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FIGURE 4 in Resolving the conflictive phylogenetic relationships of Oceanites (Oceanitidae: Procellariiformes) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 4. Distribution of average scores between PC1 and PC2 axes of morphological variation between species/subspecies of Oceanites genera. Ellipses represent 75% of the variation.

FIGURE 1 in Resolving the conflictive phylogenetic relationships of Oceanites (Oceanitidae: Procellariiformes) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic hypotheses of the genus Oceanites in previous treatments compared with this work. a) Morphological classification suggested by Clements et al. (2023) and Remsen et al. (2023). Remsen et al. (2023) only consider species, not subspecies. b) Morphological classification suggested by Howell & Zufelt (2019). c) Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis of Oceanites genus presented in the results of this study, based on the maximum credibility tree estimated from Cytb sequences. Colors represent the similarities between taxonomic proposals.

FIGURE 2 in Resolving the conflictive phylogenetic relationships of Oceanites (Oceanitidae: Procellariiformes) with the description of a new species

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Oceanites based on BEAST from Cytb gene. Numbers on nodes are posterior probability values from the Bayesian analysis. Outgroups are not shown. Inset illustration Oceanites pincoyae from Handbook of the Birds of the World.

FIGURE S6 in Resolving the conflictive phylogenetic relationships of Oceanites (Oceanitidae: Procellariiformes) with the description of a new species

FIGURE S6. Side view of live individuals of Oceanites barrosi sp. nov. captured by Rodrigo Barros in Río Blanco, Los Andes province, Valparaíso Region, Chile (latitude 32°54'S, longitude 70°18'W, elevation 1,400 m), on 9 January 2022. The number in the photo identifies the captured specimen

FIGURE S5 in Resolving the conflictive phylogenetic relationships of Oceanites (Oceanitidae: Procellariiformes) with the description of a new species

FIGURE S5. Ventral view of live individuals of Oceanites barrosi sp. nov. captured by Rodrigo Barros in Río Blanco, Los Andes province, Valparaíso Region, Chile (latitude 32°54'S, longitude 70°18'W, elevation 1,400 m), on 9 January 2022. The number in the photo identifies the captured specimen.

FIGURE S4 in Resolving the conflictive phylogenetic relationships of Oceanites (Oceanitidae: Procellariiformes) with the description of a new species

FIGURE S4. Wing views of live individuals of Oceanites barrosi sp. nov. captured by Rodrigo Barros in Río Blanco, Los Andes province, Valparaíso Region, Chile (latitude 32°54'S, longitude 70°18'W, elevation 1,400 m), on 9 January 2022. The number in the photo identifies the captured specimen

FIGURE S1 in Resolving the conflictive phylogenetic relationships of Oceanites (Oceanitidae: Procellariiformes) with the description of a new species

FIGURE S1. Map with the sampling localities (excluding North America) for the genus Oceanites included in this study. Colored polygons indicate the approximate breeding areas of each taxon.

FIGURE S3 in Resolving the conflictive phylogenetic relationships of Oceanites (Oceanitidae: Procellariiformes) with the description of a new species

FIGURE S3. Partition plot based on linear discriminant function analysis of morphological data of the genus Oceanites.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Dataset for "Francisco Cirelli, Dalal Alrajeh, Sebastian Uchitel. Unavoidable Boundary Conditions: A Control Perspective on Goal Conflicts. In Proceedings of the 47th International Conference on Software Engineering 2025."

This is the experimental data for the paper  Francisco Cirelli, Dalal Alrajeh, Sebastian Uchitel Unavoidable Boundary Conditions: A Control Perspective on Goal Conflicts.  In Proceedings of the 47th International Conference on Software Engineering 2025.  We provide various specifications of reactive synthesis control problems taken from various sources. See paper for more details.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Conflict Resolution (Analyzing Employee Disagreement) at Solidarity for Afghan Families (SAF) Organization, in Afghanistan

This case study examines a conflict resolution incident at Solidarity for Afghan Families (SAF), a non governmental organization dedicated to empowering Afghan families against various socio-economic  challenges. Following a violent altercation between the Director General and the Logistics Manager, both  employees violated SAF's General Employment Conditions (GEC), prompting an investigation by the  Trustees Board. The board's decisions included job demotions, alternative positions, and separation of  work locations, aimed at upholding organizational standards while acknowledging the employees' past  contributions. A reconciliation process followed, where both individuals expressed regret and worked  toward mending their professional relationship, serving as a powerful example for the organization. This  incident underscores the importance of effective conflict resolution in NGOs, demonstrating how  proactive leadership, open communication, and a commitment to organizational values can restore  morale and strengthen team dynamics. The findings highlight the critical role of conflict management in  fostering a collaborative workplace culture essential for achieving SAF's mission of supporting Afghan  families.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Accelerated genome shuffling associated with rapid evolution of sexual conflicts in seed beetles

