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1,196 results for “Minerals”
FIGURES 5–12 in First report of the poplar leaf miner, Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from India
FIGURES 5–12. Damage symptoms and biology of Phyllonorycter populifoliella in Leh, India. (5) view to Leh city with poplar stands; (6–7) numerous mines on poplar leaves; (8) mines on the under side of the leaf; (9) same leaf, upper side view; (10) opened mine with a larva and frass inside; (11) young pupa; (12) matured pupa (before adult emergence).
FIGURES 1–4 in First report of the poplar leaf miner, Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from India
FIGURES 1–4. Phyllonorycter populifoliella from Leh, India. (1) adult (a male); (2) male genitalia; (3) phallus; (4) female genitalia. An arrow indicates cephalic margin of vinculum. Scale bars: Figs 1 (2 mm), 2–3 (200 µm), 4 (500 µm).
Clinical, biochemical and genetic findings in adult patients with low bone mineral density and chronic hypophosphatasemia
<p>Clinical, biochemical and genetic findings in adult patients with low bone mineral density and chronic hypophosphatasemia</p>
FIGURES S1–S6 in First report of the poplar leaf miner, Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from India
FIGURES S1–S6. Typical mines of the poplar-feeding Phyllonorycter species, Siberia, Russia. (S1) Ph. connexella on Populus sp. (section Tacamahaca), 12.vii.2016, the Republic of Khakassia; (S2) Ph. pastorella on Salix sp., 23.vii.2015, Novosibirskaya Oblast; (S3) same species on Populus sp. (section Tacamahaca × Aigeiros), 23.vii.2015, Novosibirskaya Oblast; (S4) Ph. populifoliella on Populus sp. (section Tacamahaca), 21.vi.2009, Krasnoyarskiy Krai; (S5) Ph. apparella on Populus tremula L., 08.viii.2008, Altaiskiy Krai; (S6) Ph. comparella on P. alba L., 23.vii.2015, Krasnoyarskiy Krai. Scale bar: 10 mm. Original photographs.
Data from: Developmental tuning of mineralization drives morphological diversity of gill cover bones in sculpins and their relatives
The role of osteoblast placement in skeletal morphological variation is relatively well understood, but alternative developmental mechanisms affecting bone shape remain largely unknown. Specifically, very little attention has been paid to variation in later mineralization stages of intramembranous ossification as a driver of morphological diversity. We discover the occurrence of specific, sometimes large regions of nonmineralized osteoid within bones that also contain mineralized tissue. We show through a variety of histological, molecular, and tomographic tests that this "extended" osteoid material is most likely nonmineralized bone matrix. This tissue type is a significant determinant of gill cover bone shape in the teleostean suborder Cottoidei. We demonstrate repeated evolution of extended osteoid in Cottoidei through ancestral state reconstruction and test for an association between its variation and habitat differences among species. Through measurement of extended osteoid at various stages of gill cover development in species across the phylogeny, we gain insight into possible evolutionary developmental origins of the trait. We conclude that this fine-tuned developmental regulation of bone matrix mineralization reflects heterochrony at multiple biological levels and is a novel mechanism for the evolution of diversity in skeletal morphology. This research lays the groundwork for a new model in which to study bone mineralization and evolutionary developmental processes, particularly as they may relate to adaptation during a prominent evolutionary radiation of fishes.
Data from: Phylogeographic pattern of the plane leaf miner, Phyllonorycter platani (STAUDINGER, 1870) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Europe
Background: The plane leaf miner, Phyllonorycter platani is a widely distributed insect species on plane trees and has a well-documented colonisation history in Europe over the last century. However, phylogeographic data of the species are lacking. Results: We analysed 284 individuals from 38 populations across Europe, Asia, and North America. A 1242bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene and an 893bp fragment of the 28S rDNA has been Sanger sequenced. Twenty-four haplotypes were detected on the COI gene, and two alleles were identified on the 28S rDNA. We revealed two distinct clades for both markers reflecting the geographic origins, Asia and Europe. The genetic distance between the two main clades is 2.08% on the COI gene and 0.10% on the nuclear DNA. An overlapping zone of the two clades was found across Eastern Europe and the Anatolian Peninsula. We detected heterozygote individuals of the 28S rDNA gene in Moldavia, Ukraine and in the southern part of Turkey. These suggest that the two clades can hybridise. Furthermore, the presence of European type homozygote individuals has been confirmed in the southern part of Turkey as well. Conclusions: We have shown that both post-glacial recolonization and recent expansion events influenced the present genetic structure of P. platani. The genetic patterns revealed at least two refugia during the last ice age: one in the Balkan Peninsula and the other in the Caucasus region. Recent expansion was detected in some European and Central Asian populations. The two main clades (Europe/Asia) show definite genetic differences; however, several hybrid individuals were found in the overlapping zone as well (stretching over Eastern Europe and the Anatolian Peninsula). Discrepancies in mitochondrial and nuclear data indicate introgressions in the southern part of the Anatolian Peninsula.
