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375 results for “Boreal forests”
Data from: Impacts of dead-wood manipulation on the biodiversity of temperate and boreal forests - A systematic review
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Data from: Vertebrate scavenging dynamics differ between carnivore and herbivore carcasses in the northern boreal forest
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NPP Boreal Forest: Siberian Scots Pine Forests, Russia, 1968-1974, R1
This data set contains two files (comma-separated-value format). One file provides components of net primary productivity, standing biomass, age and stand structure, and litterfall data for 11 stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in the Tomsk Region of Russia (approx. 58 N 83 E). The second file contains data for the same types of variables for three stands of Scots pine in the Irkutsk Region of Siberia (approx. 53 N 103 E). Field measurements were made in 0.3-0.4 ha forest plots between 1968 and 1974. The forest plots range in age from 25 to 122 years old. Tree biomass was determined from volume and density measurements and selective harvest. Understory and ground cover was harvested in 0.25m2 plots. Root mass has determined from harvested trees and soil monoliths. Wood increment was measured from annual rings. Root production was based on species-specific turnover rates. Leaf litterfall was measured in 0.5-1.0 m2 traps, and branch litterfall was estimated from 4.0 m2 plots. Revision Notes: The NPP data file has been split into two files, one for the Tomask forests and one for the Irkutsk forests. The data files have been revised to rearrange columns, add a total ANPP column, and correct previously reported data, where needed. Please see the Data Set Revisions section of this document for detailed information. The Net Primary Productivity (NPP) data collection contains field measurements of biomass, estimated NPP, and climate data for terrestrial grassland, tropical forest, temperate forest, boreal forest, and tundra sites worldwide. Data were compiled from the published literature for intensively studied and well-documented individual field sites and from a number of previously compiled multi-site, multi-biome data sets of georeferenced NPP estimates. The principal compilation effort (Olson et al., 2001) was sponsored by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program. For more information, please visit the NPP web site at http://daac.ornl.gov/NPP/npp_home.html.
Siberian Boreal Forest Aboveground Biomass and Fire Scar Maps, Russia, 1969-2007
This data set provides 30-meter resolution mapped estimates of Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) aboveground biomass (AGB), circa 2007, and a map of burn perimeters for 116 forest fires that occurred from 1966-2007. The data cover ~100,000 km2 of the Kolyma River Basin in northeastern Siberia, Sakha Republic, Russia.
NPP Boreal Forest: Jadraas, Sweden, 1973-1983, R1
This data set contains three files (.txt format). Two of the files contain stand characteristics, above- and below-ground biomass, and above- and below-ground production allocation data for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests near Jädraås, Sweden. One file is for a young regenerating forest (14-20 years old) and the other is for an old-growth forest (120-125 years old). The field measurements were made by destructive and non-destructive methods between 1973 and 1983. The third file contains climate data recorded at the Jädraås site from 1974 through 1990.The research was conducted under the auspices of SWECON (Swedish Coniferous Forest Biome) Project to enhance understanding of plant biomass dynamics and factors regulating plant growth. Most of the research concerned plant and vegetation processes, but particular interest was also given to soil processes, consumption processes, and energy and water exchange in the canopy and the soil.Total net primary production (NPP) in the young forest was estimated at 860 g/m2/year (above-ground = 372 g/m2/year; below-ground = 488 g/m2/year). NPP for the old-growth forest was not calculated; however, the data set contains estimates of branch and trunk growth (43 g/m2/year and 106 g/m2/year, respectively), annual litterfall (135-162 g/m2/year), needle grazing loss (1.55 g/m2/year), fine tree root production (188 g/m2/year), and understory root production (30 g/m2/year).Revision Notes: The NPP data file has been split into two files, one for the young regenerating forest and one for old-growth forest. The data files have been revised to correct previously reported data and information and to add new data from published sources. Please see the ORNL DAAC Data Set Change Information file for more information.
