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1,153 results for “Fern”
Data from: Rapid allopolyploid radiation of moonwort ferns (Botrychium ; Ophioglossaceae) revealed by PacBio sequencing of homologous and homeologous nuclear regions
Polyploidy is a major speciation process in vascular plants, and is postulated to be particularly important in shaping the diversity of extant ferns. However, limitations in the availability of bi-parental markers for ferns have greatly limited phylogenetic investigation of polyploidy in this group. With a large number of allopolyploid species, the genus Botrychium is a classic example in ferns where recurrent polyploidy is postulated to have driven frequent speciation events. Here, we use PacBio sequencing and the PURC bioinformatics pipeline to capture all homeologous or allelic copies of four long (∼1kb) low-copy nuclear regions from a sample of 45 specimens (25 diploids and 20 polyploids) representing 37 Botrychium taxa, and three outgroups. This sample includes most currently recognized Botrychium species in Europe and North America, and the majority of our specimens were genotyped with co-dominant nuclear allozymes to ensure species identification. We analyzed the sequence data using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) concatenated-data ("gene tree") approaches to explore the relationships among Botrychium species. Finally, we estimated divergence times among Botrychium lineages and inferred the multi-labeled polyploid species tree showing the origins of the polyploid taxa, and their relationships to each other and to their diploid progenitors. We found strong support for the monophyly of the major lineages within Botrychium and identified most of the parental donors of the polyploids; these results largely corroborate earlier morphological and allozyme-based investigations. Each polyploid had at least two distinct homeologs, indicating that all sampled polyploids are likely allopolyploids (rather than autopolyploids). Our divergence-time analyses revealed that these allopolyploid lineages originated recently—within the last two million years—and thus that the genus has undergone a recent radiation, correlated with multiple independent allopolyploidizations across the phylogeny. Also, we found strong parental biases in the formation of allopolyploids, with individual diploid species participating multiple times as either the maternal or paternal donor (but not both). Finally, we discuss the role of polyploidy in the evolutionary history of Botrychium and the interspecific reproductive barriers possibly involved in these parental biases.
Data from: Can asexuality confer a short term advantage? Investigating apparent biogeographic success in the apomictic triploid fern Myriopteris gracilis
Premise of the study: Although asexual taxa are generally seen as evolutionary dead ends, asexuality appears to provide a short-term benefit in some taxa, including a wider geographic distribution compared to sexual relatives. However, this may be an illusion created by multiple, morphologically cryptic, asexual lineages, each occupying a relatively small area. In this study we investigate the role of multiple lineages in the biogeography of Myriopteris gracilis Fée (Pteridaceae), a North American apomictic triploid fern species with a particularly large range. Methods: Rangewide asexuality was assessed by counting spores/sporangium in 606 M. gracilis specimens from across the species range, and lineage structure was assessed with both plastid DNA sequence and Genotyping By Sequencing (GBS) SNP datasets. Key Results: Spore counting of >600 specimens identified no sexual populations, establishing that M. gracilis is exclusively asexual. The plastid data estimated the crown age of M. gracilis at ca. 2.5 mya and identified two lineages, each largely confined to the eastern or western portions of the range. These groups were further subdivided by the GBS data, revealing at least seven asexual lineages of varying geographic distributions, each occupying a relatively small portion of the total range of M. gracilis. Conclusions: Although maintained exclusively through asexual reproduction, the broad distribution of M. gracilis is a compilation of numerous, independently formed asexual lineages. Since no single asexual lineage occupies the full extent of the species distribution, recurrent lineage formation should be considered when evaluating the short-term benefit of asexuality in this taxon and others.
FIGURES 45 in Whiteflies (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae) colonising ferns (Pteridophyta: Filicopsida), with descriptions of two new Trialeurodes and one new Metabemisia species from southeast Asia
FIGURES 45. Trialeurodes rex Martin sp. nov. (4) puparium, ventral detail to left of line; (5) vasiform orifice and posterior dorsal detail of puparium.
FIGURES 13 in Whiteflies (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae) colonising ferns (Pteridophyta: Filicopsida), with descriptions of two new Trialeurodes and one new Metabemisia species from southeast Asia
FIGURES 13. Trialeurodes bruneiensis Martin sp. nov. (1) puparium, ventral detail to right of line; (2) vasiform orifice and posterior dorsal detail of puparium; (3) thirdinstar larva, ventral detail as inset to right.
FIGURES 67 in Whiteflies (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae) colonising ferns (Pteridophyta: Filicopsida), with descriptions of two new Trialeurodes and one new Metabemisia species from southeast Asia
FIGURES 67. Metabemisia palawana Martin sp. nov. (6) postemergence pupal case with righthand cephalothorax removed to reveal ventral detail; (7) vasiform orifice and posterior dorsal detail of puparium.
Fig. 7 in A remarkable new genus and six new species of fern-inhabiting plant bugs endemic to the Society Islands (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Filicicoris gen. nov.)
Fig. 7. Host plants. (A) Habitat of Nephrolepis hirsulata; (B) habitat of Angiopteris evicta; (C) abdaxial surface of Angiopteris evicta frond. This figure is published in colour in the online edition of this journal, which can be accessed via http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/1876312x.
Fig. 6 in A remarkable new genus and six new species of fern-inhabiting plant bugs endemic to the Society Islands (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Filicicoris gen. nov.)
Fig. 6. Distribution maps. (A) F. huahine, F. meyeri and F. rubramaculus; (B) F. raiatea and F. tatarnici; (C) F. viridis. This figure is published in colour in the online edition of this journal, which can be accessed via http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/1876312x.
