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Data from: Validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis in predicting total body water and adiposity among Senegalese school-aged children
Introduction: Childhood obesity is currently a serious public health challenge in developing countries. Therefore, an accurate assessment of adiposity is required. The objective of this study was to validate BIA prediction equations for the assessment of total body water and adiposity or percentage of body fat for the first time in Senegalese school-aged children. Methods: One-hundred-fifty-one (151) pupils who were 8-11 years old were randomly selected from four public schools in Dakar. The body composition measured by deuterium dilution method (DDM) was used as the reference method and compared to that predicted by BIA using a multi-frequency analyser. Stepwise backward multiple linear regression was performed to calculate TBW and %BF in a subsample, which were then validated it in the rest of the sample. The Bland and Altman approach was used to assess the agreement between the two methods (bias and limits of agreement). Results: FFM was higher in boys (24.6±6.9 kg) compared to girls (21.2±3.3 kg; P<0.001), and %BF was lower in boys (5.1±4.6 kg) compared to girls (5.3±3.8 kg; P<0.05). Overall, 11.3% of children were obese (%BF ≥25% in boys, and ≥30% in girls) and 4.6% were overweight/obese according to their BMI-z score (>+1). The equations developed were as follows: TBW=0.376(Height²/Z50)-0.470 (sex) +0.076(weight) +0.065(height)-2.28. %BF= -1.10(height²/Z50) +3.14(sex)+1.57(weight)-4.347. These specific equations showed good precision and a low and non-significant mean bias (0.11 kg, P=0.279; and 0.19 kg, P=0.764) for TBW and %BF, respectively. Conclusion: The newly developed equations can be used as an accurate and alternative tool for screening for obesity among African school-aged children in various settings
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925). in Muridae
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925).
Physics of sliding on water explains morphological and behavioural allometry across a wide range of body sizes in water striders (Gerridae)
<p>Data set of species measurements and the MATLAB code of sliding water strider used in "Physics of sliding on water predicts morphological and behavioral allometry across a wide range of body sizes in water striders (Gerridae)"</p>
Water body type Fig. 7 in Ecomorphology of a generalist freshwater gastropod: complex relations of shell morphology, habitat, and fecundity
Water body type Fig. 7 Variation in shell shape (a) and size (b) between water body types. notches extend to ± 1.58 times the IQR divided by the root squared The boxplots show the median (middle line), quartiles (boxes), 1.5 times number of observations, overlapping notches being strong evidence that the interquartile range (IQR) (whiskers), extreme values (dots). The the two medians do not differ (Chambers et al. 1983)
FIGURE 6 in Archaeodiacyclops, new genus with "archaic" features (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida), with description of new species from water bodies of northern Sakhalin Island
FIGURE 6. Archaeodiacyclops okhensis Chaban & Alekseev sp. nov.: female, A, B; male, C, D. A—antenna, caudal; B— antenna basipodite, frontal; C—antennule; D—P6. Scale bars 50 μm.
FIGURE 3 in Archaeodiacyclops, new genus with "archaic" features (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida), with description of new species from water bodies of northern Sakhalin Island
FIGURE 3. Archaeodiacyclops okhensis Chaban & Alekseev sp. nov.: female, A, C–F; male, B. A, B—habitus; C—caudal rami, ventral; D—genital double-somite, ventral; E—P5; F—P4, caudal. Scale bars: A, B—200; C–F—50 μm.
FIGURE 4 in Archaeodiacyclops, new genus with "archaic" features (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida), with description of new species from water bodies of northern Sakhalin Island
FIGURE 4. Archaeodiacyclops okhensis Chaban & Alekseev sp. nov.: female. A, B—caudal rami, ventral and dorsal ornamentation; C—antennule; D—labrum; E—mandible; F—maxilliped. Scale bars: A–C, F—50; D, E—20 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Archaeodiacyclops, new genus with "archaic" features (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida), with description of new species from water bodies of northern Sakhalin Island
FIGURE 1. Main morphological features of the genus Archaeodiacyclops gen. nov. A–C—salisae-group; D–F—uruguayensis- group; A, D—caudal ramus, arrows indicate setules on inner and outer margins; B, E—receptaculum seminis; C, F—length ratio of distal spines of P4 Enp3 (D–F—after Reid 1998).