Accelerated genome shuffling associated with rapid evolution of sexual conflicts in seed beetles

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

SearchSECO License Conflicts Data

Building software relies on utilizing existing code and libraries, many of which are open source and come with an obligation to comply with its license. Non-compliance is considered unethical and opens up the possibility of a legal battle. Current tools to find violations extract license information from text assuming that the licenses are declared for borrowed code. This only works half the time as found by previous studies. Code level license extraction and violation checking is a definite way of determining license compliance for borrowed code, regardless of declaration. We demonstrate this using SearchSECO. We analyzed 3,500 repositories from top software companies to analyze the extent of violations and found around 32,000 violations in total. We then dissect these metrics to understand why these violations are occurring and how they can be mitigated.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Conflicts at work are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease

Background: Only few authors have analyzed the impact of workplace conflicts and the resulting stress on the risk of developing cardiovascular disorders. The goal of this study was to analyze the association between workplace conflicts and cardiovascular disorders in patients treated by German general practitioners. Methods: Patients with an initial documentation of a workplace conflict experience between 2005 and 2014 were identified in 699 general practitioner practices (index date). We included only those that were between the ages of 18 and 65 years, had a follow-up time of at least 180 days after the index date, and had not been diagnosed with angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, coronary heart diseases, or stroke prior to the documentation of the workplace mobbing. In total, this study consisted of 7,374 patients who experienced conflicts and 7,374 controls for analysis. The main outcome measure was the incidence of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and stroke correlated with workplace conflict experiences. Results: After a maximum of five years of follow-up, 2.9% of individuals who experienced workplace conflict were affected by cardiovascular diseases, while only 1.4% were affected in the control group (p-value<0.001). Workplace conflict was associated with a 1.63-fold increase in the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Finally, the impact of workplace conflict was higher for myocardial infarction (OR=2.03) than for angina pectoris (OR=1.79) and stroke (OR=1.56). Conclusions: Overall, we found a significant association between workplace conflicts and cardiovascular disorders.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Unraveling conflicting density- and distance-dependent effects on plant reproduction using a spatially-explicit approach

1. Density- and distance-dependent (DDD) mechanisms are important determinants of plant reproductive success (PRS). Different components of sequential PRS can operate either in the same or in different directions and thus reinforce or neutralize each other, and they may also operate at different spatial scales. Thus, spatially-explicit approaches are needed to detect such complex DDD effects across multiple PRS components and spatial scales. 2. To reveal DDD effects of different components of early PRS of the Iberian pear (Pyrus bourgaeana) sampled over three consecutive years, we used marked point pattern analysis. Our special interest is to identify conflicting processes that regulate populations at different spatial scales, e.g. whether DDD on fruit initiation and on fruit development acted in opposite directions. To evaluate the significance of observed mark correlation functions based on empirical data (e.g. fruiting success) we compared them to expectations given by spatially-explicit null models. 3. Diverse DDD processes affected several aspects of PRS in a variable extent over the three seasons. First, early fruit set was higher for individuals with more neighbors at small distances (i.e. up to 40m). However, late P. bourgaeana fruit set decreased with increasing number of nearby neighbors, but these effects canceled for overall fruit set that did not show DDD effects. Second, the absolute number of fruits produced (crop sizes) by trees showed positive density dependence in 2011 and 2012 but not in 2013. Finally, the total number of seeds produced did not show DDD effects, indicating that conflicting demographic processes can disrupt the initial spatial pattern of tree investment in reproduction. 4. Synthesis: Understanding complex spatial effects of density- and distance-dependent (DDD) processes requires dissection of component processes to attain the complete picture since contrasting DDD processes may be hidden behind a single cumulative measure of reproductive success. The combination of novel and classic mark correlation functions used here constitute a powerful spatially-explicit tool that can be broadly applied to unravel conflicting mechanisms of DDD regulating the persistence of sessile organisms at a range of spatial scales. Our findings help to explain why some authors failed to find expected DDD of PRS and highlight the importance of detailed multi-year field studies on plant reproductive success.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Queen-worker conflict can drive the evolution of social polymorphism and split sex ratios in facultatively eusocial life-cycles

