresh-water-use-european-energy-sector">Projected fresh water use from the European energy sector</a>.</p>
Biogenic silicate concentration in sea water samples, collected from the CTD in the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017, on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>Biogenic Silicate (Bsi) concentration (µmol/L) in seawater data. Water samples were collected from CTD rosette deployments, filtered on board and then analysed by flow injection following appropriate digestion.</p> <p>This data supports chemical and biological oceanography studies conducted during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ace_biogenic_silicate_concentration_in_seawater_ctd.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ace_biogenic_silicate_concentration_in_seawater_ctd_visual_summary.png, metadata, portable network graphics</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.md, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p>All missing values where no data point exists from lack of sample, have been set to NaN.</p> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This biogenic silica concentration dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Table S27: Target and identified unknown organic micropollutants detected in surface water samples taken during heavy rain events
<p>In the following table, peak intensities of detected organic micropollutants in water samples are displayed.</p> <p>This data table is part of the appendix of Chapter 4 of the PhD thesis “Novel approaches to identify drivers of chemical stress in small rivers” by Liza-Marie Beckers prepared at RWTH Aachen University and at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ. In Chapter 4, precipitation-related pollutant patterns and indicator compounds during heavy rain events were identified in the Holtemme River by nontarget screening and cluster analysis. The table contains peak heights of organic micropollutants detected in water samples taken during heavy rain events in the Holtemme River (Saxony – Anhalt, Germany). The table is structured into the following columns: Compound name, use class of compound (e.g., pharmaceutical or pesticide), distinction between target or identified unknown compounds, mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), retention time (RT), assignment to a pattern identified by cluster analysis (i.e., “Base” or “Quick”), the probability of belonging to the assigned pattern as number between 0 and 1 as well as the peak height of the compound in each sample. The samples are indicated by "B" for "bottle" and a number from 1-16. The use class “NA” indicates that now major use class for this compound could be identified.</p> <p>The sampling was triggered by combined sewer overflow at a wastewater treatment plant upstream of the sampling point. Samples were taken by an automated sampler in 30-min composite samples for 8 hours resulting in 16 samples per rain event. In total, 6 heavy rain events from May to September 2016 were sampled during this study. The table is divided into 6 subtables (i.e., Table S27 A-F). Each subtable displays compounds and their peak heights detected in samples from one heavy rain event. The different rain events are abbreviated by the sampling date:</p> <p>Table S27A displays results from the rain event samples May 29<sup>th</sup> 2016 : E2905</p> <p>Table S27B displays results from the rain event samples June 01<sup>st</sup> 2016 : E0106</p> <p>Table S27C displays results from the rain event samples June 24<sup>th</sup> 2016 : E1306</p> <p>Table S27D displays results from the rain event samples June 13<sup>th</sup> 2016 : E2406</p> <p>Table S27E displays results from the rain event samples July 13<sup>th</sup> 2016 : E1307</p> <p>Table S27F displays results from the rain event samples September 17<sup>th</sup> 2016 : E1709</p> <p>Chemical analysis of the water samples was performed by liquid chromatography (UltiMate 3000 LC system (Thermo Scientific)) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (Q Exactive Plus, Thermo Scientific) with a heated electrospray ionization (HESI) source. Nontarget screening was performed as it allows for a comprehensive characterization of the chemical exposure during heavy rain events. However, only annotated target compounds and unknown compounds identified by structure elucidation are presented in the table. Details on data evaluation methods are described in Chapter 4 of the PhD thesis.</p> <p>Beckers, L.M. (2019): Novel approaches to identify drivers of chemical stress in small rivers. RWTH Aachen University, Aachen.</p>
Chemical composition, soil water content and 16S rRNA and ITS gene copy numbers of soil aggregates and bulk soil samples
<p>This repository contains all data to reproduce the analyses presented in "Distinct microbial communities are linked to organic matter properties in millimetre-sized soil aggregates", Simon et al 2024, <em>The ISME Journal </em>(DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae156).</p>