FIGURE 5 in Archaeodiacyclops, new genus with "archaic" features (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida), with description of new species from water bodies of northern Sakhalin Island
FIGURE 5. Archaeodiacyclops okhensis Chaban & Alekseev sp. nov.: female. A—maxilla; B—P1, frontal; C—P2 coxopodite and intercoxal plate, frontal; D—P3 coxopodite and intercoxal plate, frontal; E—maxillule. Scale bars 50 μm.
FIGURE 2 in Archaeodiacyclops, new genus with "archaic" features (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida), with description of new species from water bodies of northern Sakhalin Island
FIGURE 2. Sampling location of Archaeodiacyclops okhensis sp. nov.: A—a map of the area, black triangles indicate sampling points; B—sampling station 58; C—sampling station 59.
Figure 3 in Macrobenthic communities in water bodies and streams of Svalbard, Norway
Figure 3. The dendrogram of samples similarity by the relative metabolism of the macrobenthic genera. Column to the right describes the dominant taxa.
Figure 2 in Macrobenthic communities in water bodies and streams of Svalbard, Norway
Figure 2. pH, conductivity and temperature in the different sampling sites. Spitsbergen, Svalbard, 2014–2015.
FIGURE 11 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 11. Pleuroxus fryeri sp. nov., adult parthenogenetic female from Crater Lake, Licancabur Volcano, Chile- Bolivia border. A. Lateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Anterior view; D. Lateral view of female with removed valve; E–F. Head, lateral and ventro-lateral view; G–H. Head pores. Scale bars 0.1 mm for A–G, 0.01 mm for H.
FIGURE 12 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 12. Pleuroxus fryeri sp. nov., adult parthenogenetic female from Crater Lake, Licancabur Volcano, Chile- Bolivia border. A–B. Valve and its surface; C–G. Setae at different portions of valve margin; H–I. Postabdomen; J–L. Postabdominal claw. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 4. Daphnia paggii sp. nov., adult male from Salar de Lagunillas, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head; C. Free margin of valve, inner view; D. Setae at antero-ventral angle of valve; E–F. Setae at medium portion of valve ventral margin; G. Setae at postero-ventral portion of valve; H. Setae at posterior margin of valve; I. Postabdomen, lateral view; J–K. Its distal portion, lateral and dorsal view; L. Postabdominal claw; M. Antenna I, distal portion; N. Antenna II; O–P. Limb I and distal portion of large seta on its outer distal lobe; Q. Anterior seta 1 on inner-distal portion of limb II. Scale bars 1 mm for A, C; 0.1 mm for B, D–Q.
FIGURE 6 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 6. Ilyocryptus cf. nevadensis, appendages of adult parthenogenetic female from a small stream in wet prairie, Parinacota Region, Chile. A–B. Antenna I, lateral and anterior view; C. Antenna II, anterior view; D. Its exopod. E–F. Apical and lateral swimming seta of antenna II; G. Distal portion of limb I. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 5. Ilyocryptus cf. nevadensis, adult parthenogenetic female from a small stream in wet prairie, Parinacota Region, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Anterior view; C–E. Head, lateral, ventral and dorsal view; F. Reticulation on valve; G–I. Setae at antero-ventral, ventral and posterior margin of valve; J–K. Postabdomen and armature of its basal portion; L. Large lateral setae; M. Postabdominal claw; N. Postabdominal seta. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 3. Daphnia paggii sp. nov., appendages of adult parthenogenetic female from Salar de Lagunillas, Chile, all in anterior view. A. Maxilla I; B–C. Limb I; D–F. Limb II, its distal portion and gnathobase; G–I. Limb III, its inner-distal portion and filtering seta of gnathobase; J–K. Limb IV and its inner-distal portion; L. Limb V. Scale bars 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 1. Daphnia paggii sp. nov., adult parthenogenetic female from Salar de Lagunillas, Chile (locality 3). A–B. Lateral and ventral view; C–D. Head, lateral view; E–F. Head, ventral and dorsal view; G. Medium portion of valve ventral margin, inner view; H. Postero-ventral portion of valve; I–J. Postabdomen, lateral view; K–L. Postabdominal claw. Scale bars 1 mm for A–B; 0.1 mm for D–L.
FIGURE 7 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 7. Macrothrix atahualpa, adult parthenogenetic female from Laguna Chungará, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Valve; D–F. Setae at antero-ventral and postero-ventral portion of valve; G–H. Postabdomen and its basal portion; I–J. Postabdominal claw, outer and inner view; K. Postabdominal seta; L–M. Antenna I in external view and its distal end in inner view. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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