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512 results for “Activity pattern”
Data from: Contrasting patterns of gene flow for Amazonian snakes that actively forage and those that wait in ambush
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Data from: Body temperature, heart rate, and activity patterns of two boreal homeotherms in winter: homeostasis, allostasis, and ecological coexistence
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Continental-scale patterns of extracellular enzyme activity in the subsoil: an overlooked reservoir of microbial activity
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Rest-task modulation of fMRI-derived global signal topography is mediated by transient co-activation patterns
<p>Recent resting-state fMRI studies have revealed that the global signal (GS) exhibits a non-uniform spatial distribution across the gray matter. Whether this topography is informative remains largely unknown. We therefore tested rest-task modulation of global signal topography by analyzing static global signal correlation and dynamic co-activation patterns in a large sample of fMRI dataset (n=837) from the Human Connectome Project. The GS topography in the resting-state and in seven different tasks was first measured by correlating the global signal with the local timeseries (GSCORR). In the resting state, high GSCORR was observed mainly in the primary sensory and motor regions, while low GSCORR was seen in the association brain areas. This pattern changed during the seven tasks, with mainly decreased GSCORR in sensorimotor cortex. Importantly, this rest-task modulation of GSCORR could be traced to transient co-activation patterns at the peak period of global signal (GS-peak). By comparing the topography of GSCORR and respiration effects, we observed that the topography of respiration mimicked the topography of global signal in the resting-state whereas both differed during the task states; due to such partial dissociation, we assume that GSCORR could not be equated with a respiration effect. Finally, rest-task modulation of GS topography could not be exclusively explained by other sources of physiological noise. Together, we here demonstrate the informative nature of global signal topography by showing its rest-task modulation, the underlying dynamic co-activation patterns, and its partial dissociation from respiration effects during task states.</p>
Figure 4 in Activity and reproductive patterns of lizards in the Chaco of Argentina
Figure 4. Monthly size distribution of adults (open circles) and juveniles (grey circles) of the lizard species of the Arid Chaco with the highest number of captures. Dotted lines indicate minimum size of adults for each species. Black lines under months indicate presence of gravid females. Arrows indicate months with presence of neonates. SVL: snout–vent length.
Figure 3 in Activity and reproductive patterns of lizards in the Chaco of Argentina
Figure 3. Annual activity of adult (black bars) and juvenile (grey bars) lizards in the southernmost portion of the Chaco. Monthly mean values for rainfall (dashed lines) and temperature (solid lines) are shown.
Figure 1 in Activity and reproductive patterns of lizards in the Chaco of Argentina
Figure 1. Map showing the Chaco ecoregion limits and it subdivisions in Argentina. Numbers refer to study sites with available reproductive studies made in the Argentine Chaco: (1) Arid Chaco (this study); (2) Semiarid Chaco (Fitzgerald et al. 1993, 1999; Cruz 1994a, 1994b, 1997; Cruz and Ramirez Pinilla 1996; Cruz et al. 1999); (3) Sierra Chaco: (a) Martori et al. (2002), (b) Aun and Martori (1994); and (4) Humid Chaco (Ortiz et al. 2014).
Figure 3 in Year-round activity patterns in a hyperdiverse community of rainforest amphibians in Madagascar
Figure 3. Model selection results and model averaged importance of predictors for 32 models relating abundance and species richness of amphibians along the study transect. The vertical red line indicates the 80% threshold of model averaged importance of predictors (Temp: daily mean temperature, Humid: daily mean relative humidity, Moon: lunar fraction illuminated, Wind: daily mean wind speed, Rain: daily rainfall accumulate).
Figure 2 in Year-round activity patterns in a hyperdiverse community of rainforest amphibians in Madagascar
Figure 2. Annual variation of relative abundance in eight species with more than 100 individual observations along the study transect. Note different activity patterns displayed by the species, some active year round (M. grandidieri), some restricted to the warm/rainy season (A. madagascariensis, B. pyrrhus), some active year round but with a clear peak in the late cold/dry season (B. viridis) or early dry season (Heterixalus spp.), and P. palmata showing an extremely seasonal, explosive breeding activity. The asterisk in the plot for P. palmata indicates the massive breeding of the species when the number of individuals was uncountable and estimated as 100.
