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2,444 results for “Color”
FIG. 4. — A in The use of photographic color information for highthroughput phenotyping of pigment composition in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Ohmi) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq
FIG. 4. — A, After color correction procedures, color values estimated for four areas on the color card (i.e., black, white, red, and blue swatches) included in each photograph showed no significant differences among light condition groups (shapes); B, After color correction using values standardized using a color card, color traits (RGB values analyzed with PCA) were more similar within thallus (numbered clusters) than among light conditions (shapes), with a few exceptions. C, Centroids estimated for each thallus (numbered clusters) and light condition (shape and color) combination showed that some light conditions could be effectively standardized with color correction procedures (e.g. blue, direct sunlight, and white light), whereas thalli photographed under other conditions showed different color profiles even after correction (e.g. indirect sunlight (triangles), and to a lesser extend yellow light (boxed Xs).
FIG. 2 in The use of photographic color information for highthroughput phenotyping of pigment composition in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Ohmi) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq
FIG. 2. — Principal components of variation for: A, R, G, and B values; B, pigment variables. Arrow directions indicate the association of each variable to PC 1 and PC 2. Arrow length indicates the relative strength of the contribution of each variable. Point color reflects the average color of each thallus; C, the major axis of variation in pigments (PC1) is best predicted by a combination of color PC1 and PC2. The dashed line represents predicted values when PC2 is low, compared to when PC2 is high (solid line); D, pigment variation along PC2 is best predicted by color variation along PC2.
FIG. 1 in The use of photographic color information for highthroughput phenotyping of pigment composition in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Ohmi) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq
FIG. 1. — Agarophyton vermiculophyllum color variation. Photographs used for color information arranged (from top left) in rank order of increasing hue value. Lower right panel shows the color of the average RGB values estimated from each image. Labels indicated the region and site of origin for each thallus. Diameter of dish in each image is 100 mm.
FIG. 3 in The use of photographic color information for highthroughput phenotyping of pigment composition in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Ohmi) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq
FIG. 3. — Examples of images taken of the same thallus and color card under five light conditions (left column), and those same images after white balancing (right column). Width of the color card in each image is 178 mm.
Color as an interspecific badge of status: a comparative test
<p>Animals as diverse as cephalopods, insects, fish, and mammals signal their social dominance to conspecifics to avoid costly fights. Even though between-species fights may be equally costly, the extent to which dominance signals are used between species is unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that differences in color are associated with dominance between closely related species that aggressively interact over resources, examining between-species variation in colors that are used in within-species badges of status (black, white, and carotenoid coloration) in a comparative analysis of diverse species of birds. We found that dominant species have more black, on average, than subordinate species, particularly in regions important for aggressive signaling (face, throat, and bill). In addition, dominant species were more likely to have more black in comparisons in which the dominant species was not larger than the subordinate species, suggesting a greater importance of black as a signal when other signals of dominance (size) are missing. Carotenoid colors (i.e., red, pink, yellow, and orange) were not generally associated with dominance across all species but may signal dominance in some taxonomic groups. White appeared to have opposing functions in dominance signaling: white was associated with dominance in species in which black was also associated with dominance, but was associated with subordinance in species in which carotenoid-based dominance signals may be used. Overall, these results provide new evidence that colors may function broadly as signals of dominance among competing species. Such signals could help to mediate aggressive interactions among species, thereby reducing some costs of co-occurrence and facilitating coexistence in nature.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Color reflectance
<p>Color reflectance data were measured on section halves using an integration sphere and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer mounted on the Section Half Multisensor Logger (SHMSL). Spectral counts are recorded in the range of 380 to 700 nm, covering the visible spectrum, and binned in ~2 nm bins. Spectral data are reduced from spectra and recorded in tristimulus XYZ values, CieLAB L*a*b* values, and other units.</p>
Photonic amorphous I-WP networks create angle-independent colors in Sternotomis virescens longhorn beetles
<p>Datasets supporting the manuscript "Photonic amorphous I-WP-like networks create angle-independent colors in <em>Sternotomis virescens</em> longhorn beetles" (DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202302720).</p> <p>Datasets are named according to the corresponding figures and contain raw data, with data related to each panel located in sub-folders named according to the panel. Further information about the data is found in README files for the entire dataset and each folder.</p>