BOREAS TE-09 in Situ Diurnal Gas Exchange of NSA Boreal Forest Stands
The gas exchange data of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Northern Study Area (NSA) were collected to characterize diurnal gas exchange and water potential of two canopy levels of five boreal canopy cover types: young and old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), old aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), and lowland and upland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B.S.P.). These data were collected between 27-May-1994 and 17-Sep-1994. The purpose of this study was threefold: 1) to provide in situ gas exchange data that will be used to validate models of photosynthetic responses to light, temperature, and carbon dioxide (CO2); 2) to compare the photosynthetic responses of different tree crown levels (upper and lower), and 3) to characterize the diurnal water potential curves for these sites to get an indication of the extent to which soil moisture supply to leaves might be limiting photosynthesis.
Fire Intensity and Burn Severity Metrics for Circumpolar Boreal Forests, 2001-2013
This data set provides products characterizing immediate and longer-term ecosystem changes from fires in the circumpolar boreal forests of Northern Eurasia and North America. The data include fire intensity (fire radiative power; FRP), increase in spring albedo, decrease in tree cover, normalized burn ratio, normalized difference vegetation index, and land surface temperature, as well as three derived fire metrics: crown scorch, vegetation destruction, and fire-induced tree mortality. Longer-term changes are indicated by mean albedo determined 5-12 years after fires, mean percent decrease in tree cover 5-7 years after fires, and mean annual burned percentage. The data cover the period 2001-2013 and are provided at quarter, half, and one degree resolutions for boreal forests within the 40 to 80 degree North circumpolar region. The data were derived from a variety of sources including MODIS products, climate reanalysis data, and forest inventories. A data file with identified boreal forest area (pixels), as defined by climate and vegetation type, and a file with the defined North American and Eurasian boreal forest study regions are included.
ABoVE: Characterization of Burned and Unburned Boreal Forest Stands, SK, Canada, 2016
This dataset provides the results of field measurements and estimates of carbon stocks and combustion rates that characterize burned and unburned southern boreal forest stands near the La Ronge and Weyakwin communities in central Saskatchewan (SK), Canada. Measurements were completed in 2016 at 47 stands that burned in the 2015 Saskatchewan wildfires (Egg, Philion, and Brady) and at 32 unburned stands in comparable adjacent areas. Stands were characterized through field observations and sampling of the vegetative community (i.e., tree species, abundance, and biophysical measurements, stand age, coarse woody debris, history of fires or logging), soils (i.e., soil moisture class, unburned and burned soil organic layer depth, samples for bulk density and carbon analyses), and basic landscape geophysical traits. From these results, the pre-fire carbon stocks and carbon combustion values from both the above- and below-ground pools were estimated using a combination of linear and mixed-effects modeling and were calibrated against carbons stocks from the unburned stands. Estimates of uncertainty were generated for above- and below-ground carbon stocks and combustion values using a Monte Carlo framework paired with classic uncertainty propagation techniques.
NPP Boreal Forest: Mississagi, Canada, 1969-1973, R1
This data set contains two files (.txt format) for study sites in the Mississagi River area of Ontario, Canada (46.35 N -83.38 W elevation 860 m). One file summarizes the results of a series of investigations on the nutrition of jack pine ecosystems, including stand characteristics, above-ground biomass, and where available, litterfall amount and nutrient content of vegetation, litterfall, and soil horizons. Field data were collected in three jack pine (Pinus banksiana) study plots between 1969 and 1973. The stands were 20, 30, and 65 years of age. The second file contains climate data recorded at two weather stations near the Mississagi sites. Precipitation data were obtained from Saulte Sainte Marie, Michigan, USA (46.5 N -84.4 W elevation 218 m) and temperature data were obtained from Saulte Sainte Marie, Ontario, Canada (46.5 N -84.5 W elevation 188 m). Net primary productivity (NPP) was not directly measured, but is estimated based on above-ground tree growth and litterfall. For the different aged stands, above-ground tree growth was estimated at 262 g/m2/yr (0-20 years), 289 g/m2/yr (20-30 years), and 93 g/m2/yr (30-65 years). Annual tree litter production for the 30-year-old stand averaged 372.9 g/m2/yr over the course of 3 years. Understory litterfall production for the 30-year-old stand in one year was 33.1 g/m2/yr. Revision Notes: The NPP and climate data files for Mississagi have been revised to correct previously reported temporal coverage and litterfall data. Please see the Data Set Revisions section of this document for detailed information.