Figure 1 in Year-round activity patterns in a hyperdiverse community of rainforest amphibians in Madagascar
Figure 1. Variation in amphibian diversity and environmental conditions from August 2011 to August 2012 along the study transect in Andasibe, Madagascar. (A) variation in amphibian abundance and species richness throughout 120 surveys; (B) variation in the four less correlated and most meaningful climatic variables during the same period: Temp = daily mean temperature, Humid = daily mean relative humidity, Wind = daily mean wind speed, Rain = daily accumulated rainfall.
Figure 5 from: Olimpio de Souza A, Oliveira SR, Proto Dias G, Bastos RP, Ribeiro de Morais A (2020) Annual and daily patterns of calling activity in male Scinax fuscomarginatus (Anura: Hylidae) from Central Brazil. Zoologia 37: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54148
Figure 5 Nocturnal variation in the calling activity (number of advertisement calls per minute) of the Scinax fuscomarginatus population in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás state, Brazil. The mean and standard error (SE) were estimated based on the recordings from all the study ponds (2013–2014).
Figures 3-4 from: Olimpio de Souza A, Oliveira SR, Proto Dias G, Bastos RP, Ribeiro de Morais A (2020) Annual and daily patterns of calling activity in male Scinax fuscomarginatus (Anura: Hylidae) from Central Brazil. Zoologia 37: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54148
Figures 3-4 (3) Monthly precipitation (gray bars), minimum air temperature (dashed line), and maximum air temperature (solid line) recorded between November 2013 and October 2014 in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás state, Brazil. (4) The mean number of advertisement calls (calling activity) recorded per minute (white bars) per day at all the study ponds.
Figures 6-8 from: Olimpio de Souza A, Oliveira SR, Proto Dias G, Bastos RP, Ribeiro de Morais A (2020) Annual and daily patterns of calling activity in male Scinax fuscomarginatus (Anura: Hylidae) from Central Brazil. Zoologia 37: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54148
Figures 6-8 Results of the Generalized Additive Model for the relationship between calling activity and (6) minimum and (7) maximum air temperatures and (8) precipitation. The inner tick marks on the x axes represent the raw values of the climatic variables. The shaded area indicates the 95% confidence interval. (Tmin) Minimum air temperature, (Tmax) maximum air temperature, (Prec) precipitation.
Data from: Comparing diel activity patterns of wildlife across latitudes and seasons: time transformations using day length
(1) Camera trapping allows scientists to study activity patterns of animals under natural conditions. However, comparisons of activity patterns across seasons or latitudes can be biased, because activity is often attuned to sunrise and sunset, the timing of which varies with latitude and season. Existing transformation methods to solve this problem have limitations. (2) Here, we explore whether and how activity patterns can be transformed more accurately using two alternative 'double anchoring' transformations – equinoctial and average anchoring – that anchor activity time to two chosen anchor points during the study period. (3) Using simulated noisy datasets mimicking species with either crepuscular, diurnal or cathemeral activity patterns, we compared the ability of different transformation methods to extract the latent pattern and activity levels under different study conditions. We found that average anchoring best retrieved the original diel activity pattern and yielded accurate estimates of activity level. Two alternative transformation methods – single anchoring and equinoctial anchoring – performed less well. Bias in estimates from using untransformed clock times was most marked (up to 2.5-fold over-estimation) for longer studies covering 4-5 months either side of an equinox at high latitude, and focusing on crepuscular species. (4) We applied the average anchoring method to 9 months of data on Red deer (Cervus elaphus), Wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Mouflon (Ovis amon musimon) activity as captured by camera traps in National Park Hoge Veluwe, the Netherlands. Average anchoring revealed more pronounced peaks of activity after sunset than was apparent from untransformed data in red deer and wild boar, but not for mouflon, a cathemeral species. Similarly, activity level was lower when calculated using average-anchored time for red deer and wild boar, but no difference was observed for mouflon. (5) We conclude that transformation of time might not be necessary at latitudes below 20°, or in studies with a duration of less than a month (below 40° latitude). For longer study periods and/or higher latitudes, average-anchoring resolves the problem of variable day length. Code is provided. The transformation functions are incorporated in the R-package 'activity'.