Data from: Vascularization underlies differences in sexually selected skin coloration in a wild primate
<p>Male reproductive competition can select for condition-dependent, conspicuous traits that signal some aspect of fighting ability and facilitate assessment of potential rivals. However, the underlying mechanisms that link the signal to a male's current condition are difficult to investigate in wild populations. In this study, we used digital photographs and chest skin samples to investigate mechanisms of a visual signal used in male competition in a wild primate, the red chest patch in geladas (<em>Theropithecus</em> <em>gelada</em>) in the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. We analyzed photographs collected during natural and anesthetized conditions to understand variability in male and female chest redness, and we used chest skin biopsies to explore sex differences in gene expression. Male and female geladas showed similar average redness, but males exhibited a wider within-individual range in redness under natural conditions. These sex differences were reflected at the molecular level, with 10.5% of genes exhibiting significant sex differences in expression. Subadult males exhibited intermediate expression patterns between adult males and females, pointing to mechanisms underlying the development of the red chest patch. We found that genes more highly expressed in males were associated with blood vessel development and maintenance but not with androgen or estrogen activity. Together, our results suggest male gelada redness variability is driven by increased blood vessel branching in the chest skin, providing a potential link between male chest redness and current condition as increased blood circulation to exposed skin could lead to heat loss in the cold, high-altitude environment of geladas.</p>
IODP Expedition 369 Color reflectance
<p>Color reflectance data were measured on section halves using an integration sphere and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer mounted on the Section Half Multisensor Logger (SHMSL). Spectral counts are recorded in the range of 380 to 700 nm, covering the visible spectrum, and binned in ~2 nm bins. Spectral data are reduced from spectra and recorded in tristimulus XYZ values, CieLAB L*a*b* values, and other units.</p>
Data from: Predictive links between petal color and pigment quantities in natural Penstemon hybrids
<p class="MsoNormal">Flowers have evolved remarkable diversity in petal color, in large part due to pollinator-mediated selection. This diversity arises from specialized metabolic pathways that generate conspicuous pigments. Despite the clear link between flower color and floral pigment production, studies determining predictive relationships between pigmentation and petal color are currently lacking. In this study, we analyze a dataset consisting of hundreds of natural <em>Penstemon</em> hybrids that exhibit variation in flower color, including blue, purple, pink, and red. For each individual hybrid, we measured anthocyanin pigment content and petal spectral reflectance. We found that floral pigment quantities are correlated with hue, chroma, and brightness as calculated from petal spectral reflectance data: hue is related to the relative amounts of delphinidin vs. pelargonidin pigmentation, whereas brightness and chroma are correlated with the total anthocyanin pigmentation. We used a partial least squares regression approach to identify predictive relationships between pigment production and petal reflectance. We find that pigment quantity data provide robust predictions of petal reflectance, confirming a pervasive assumption that differences in pigmentation should predictably influence flower color. Moreover, we find that reflectance data enables accurate inferences of pigment quantities, where the full reflectance spectra provide much more accurate inference of pigment quantities than spectral attributes (brightness, chroma, and hue). Our predictive framework provides readily interpretable model coefficients relating spectral attributes of petal reflectance to underlying pigment quantities. These relationships represent key links between genetic changes affecting anthocyanin production and ecological functions of petal coloration.</p>
EEG recordings comprising evoked potentials related to attention to colored laminar stimuli
<p>Here we provide EEG (electroencephalogram) data recorded during BCI (brain-computer interface) control. The BCI was intended for the decoding of binary decisions from a series of colored laminar stimuli. The decoding task is to determine to which of the simultaneously presented items the participant shifted his/her attention. By determining the visual field a subject's attention was shifted to, the intended target color can be determined.<br> 14 participants were presented with 144 sequences of ten visual stimuli in which a red and a green surface was simultaneously illuminated in opposite visual hemifields. Participants associated the green stimulus with the word "yes" and the red with the word "no" while responding to the question whether an auditorily presented number was even or not. They communicated their response only by directing their attention to the respective surface, while fixating their visual gaze on a cross in the center of the stimulus device. The online decoded response was presented as feedback auditorily by a female voice saying the words "yes" or "no".</p>
Figure 2 in Multiple colors in anteaters: review and description of chromatic disorders in Tamandua (Xenarthra: Pilosa) with reports of new and rare coat colorations
Figure 2. Record of the two erythristic individuals in the same tree and without agonistic behavior. (A) individual 1 climbing the tree, (B, C) individuals 1 and 2 seeing each other, (D, E) individual 1 and 2 moving towards each other (photographs taken by Canopy Family staff).