Fig. 4 in A remarkable new genus and six new species of fern-inhabiting plant bugs endemic to the Society Islands (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Filicicoris gen. nov.)
Fig. 4. Male genitalia. Filicicoris viridis: (A) aedeagus partly inflated, lateral view; (B) vesica in repose, lateral view; (C) right paramere, dorsal view; (D) left paramere, dorsal view. Genital capsule of F. meyeri: (E) dorsal view; (F) posterior view.
Fig. 5 in A remarkable new genus and six new species of fern-inhabiting plant bugs endemic to the Society Islands (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Filicicoris gen. nov.)
Fig. 5. Dorsal labiate plate, dorsal view. (A) F. huahine; (C) F. meyeri; (E) F. raiatea; (G) F. rubramaculus; (I) F. viridis. Posterior wall of bursa copulatrix, dorsal view: (B) F. huahine; (D) F. meyeri; (F) F. Raiatea; (H) F. rubramaculus; (J) F. viridis.
Fig. 3 in A remarkable new genus and six new species of fern-inhabiting plant bugs endemic to the Society Islands (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Filicicoris gen. nov.)
Fig. 3. Male genitalia. Filicicoris huahine: (A) vesica in repose, lateral view; (B) right paramere, dorsal view; (C) left paramere, dorsal view. F. raiatea: (D) vesica in repose, lateral view; (E) right paramere, dorsal view; (F) left paramere, dorsal view. F. meyeri: (G) aedeagus in repose, lateral view; (H) vesica in repose, lateral view; (I) right paramere, dorsal view; (J) left paramere, dorsal view. F. rubramaculus: (K) vesica in repose, lateral view; (L) right paramere, dorsal view; (M) left paramere, dorsal view. F. tatarnici: (N) vesica in repose, lateral view; (O) right paramere, dorsal view; (P) left paramere, dorsal view.
Fig. 1 in A remarkable new genus and six new species of fern-inhabiting plant bugs endemic to the Society Islands (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Filicicoris gen. nov.)
Fig. 1. Habitus of Filicicoris huahine (male and female), F. meyeri (male and female), F. raiatea (male and female), F. tatarnici (male), F. rubramaculus (male and female) and F. viridis (male and female). This figure is published in colour in the online edition of this journal, which can be accessed via http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/1876312x.
Fig. 2 in A remarkable new genus and six new species of fern-inhabiting plant bugs endemic to the Society Islands (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae: Filicicoris gen. nov.)
Fig. 2. SEM images. Filicicoris meyeri: (A) head and pronotum, dorsal view; (B) head, lateral view; (C) head, anterior view; (E) labium; (F) scent gland evaporating area; (G) pretarsus, lateral view; (H) pretarsus, dorsal view; (I) pretarsus, ventral view; (K) abdomen, lateral view. F. viridis: (D) head and pronotum, dorsal view. F. huahine: (J) tarsus.
FIGURE 4 in The third opinion on fern phylogenetics with novel insights into their mitogenome evolution
FIGURE 4. Molecular evolutionary patterns in the mitogenome and plastome markers. Mean values for each metric are represented by black points.
FIGURE 3 in The third opinion on fern phylogenetics with novel insights into their mitogenome evolution
FIGURE 3. Lineages with conspicuous evolutionary rates discussed in the text (high rate indicated in red and low rate in blue). A. Maximum likelihood mitogenome phylogram. B. Maximum likelihood plastome phylogram.
FIGURE 2 in The third opinion on fern phylogenetics with novel insights into their mitogenome evolution
FIGURE 2. Time calibrated plastome tree based on 51 fern species and 31 markers. Blue horizontal bars show the 95% HPD ranges of estimated node ages. For the calibrated nodes both effective prior and posterior distributions are shown. Green curves represent the effective prior and magenta curves posterior distributions. Posterior Probability values are shown only for those nodes that were not fully supported.
FIGURE 1. A in The third opinion on fern phylogenetics with novel insights into their mitogenome evolution
FIGURE 1. A. Time calibrated mitogenome tree based on 51 fern species and 33 markers. Blue horizontal bars show the 95% HPD ranges of estimated node ages. For the calibrated nodes both effective prior and posterior distributions are shown. Green curves represent the effective prior and magenta curves posterior distributions. Posterior Probability values are shown only for those nodes that were not fully supported. B. Lineages through time (LTT) plots for mitogenome shown in pale blue and plastome trees shown in grey. For LTT plots 100 trees were randomly picked from the posterior of both genomes.
Krieg et al. (2024) Fern gametophytes exhibit distinct patterns of niche exploration and global convergence in ecophysiological functioning
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FIGURE 2. A–H in Prodromus of a fern flora of Bolivia. XLII. Update I.
FIGURE 2. A–H. Elaphoglossum neglectum (Jiménez & Huaylla 2658, isotype, NY). A. Habit. B. Rhizome scales. C. Rhizome. D. Petiole. E. Sterile blade, abaxial surface. F. Sterile blade, adaxial surface. G. Costa, abaxial surface. H. Costa, adaxial surface. The dashed line indicates that the leaf apex is from another specimen (Jiménez & Huaylla 2675, NY).
FIGURE 3 in Prodromus of a fern flora of Bolivia. XLII. Update I.
FIGURE 3. Spores of A. Elaphoglossum neglectum (Jiménez & Huaylla 2658, isotype, NY) and B. Elaphoglossum buchtienii (Tate 838, NY). Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 38 in Revision of the fern genus Diplazium (Polypodiales: Athyriaceae) in Thailand
FIGURE 38. Diplazium xiphophyllum (Baker) C. Chr. A, lamina. B, a part of pinna with sori. C, scale showing entire and not black marginal cells. T. Boonkerd et al. 62 (BCU).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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