Fig. 3 in Habitat Preferences And Activity Patterns Of The Larger Mammal Community In Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia
Fig. 3. Camera-trap photographs from Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary: a. leopard; b. gaur; c. banteng; and d. Asian elephant.
Colony specificity and starvation-driven changes in activity patterns of the red ant Myrmica rubra
<p>Data collected in the experiment entitled "Colony specificity and starvation-driven changes of activity patterns in the red ant Myrmica rubra" and published by Oscar Vaes and Claire Detrain</p>
Locus Coeruleus firing patterns selectively modulate brain activity and dynamics
<p>This dataset supports the manuscript entitled 'Locus Coeruleus firing patterns selectively modulate brain activity and dynamics' (https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.29.505672). Please refer to this manuscript for detailed information. </p> <p>The dataset contains a total of 81 functional (GE-BOLD) and 30 anatomical (T1-weighted) scans of ChR2-expressing C57BL/6-Tg(<em>Dbh</em>-iCre)1Gsc mice in NIFTI format, multiplied by 10. Mice were optogenetically stimulated with blue light in the right Locus Coeruleus in a 3Hz tonic, 5Hz tonic, and 15Hz burst pattern. Sham stimulation entailed red light stimulation at a 5Hz tonic frequency. The 'StimulationProtocol' text file specifies the precise onset (in seconds, minus 10 seconds for dummy scans) and duration (in seconds) of the different optogenetic stimulation protocols during a 1440 seconds functional scan. The 'SubjectDetails' file lists the subject IDs, their gender, their genotype, the stimulation type of functional scans, and their associated anatomical scan.</p>
Spatial patterns and effects of invasive plants on soil microbial activity and diversity along river corridors - raw data
<p>environmental data, plant community data, CLPP profiles, microbial activity data</p>
Data for publication: "Plasma-Activated Polydimethylsiloxane Microstructured Pattern with Collagen for Improved Myoblast Cell Guidance"
<p>Abstract</p> <p>We focused on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a substrate for replication, micropatterning, and construction of biologically active surfaces. The novelty of this study is based on the combination of the argon plasma exposure of a micropatterned PDMS scaffold, where the plasma served as a strong tool for subsequent grafting of collagen coatings and their application as cell growth scaffolds, where the standard was significantly exceeded. As part of the scaffold design, templates with a patterned microstructure of different dimensions (50 × 50, 50 × 20, and 30 × 30 μm2) were created by photolithography followed by pattern replication on a PDMS polymer substrate. Subsequently, the prepared microstructured PDMS replicas were coated with a type I collagen layer. The sample preparation was followed by the characterization of material surface properties using various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To evaluate the biocompatibility of the produced samples, we conducted studies on the interactions between selected polymer replicas and micro- and nanostructures and mammalian cells. Specifically, we utilized mouse myoblasts (C2C12), and our results demonstrate that we achieved excellent cell alignment in conjunction with the development of a cytocompatible surface. Consequently, the outcomes of this research contribute to an enhanced comprehension of surface properties and interactions between structured polymers and mammalian cells. The use of periodic microstructures has the potential to advance the creation of novel materials and scaffolds in tissue engineering. These materials exhibit exceptional biocompatibility and possess the capacity to promote cell adhesion and growth.</p> <p> </p>
Figure 2 in Seasonal pattern of population dynamics, spawning activities, and diet composition of sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum) in the eastern Adriatic Sea
Figure 2. Monthly oscillation of the mean sardine length (TL, cm) collected by commercial purse seiners during 2013 (February–November 2013) on Croatian fishing grounds.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.