NPP Boreal Forest: Schefferville, Canada, 1974, R1
This data set contains two files (.txt format). One file provides above- and below-ground biomass, soil, and nutrient data for a mature boreal ecosystem (subarctic Picea mariana/lichen woodland) near Schefferville, Canada (54.72 N, -67.70) for the 1974 growing season. The second data file contains climate data (precipitation amount and maximum/minimum temperature) from a weather station located 22 km northeast of the study site for the 1948-1990 period. The black spruce/lichen woodland is a vegetation type found in the transitional zone between boreal forest and tundra on well-drained, nutrient-poor podzolic soils. These spruce/lichen woodlands are generally not subject to attack by herbivory, but natural fires are common. The study forest was estimated to be 110 years old, based on annual tree ring data which showed the number of years since it was last burned. Biomass estimates were determined by harvesting trees, shrubs, and ground cover in the 0.2 ha study plot. To confirm the "typical" nature of the site, species composition and density were evaluated for the principal plot and compared to that of fifteen other plots. Organic and mineral soils were also extracted. The plant and soil samples were evaluated for nutrient and mineral content. Living tree, shrub, and lichen components contributed a total biomass of 2,636, 833, and 939 g/m2, respectively. NPP was estimated by the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to be about 340 g/m2/yr. Revision Notes: Only the documentation for this data set has been modified. The data files have been checked for accuracy and are identical to those originally published in 2001.
Post-fire Recovery of Soil Organic Layer Carbon in Canadian Boreal Forests, 2015-2018
This dataset provides site moisture, soil organic layer thickness, soil organic carbon, nonvascular plant functional group, stand dominance, ecozone, time-after-fire, jack pine proportion, and deciduous proportion for 511 forested plots spanning ~140,000 km2 across two ecozones of the Northwest Territories, Canada (NWT). The plots were established during 2015-2018 across 41 wildfire scars and unburned areas (no burn history prior to 1965), with 317 plots in the Plains and 194 plots in the Shield regions. At each plot, two adjacent 30-m transects were established 2 m apart, running north from the plot origin. Soil organic layer (SOL) depth (cm) was measured every 3 m and the mean was taken from the 10 measurements to calculate a plot-level SOL thickness. Three soil organic layer profiles were destructively sampled at 0, 12, and 24 m using a corer that was custom designed for NWT soils. Within the transects, all stems taller than 1.37 m were identified to species to calculate tree density (stems / m2). Nonvascular plant percent cover was identified to functional group at five, 1-m2 quadrats spaced 6 m apart along the belt transect. A subset of 2,067 of 5,137 total increments from 1,803 profiles from 421 plots were analyzed for total percent C using a CHN analyzer. Time-after-fire was established using fire history records. For older plots where no known fire history is recorded, tree age was used. Data are for the period 2015-06-11 to 2018-08-24 and are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) format.
NPP Boreal Forest: Consistent Worldwide Site Estimates, 1965-1995, R1
This data set provides estimates of above- and below-ground biomass, above- and below-ground NPP (ANPP and BNPP), and total NPP(TNPP) for selected North American and Eurasian boreal forests located between 66.37 degrees N and 47.5 degrees N. Each stand was selected through a review of published literature and classified into one of three classes, depending upon completeness of NPP budget, ancillary site data, and stand information. Within the overall 1965-1995 temporal range, data available for individual sites varies widely.There are two ASCII files (comma-separated-value format) of NPP data.• The first file provides carbon distribution in above- and below-ground vegetation biomass, above- and below-ground net primary production, and mean annual biomass increment for twenty-four (24) Class I sites which have complete NPP budgets (ANPP + BNPP). Information about site characteristics and NPP measurement approaches are also provided.• The second file provides stand information, carbon distribution in above-ground vegetation biomass, and ANPP data for forty-five (45) Class II boreal forest stands that have incomplete NPP budgets. Revision Notes:Above- and below-ground biomass, ANPP, and TNPP values for several sites have been corrected to agree with primary published sources and related data sets. The temporal coverage for both has been corrected to agree with primary published sources. Please see the Data Set Revision section of this document for detailed information.