Water quality data (River sediment, Nitrogen and Phosphorus loads) for Africa
<p>Output data on African water quality and scripts for preprint - "One third of African rivers fail to meet the 'good ambient water quality' nutrient targets" at <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4829742">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4829742</a> . Please check the readme file for data description. The data includes river flow, sediment load, nitrogen and Phosphorus loads for Africa at daily and yearly time scale. This work is currently under review in Ecological Indicators journal. </p>
Microbial biomass and water-extractable carbon on Mt. Kilimanjaro
<p>This dataset presents the value of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water-extractable carbon (WOC) at study plots under KiLi project.</p> <p>Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water-extractable organic carbon (WOC) – as sensitive and important parameters for soil fertility and C turnover – are strongly affected by land-use changes all over the world. These effects are particularly distinct upon conversion of natural to agricultural ecosystems due to very fast carbon (C) and nutrient cycles and high vulnerability, especially in the tropics. The objective of this study was to use the unique advantage of Mt. Kilimanjaro – altitudinal gradient leading to different tropical ecosystems but developed all on the same soil parent material – to investigate the effects of land-use change and elevation on MBC and WOC contents during a transition phase from dry to wet season. Down to a soil depth of 50 cm, we compared MBC and WOC contents of 2 natural (<em>Ocotea</em> and <em>Podocarpus</em> forest), 3 seminatural (lower montane forest, grassland, savannah), 1 sustainably used (homegarden) and 2 intensively used (maize field, coffee plantation) ecosystems on an elevation gradient from 950 to 2850 m a.s.l.</p> <p>The KiLi project (2010-2018) is a German Science Foundation (DFG) funded research unit (DFG research unit FOR1246) that focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem processes along altitudinal and disturbance gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa), capitalizing on its world-wide unique range of climatic and vegetation zones. The research unit comprises 2 central projects and 7 subprojects from various disciplines. On a total of 60 study sites in both natural and human-disturbed ecosystems biodiversity (e.g. plants, soil arthropods, ants, bees, frogs, lizards, bats, birds), related ecosystem processes (decomposition, seed dispersal, pollination, herbivory, predation), and biogeochemical processes and properties of ecosystems (climate, soil properties and nutrient status, regulation of water and carbon fluxes, trace gas emissions, primary productivity, functional diversity) are analyzed.</p>
Data from: Carbon and Water Balances in a Watermelon Crop Mulched with Biodegradable Films in Mediterranean Conditions at Extended Growth Season Scale
<p><span>Abstract</span></p> <p><span>The uploaded data are relative to the investigation around (i) the carbon source/sink nature and, further, (ii) the water and carbon balances, of a drip-irrigated and mulched watermelon. The crop was cultivated under the semi-arid climate of the Apulia region, in south Italy.</span></p> <p><span>The used mulching films were biodegradable as indicate by the producer; plants and some non-standard fruits were left on the soil as green manure after harvesting, thus, the experiment spanned from planting to the subsequent crop (6 months of continuous measurement from June to November 2023). </span></p> <p><span>The results detailed in the original publication indicate that mulching films contribute to carbon sequestration in the soil (+19.3 gC m<sup>−2</sup>). However, this mulched watermelon represents a net carbon source, with a net biome exchange, as loss from ecosystems, equal to +230 gC m<sup>−2</sup>. This is primarily due to the substantial amount of carbon exported through marketable fruits. Fixed water scheduling led to water waste through deep percolation (approximately 1/6 of the water supplied), which also contributed to the loss of organic carbon via leaching (−4.3 gC m<sup>−2</sup>). </span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>Methods</span></p> <p><span>Site and crop</span></p> <p><span>The field site was at the CREA-AA Research Unit experimental farm located in southern Italy (Rutigliano–Bari, 41 01’ N, 17°01’ E, altitude 147 m a.s.l.)., characterized by a Mediterranean semi-arid climate (average annual rainfall of 535 mm). The soil is classified as Lithic Rhodoxeralf, with a clay texture, stable structure, shallow profile (0.6–1.1 m) and rapid drainage due to an underlying cracked limestone subsoil. The SOC content averages around 12.0 g kg<sup>−1</sup>. The field capacity and the permanent wilting point volumetric water contents are 0.36 and 0.21 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively; with a bulk density of 1.15 Mg m<sup>−3</sup>, the available soil water ranges from 80 to 140 mm.