Data from: Soil pathogen-aphid interactions under differences in soil organic matter and mineral fertilizer
There is increasing evidence showing that microbes can influence plant-insect interactions. In addition, various studies have shown that aboveground pathogens can alter the interactions between plants and insects. However, little is known about the role of soil-borne pathogens in plant-insect interactions. It is also not known how environmental conditions, that steer the performance of soil-borne pathogens, might influence these microbe-plant-insect interactions. Here, we studied effects of the soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani on aphids (Sitobion avenae) using wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a host. In a greenhouse experiment, we tested how different levels of soil organic matter (SOM) and fertilizer addition influence the interactions between plants and aphids. To examine the influence of the existing soil microbiome on the pathogen effects, we used both unsterilized field soil and sterilized field soil. In unsterilized soil with low SOM content, R. solani addition had a negative effect on aphid biomass, whereas it enhanced aphid biomass in soil with high SOM content. In sterilized soil, however, aphid biomass was enhanced by R. solani addition and by high SOM content. Plant biomass was enhanced by fertilizer addition, but only when SOM content was low, or in the absence of R. solani. We conclude that belowground pathogens influence aphid performance and that the effect of soil pathogens on aphids can be more positive in the absence of a soil microbiome. This implies that experiments studying the effect of pathogens under sterile conditions might not represent realistic interactions. Moreover, pathogen-plant-aphid interactions can be more positive for aphids under high SOM conditions. We recommend that soil conditions should be taken into account in the study of microbe-plant-insect interactions.
Miners Lamp
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Mineral 303
Roca metamórfica. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURES 27–31 in Description of two leafminer larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest
FIGURES 27–31. Octuroplata walkeri (Baly, 1865). Larva: 27, head (ventral); 28, 29, mandible (ventral, dorsal); 30, apex of maxilla and labium (dorsal), 31, maxilla and labium (ventral). Bars = 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 22–26 in Description of two leafminer larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest
FIGURES 22–26 Octuroplata walkeri (Baly, 1865). Larva: 22, head (dorsal); 23, clypeus and labrum; 24, epipharynx; 25, 26, antenna (dorsal, ventral). Bars = 0.5 mm, except fig. 22, 2.0 mm.
FIGURES 16–21 in Description of two leafminer larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest
FIGURES 16–21, Octuroplata walkeri (Baly, 1865). Larva: 16, dorsal; 17, 18, spiracle (thoracic, abdominal); 19, 20, prothoracic leg (anterior and posterior view); 21, apex of abdomen (ventral). Figs 19, 20, to same scale. Bars = 0.5 mm, except fig. 16, 1.0 mm and fig.21, 2.0 mm.
FIGURES 11–15 in Description of two leafminer larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest
FIGURES 11–15. Sceloenopla pretiosa (Baly, 1858). Larva: 11, maxilla and labium (ventral); 12, head (ventral); 13, apex of maxilla (dorsal); 14, 15, mandible (dorsal, ventral). Bars = 1.0 mm.
FIGURES 6–10 in Description of two leafminer larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest
FIGURES 6–10, Sceloenopla pretiosa (Baly, 1858). Larva: 6, clypeus and labrum; 7, head (dorsal); 8, 9, antenna (ventral, dorsal); 10, epipharynx. Figs 6, 10, to same scale. Bars = 1.0 mm.
FIGURES 1–5 in Description of two leafminer larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest
FIGURES 1–5, Sceloenopla pretiosa (Baly, 1858). Larva: 1, ventral; 2, dorsal; 3, metathoracic leg; 4, thoracic spiracle; 5, apex of abdomen (dorsal). Figs 1, 2 to same scale. Bars = 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 40 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURE 40. The occurrence of Phyllonorycter mespilella (red dots) and P. trifasciella (blue dots) in the Canary Islands.
FIGURE 38–39. Archive references. 38 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURE 38–39. Archive references. 38, the citation and the illustration of Tinea mespilella Hübner, 1805 from Hübner, J. 1796–1838. Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge. Achte Horde. Tineae Die Schaben; nach der Natur geordnet, beschrieben und vorgestellt: pl. 39, fig. 272. 39a, the title page of the list of specimens bearing Haworth's labels in the Thomas Henry Allis collection. 39b, the list, indicating that the type specimen of P. trifasciella was examined by Mr. Raymond Uffen.
FIGURES 31–33 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURES 31–33. The neotype of Phyllonorycter mespilella. 31, male, Germany, Württemberg, iv.[19]69. Scale bar 1 mm. 32, the collecting and the male genitalia preparation labels of the neotype of Phyllonorycter mespilella. 33, the male genitalia of the neotype of Phyllonorycter mespilella, gen. prep. Triberti 3175♂. Scale bar 200 µm.
FIGURES 34–37. Phyllonorycter trifasciella, adult. 34 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURES 34–37. Phyllonorycter trifasciella, adult. 34, male, Canary Islands, Tenerife, 30.xii.1982. Scale bar 1 mm. 35, male genitalia, gen. prep. De Prins 3806♂. 36, same preparation, aedoeagus. Scale bar 200 µm. 37, the lectotype of Phyllonorycter trifasciella, female, specimen No YORYM 2012.749, in the collection of the Yorkshire Museum and Gardens.
FIGURES 25–30 in Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets
FIGURES 25–30. The biotope and leaf mines of Phyllonorycter mespilella on Malus domestica Borkh., Canary Islands, La Palma, 31.x.2007. 25, mine, adaxial view. 26, mine abaxial view. 27, mine of the third instar larva, parenchymal tissue is consumed in spots, adaxial view. 28, pupa protrudes the mine before the emergence of the adult, abaxial view. 29, the biotope of Phyllonorycter mespilella in the Canary Islands, La Palma, 31.x. 2007. 30, Malus domestica Borkh, the host plant of Phyllonorycter mespilella in the Canary Islands, La Palma.
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