NACP Soil Organic Matter of Burned Boreal Black Spruce Forests, Alaska, 2009-2011
This data set provides organic soil layer characteristics, estimated carbon content, and soil depth measurements made at four black spruce stands in interior Alaska that had burned twice in the last 37-52 years (intermediate-interval fire events). The most recent fires occurred in 2004, 2005, and 2010. Measurements of soil depth and distance from the adventitious roots to the soil, and total organic matter are also included for unburned black spruce sites adjacent to the burned sites dominated by live, intermediate-aged (~37-52 years) black spruce trees.
NPP Boreal Forest: Canal Flats, Canada, 1984, R1
This data set contains two files (.txt). One file contains stand characteristics, soil characteristics, biomass distribution, and production allocation data measured during the 1984 growing season in four lodgepole pine stands (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) located near Canal Flats, British Columbia, Canada (50.2 N -115.5 W Elevation 1,300-1,380 m). The second file contains climate data from a nearby weather station at Kananaskis Boundary, Alberta (50.98 N -115.12 W Elevation 1,463 m). Two lodgepole pine stands were growing on xeric sites and two stands were growing on mesic sites. The stands were 70-78 years old, were unmanaged, and had regenerated naturally following wildfire. They were studied to determine the influence of soil water content on resource allocation to above-ground versus below-ground plant components. Above-ground NPP of the two xeric stands was 350 and 330 g/m2/yr, and below-ground NPP was 430 and 630 g/m2/yr, respectively, giving a range of total NPP from 780 to 960 g/m2/yr. ANPP of the two mesic stands was 640 and 740 g/m2/yr, and BNPP was 550 and 450 g/m2/yr, respectively, giving total NPP of 1,190 g/m2/yr in each case. Although the ANPP of the mesic stands was approximately double that of the two xeric stands, total NPP was only 36% greater for the mesic stands than for the xeric stands. Production allocation was in the following order: fine and small roots > stems > foliage > coarse roots > branches, for all but the wettest site, where stem production exceeded fine and small root production. Revision Notes: This data set has been revised to correct the sampling date (month) when above-ground biomass samples were collected. Please see the Data Set Revisions section of this document for detailed information.
Arctic Boreal Annual Burned Area, Circumpolar Boreal Forest and Tundra, V2, 2002-2022
This dataset provides annual cumulative end-of-season burned area in circumpolar boreal forests and tundra for the years 2002-2022. The data were generated using the Arctic Boreal Burned Area (ABBA) version 2 algorithm with MODIS collection 6 products. The algorithm is based on Normalized Burned Ratio differencing (dNBR) and is designed specifically to capture late season fires. The annual MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) 250-m Collection 5.1 (MOD44B) product allowed for additional vegetation-dependent dNBR thresholds within the algorithm's processing steps. The spatial domain is circumpolar regions above 50 degrees north latitude. The data are provided in cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format with 463-m resolution.
ABoVE: Landsat Vegetation Greenness Trends, Boreal Forest Biome, 1985-2019
This dataset provides information on interannual trends in annual maximum vegetation greenness from 1985 to 2019 for recently undisturbed areas in the boreal forest biome. Multi-decadal changes in remotely sensed vegetation greenness provide evidence of an emerging boreal biome shift driven by climate warming. Annual maximum vegetation greenness was assessed at about 100,000 random sample locations using an ensemble of spectral vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI2, kNDVI, and NIRv) derived from Landsat products. The dataset provides raster data summarizing vegetation greenness trends for sample locations stratified by Ecological Land Unit in GeoTIFF format. These raster data span the circum-hemispheric boreal forest biome between 45 to 70 degrees north at 300 m resolution. Estimates of uncertainty were generated using Monte Carlo simulations. Interannual trends in annual maximum vegetation greenness from 1985 to 2019 and 2000 to 2019 are provided for sample locations with adequate data for time series analysis; these data are in comma-separated values (CSV) format.