</span></p> <p><span>The studied watermelon crop (seedless var. Lion king), followed a broccoli cabbage crop harvested in April and partially incorporated (0.81 kg m<sup>−2</sup> of fresh biomass in a soil layer depth of 0.30 m, corresponding to 0.69 kgH2O m<sup>−2</sup>) as green manure on 25 May 2023. Main tillage at medium depth ploughing (0.30 m) and seedbed preparation were performed between 25 and 30 May 2023; the biodegradable film mulch (model PC 100 d8, BASF, Italy, 1 m width) was applied on 1 June 2023. On the same day, driplines (2.1 Lh<sup>−1</sup> emitters, 0.60 m apart) and the main organic fertilization (Orga-Kem 6.11.8 + 11CaO, 300 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) were also applied. The watermelon plants were transplanted on 9 June at a spacing of 2.70 m between rows and 1 m between plants, covering an area of about 4.0 ha, with a density of approximately 3200 plants ha<sup>−1</sup>. Every 6 rows, the inter-row distance was 5 m to facilitate machinery passage. The first irrigation was performed the day before planting. Crop management adhered to the usual treatments in the area including mechanical weed removal every 4 weeks, irrigation around three times per week to maintain optimal soil water conditions and monthly fertigation (ammonium sulphate 50 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, magnesium nitrate 30 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, calcium nitrate 60 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, mycorrhizae 20 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>). The scalar harvest of marketable fruits occurred between 28 and 31 August 2023. After harvesting, on 25 September 2023, the fresh plant residues (0.6 kg m<sup>−2</sup> of fresh biomass, corresponding to 0.49 kgH2O m<sup>−2</sup>), unharvested fruits (4.0 kg m<sup>−2</sup> of fresh material, corresponding to 3.7 kgH2O m<sup>−2</sup>) and the mulching film were chopped by a tractor shredder and ploughed in two steps, on 2 and 13 October 2023, to a soil depth of 0.30 m. Measurements concluded at the end of November 2023, when tillage for the new winter crop commenced.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>Measurements of H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes; partitioning in evaporation, transpiration, photosynthesis and respiration</span></p> <p><span>The eddy covariance technique was employed to monitor water vapor (H<sub>2</sub>O) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes. The equipment comprised a three-dimensional sonic anemometer (uSonic 3 Scientific, Metek GmbH, 25337 Elmshorn, Germany) and a fast response open-path infrared gas analyzer (LI-7500, Li-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA). The three wind components, sonic temperature and atmospheric concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O were continuously measured at 1.5 m above the crop canopy, with the sensor height adjusted to follow crop growth, reaching a maximum of 1.75 m. </span></p> <p><span>Data were recorded at a frequency of 10 Hz on a dedicated computer using the MeteoFlux software (Servizi Territorio, S.n.c., Cinisello Balsamo, Italy) and were stored on an hourly scale. Post-processing and computation of hourly fluxes of H<sub>2</sub>O (mmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) and CO<sub>2</sub> (</span>μ<span>mol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) were conducted using EddyPro software, v7.0.9 (</span><a href="http://www.licor.com/eddypro"><span>http://www.licor.com/eddypro</span></a><span>), applying 60 min block averaging, double coordinate rotation, the statistical test, the maximum cross-covariance method, and the WPL density correction.</span></p> <p><span>H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes were partitioned into transpiration, evaporation, photosynthesis and respiration, respectively, using the flux variance similarity method. This method utilizes the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory to separate stomatal (photosynthesis, Fp, and transpiration, Ft) from non-stomatal (respiration, Fr, and evaporation, Fe) processes (Palatella et al., 2014). the H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> EC fluxes were partitioned using an adaptation of the code in Phyton provided by (Skaggs et al., 2018) and downloaded from <span> </span></span><a href="https://github.com/usda-arsussl/fluxpart"><span>https://github.com/usda-arsussl/fluxpart</span></a><span> (V0.2.10).</span></p>
Microplastics' Characteristics for Water Samples
<p>The characteristics of microplastics by the abundance, color, and size are shown for water samples collected in plastic bottles by VLPF, PONIKVE, THAMES 21, UNIPER, and DOW COMPANY Partners, on June 2022, as part of In-No-Plastic Project. Three replicates were collected at each sampling site. Water samples were filtrated by stacked stainless steel sieves with 4 mm and 32 μm mesh sizes. After the organic matter was destroyed, the microplastics were observed by using an optical microscope.</p>