Hamilton's idea that haplodiploidy favors the evolution of altruism – the haplodiploidy hypothesis -- relies on the relatedness asymmetry between the sexes, caused by the sex-specific ploidies. Theoretical work on the consequences of relatedness asymmetries has significantly improved our understanding of sex-allocation and intra-colony conflicts, but the importance of haplodiploidy for the evolution of altruism came to be seen as minor. However, recently it was shown that haplodiploidy can strongly favor the evolution of eusociality, provided additional "preadaptations" are also present, such as the production of multiple broods per season and maternal ability to bias offspring sex ratios. These results were obtained assuming no influence of workers on the sex ratio, even though worker control of the sex ratio is known to occur. Here we model the evolution of sex-specific fratricide as a mechanism of worker control over the sex ratio. We show that fratricide can facilitate the initial evolution of helping. However, fratricide can also hamper the evolution of unconditional help. Instead, social polymorphism evolves, a mixture of helping and dispersing offspring. Finally, we show that the co-evolution of sex-allocation strategies of workers (fratricide) and queens leads to a split production of the sexes, with some colonies specializing in males and others in females. Thus, the model predicts that fratricide spawns a diversity of co-existing life cycles that strongly vary in degree of sociality and sex ratios.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Predation risk shapes the use of conflicting personal risk and social safety information in guppies

When faced with uncertainty, animals can benefit from using multiple sources of information in order to make an optimal decision. However, information sources (e.g., social and personal cues) may conflict, while also varying in acquisition cost and reliability. Here, we assessed behavioral decisions of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), in situ, when presented with conflicting social and personal information about predation risk. We positioned foraging arenas within high- and low-predation streams, where guppies were exposed to a personal cue in the form of conspecific alarm cues (a known indicator of risk), a novel cue, or a control. At the same time, a conspecific shoal (a social safety cue) was either present or absent. When social safety was absent, guppies in both populations showed typical avoidance responses towards alarm cues, and high-predation guppies showed their typical avoidance of novel cues (i.e., neophobia). However, the presence of social safety cues was persuasive, overriding the neophobia of high-predation guppies and emboldening low-predation guppies to ignore alarm cues. Our experiment is one of the first to empirically assess the use of safety and risk cues in prey, and suggests a threshold level of ambient risk which dictates the use of conflicting social and personal information.

opennotspecifiedNov 2014View details →

FIGURE 1. A in Reaching a compromise between conflicting nuclear and plastid phylogenetic trees: a new classification for the genus Cattleya (Epidendreae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae)

FIGURE 1. A comparison of the phylogenetic relationships between subgroups of Cattleya and related genera based on a Bayesian analyses of plastid and ITS sequence data (details of the data collection and analyses presented in van den Berg, 2009). Plastid regions: matK, trnL intron, trnL-F spacer, rps16, both introns of trnK, and atpB-rbcL and psbA-trnH spacers. Nuclear region: ITS.

opennotspecifiedJul 2011View details →

FIGURE 3 in Exploring character conflict in molecular data*

FIGURE 3. Likelihood mapping results for three hypothetical data sets. Each corner of the triangle represents a different phylogenetic hypothesis for the arrangement of four taxa. Figures represent the percentage of dots in each part of the triangle, where dots represent quartets of sequences sampled from an alignment of DNA sequences. In (a) most points cluster in all three corners; in the general approach to likelihood mapping this would represent a dataset with strong phylogenetic signal, in the context of testing a specific hypothesis it would represent a data set in which the results depend on which taxa are sampled from each group. In (b) most points cluster in the middle; in either approach this would represent a data set with little or no phylogenetic signal. In (c) most points cluster in one corner (lower left); this would represent a strong and consistent phylogenetic signal in favour of one particular hypothesis.

opennotspecifiedJul 2011View details →

FIGURE 2. A phylogenetic network for a hypothetical data set. This network represents the relationships between four taxa, A-D in Exploring character conflict in molecular data*

FIGURE 2. A phylogenetic network for a hypothetical data set. This network represents the relationships between four taxa, A-D. The length of branch (a) is proportional to the strength of support for the relationship (A,C)(B,D). The length of branch (b) is proportional to the strength of support for the relationship (A,B)(C,D). In this example there is conflicting support for both of these arrangements, but more weight is given to (A,C)(B,D) than to (A,B)(C,D).