Figure 3 in Multiple colors in anteaters: review and description of chromatic disorders in Tamandua (Xenarthra: Pilosa) with reports of new and rare coat colorations
Figure 3. Distribution of chromatic disorders in Tamandua in Central and South America. (A) record locations of all chromatic disorders, (B) albinism and leucism, (C) xanthochromism and partial xanthochromism, (D) melanism, partial melanism, "brown" and partial "brown", (E) erythrism.
Figure 1 in Multiple colors in anteaters: review and description of chromatic disorders in Tamandua (Xenarthra: Pilosa) with reports of new and rare coat colorations
Figure 1. Chromatic disorders in Tamandua: (A) Melanism (by javatru), (B) Partial melanism (by shrike2), (C) Xanthochromism (by pfaucher), (D) Partial xanthochromism (by kenchamberlain), (E) "Brown" variation (by chartuso), (F) Leucism (More et al. 2021), (G) Albinism (Ríos et al. 2019), (H) Erythrism (by Slifkin). A–F originally published on iNaturalist.
Figure 5 in Influence of color and brightness on ontogenetic shelter preference by the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Figure 5. Preference for shelters of different colors by juvenile and adult prawns. The bars represent the number of records of occupancy for each shelter. Black bars represent shelters that were chosen significantly above the expectancy level. Grey bars represent shelters chosen at expected frequencies. The white bar represents a shelter chosen significantly below expectancy levels.
Figure 4 in Influence of color and brightness on ontogenetic shelter preference by the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Figure 4. Chromaticity-luminance diagram for the visual system of prawns. Inferred chromatic and achromatic signals, determined for a perfectly white surface (asterisk depicted in the diagram) and for shelters employed in our experiments (squares), are represented. Distance between squares indicates color and brightness differences in chromatic and achromatic signal axes, respectively. Short λ = short wavelengths (e.g. blues), Long λ = long wavelengths (e.g. yellows).
Figure 3 in Influence of color and brightness on ontogenetic shelter preference by the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Figure 3. Illuminant spectrum of the experimental room. Illumination was provided by two fluorescent lamps.
Figure 2 in Influence of color and brightness on ontogenetic shelter preference by the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Figure 2. Reflectance spectra of experimental shelters. The reflectance of each curve is represented as a percentage, compared to the maximum reflectance of the most reflective curve. Each curve is represented approximately the same color as the respective shelter.
Figure 1 in Influence of color and brightness on ontogenetic shelter preference by the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Figure 1. Schematic view of the arrangement of shelters in an experimental aquarium. The prawns were individually tested in aquaria with 10 colored shelters arranged in two rows of five.
IODP Expedition 382 Color reflectance
<p>Color reflectance data were measured on section halves using an integration sphere and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer mounted on the Section Half Multisensor Logger (SHMSL). Spectral counts are recorded in the range of 380 to 700 nm, covering the visible spectrum, and binned in ~2 nm bins. Spectral data are reduced from spectra and recorded in tristimulus XYZ values, CieLAB L*a*b* values, and other units.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.