Generated WSP: Validation of a water-sensitive paper-based method for the characterization of agricultural spray droplets
<p>Synthetic images were generated in a Python environment using the OpenCV library to replicate the distribution of droplets in WSP. The images display droplet stains represented by blue circles (255,0,0) on a yellow background (0,255,255) to enhance contrast and enable more precise analysis. The synthetic images were created in two distinct resolutions, namely 640x480 and 2560x1440 pixels, with the aim of reproducing the output of two specific digital microscopes: the Jiusion 640x480 and the Jiusion HD 2560x1440 (Shenzen, China). The resolution is chosen based on the expected practical application, ensuring that any image analysis algorithm developed can effectively process images with similar characteristics to those obtained under real conditions by these microscopes. Each pixel in this configuration corresponds to a physical size of 18.125 µm in images with a resolution of 640x480, and a size of 6.875 µm in images with a resolution of 2560x1440. Multiple patterns were created to simulate various configurations of droplet stains in WSP. The sizes of single droplet stains varied between 100 and 600 µm, with spacings of either 1000 µm or 2000 µm between drops (see attached figure). Furthermore, the same size range was utilised to generate patterns with double and overlaid droplet stains, with a consistent spacing of 2800 µm between each stain (see attached figure). The implementation of this systematic method guarantees the accurate calibration and application of image analysis algorithms in real-world situations. This allows for the representation of precise measurements and spacing that would be encountered in actual experimental conditions.</p>
Jensen et al. 2024 - Biodiversity and distribution of gelatinous macrozooplankton in the North Sea and adjacent waters dataset from winter 2022 - raw dataset
<p><span>The diversity and distribution of gelatinous macrozooplankton is described by presenting qualitative and quantitative data of the jellyfish and comb jelly community encountered in the North Sea and Skagerrak/Kattegat during January/February 2022.<span> </span>Data were generated<span> </span>as part of the North Sea Midwater Ring Net survey (MIK), an ichthyoplankton survey conducted at night-time during the quarter 1 (Q1) International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS), aboard the Danish R/V DANA (DTU Aqua) and the Swedish R/V Svea (SLU) at a total of 100 stations. This dataset accompanies the Data in Brief Article below and should be cited when using this dataset. <br></span></p> <p><span>Jensen, C.J.D., Køhler, L.G., Huwer, B., Werner, M., Cieters, L., <strong>Jaspers, C.</strong> (submitted) Biod</span><span>iversity and distribution of gelatinous macrozooplankton in the North Sea and adjacent waters dataset from winter 2022. <em>Data in Brief. </em></span></p>
SERENA EJPSoil Soil loss by water erosion of Tuscany (Italy)
<p>The internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales.</p> <p>One of the objective of SERENA project was to develop methods to calculate and map soil-based ecosystem services and soil threats. The present data was prepared according to the methodology of the SERENA Soil erosion and soil erosion control cookbook. Soil loss was used as an indicator for soil erosion (ST). The map of soil loss by water erosion (soil threat) was based on the RUSLE model. For Italy, the cookbook was applied in the Tuscany region. <br> <br>To create the soil loss map we used:</p> <ul> <li>for R-factor, not freely available database of meteorological parameters spatialized at 250 m (minimum and maximum daily air temperature; cumulate daily precipitation) over Tuscany region (period 1990–2022, Lamma Consortium) and a local linear equation between R and mean annual precipitation (P);</li> <li>for C -factor, Regional Land use map 1:10.000 (2018, freely available at: https://www502.regione.toscana.it/geoscopio/usocoperturasuolo.html) and ESDAC method (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.05.021) ; </li> <li>for K-factor, sand, silt, clay, and O.C. (%) maps (built from 4.000 soil profiles, following FAO’s methodology in GSP-GSOC map, Lamma Consortium), and Torri et al. (1997) function;</li> <li>for LS-factor, DEM 10 m of Tuscany, (freely available at https://www502.regione.toscana.it/geoscopio/cartoteca.html99) and Desmet & Govers (1996) SAGA tool (applied at 10 m and upscaled);</li> <li>for P-factor, not freely available database 1:10.00 of terraced areas (Lamma Consortium, 2020) (for terraced areas a multiplication factor of 0.5 was considered, based on expert evaluation)</li> </ul> <p>Maps was delivered in the GeoTIFF format in the resolution of 100m. <br>Delivered data will be validated by stakeholders from Italy (scientist) in October, 2024.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.