Impacts of Wildfires on Boreal Forest Ecosystem Carbon Dynamics
This dataset contains simulations of net primary production (NPP), heterotrophic respiration (RH), net ecosystem production (NEP), and soil temperature data in North American boreal forests for the period 1986-2020. Data sources included historical fire sources and Landsat data. The delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR), which can be used to represent burn severity for a fire, was calculated for each individual fire over the time period. The interactions between canopy, fire and soil thermal dynamics were modelled using a soil surface energy balance model incorporated into a previous Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM). Using the revised TEM, two regional simulations were conducted with and without fire disturbance. Fire polygons were dissected into each unit with unique fire history and then intersected with each grid cell to measure fire impacts. The output values for each grid cell are the area-weighted mean of each fire polygon and unburned area within the cell. Two extra simulations without a canopy energy balance scheme were also conducted to quantify the impact of the canopy. Soil temperature was simulated with and without the canopy energy balance scheme in the model in addition to considering fire impacts. The data are provided in comma separated values (CSV) format.
LiDAR-based Biomass Estimates, Boreal Forest Biome, Eurasia, 2005-2006
This data set provides estimates of aboveground biomass (AGB) for defined land cover types within World Wildlife Fund (WWF) ecoregions across the boreal biome of eastern and western Eurasia, roughly between 50 and 70 degrees N. The study focused on within-growing-season data, i.e. leaf-on conditions.The AGB estimates were derived from a series of models that first related ground-based measured biomass to airborne data collected with an Optech Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper (ALTM) 3100, and a second set of models that related the airborne estimates of biomass to Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) LiDAR canopy structure measurements. The ground, airborne, and GLAS measurements were used to formulate the models needed to generate biomass predictions for western Eurasia. Eastern Eurasia employed a two-phase approach relating field measurements directly to the GLAS measurements without the airborne intermediary. The GLAS LiDAR biomass estimates were extrapolated by land cover types and ecoregions across the entire biome area.The study compiled remotely sensed forest structure data collected in June of 2005 and 2006 from the GLAS LiDAR instrument aboard the NASA Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation (ICESat) satellite and from an Optech Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper (ALTM) 3100 airborne instrument flown in Southeast Norway over both the ground plots and the ICESat GLAS flight path. For a consistent biome-level analysis, ecoregions contained within the boreal forest biome were identified by the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) ecoregion map of the world (Olson et al., 2001). MODIS MOD12Q1 land cover products (2004) were used to identify land cover types for stratification purposes within eco-regions. The ground-based measurements are not provided with this data set.
NPP Boreal Forest: Flakaliden, Sweden, 1986-1996, R1
This data set contains three files (.txt format) for an established 8.25 ha boreal forest dominated by Norway spruce, Picea abies, at Flakaliden (64.12 N 19.45 E) in northern Sweden. Two data files contain stand characteristics, above- and below-ground biomass, and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) allocation data (one file for plots fertilized and irrigated during the growing season and one file for control plots). The third file provides climate data for the period 1991-1995 from a weather station established at the study site. The experimental forest was established in 1963 by planting 4-year-old P. abies seedlings after clear-felling, burning, and soil scarification. A yield optimization study was started in 1986 to compare the productivity of the boreal forest under four types of treatment (only the results of fertilization/irrigation and no treatment are presented herein). Treatments began in 1987 and continued through the 1996 growing season. Field measurements were made by inventory and harvest methods. After three years of treatment, height and diameter growth in the fertilized/irrigated stands were double that of the control stand. After 10 years, volume growth of fertilized/irrigated stands were almost four times that of the control. Total net primary production (TNPP) of the 36-year-old untreated stand in 1995 was 291 g/m2/year. TNPP in the fertilized/irrigated stand (902 g/m2/year) was more than three times that of the control, confirming earlier findings that nutrient availability is a major constraint on forest production in Sweden.
Russian Boreal Forest Disturbance Maps Derived from Landsat Imagery, 1984-2000
This data set provides Boreal forest disturbance maps at 30-m resolution for 55 selected sites across Northern Eurasia within the Russian Federation. Disturbance events were derived from selected high-quality multi-year time series of Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus images (stacks) over the 1984 to 2000 time period. Forest pixels were classified by year of latest disturbance or as undisturbed.
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