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763 results for “Mitochondrial DNA”
Figure 3 in Integrative insect taxonomy based on morphology, mitochondrial DNA, and hyperspectral reflectance profiling
Figure 3. Male: A–H, Bundera pellucida Li & Wang, 2001; I–P, Bundera sp. 4; Q–X, Bundera sp. 3. A, I, Q, habitus, dorsal view; B, J, R, habitus, lateral view; C, K, S, head, dorsal view; D, L, T, face; E, M, U, pygofer, lateral view; F, N, V, aedeagal, lateral view; G, O, W, aedeagal, ventral view; H, P, X, connective and style, ventral view.
Figure 1 in Integrative insect taxonomy based on morphology, mitochondrial DNA, and hyperspectral reflectance profiling
Figure 1. Average reflectance profiles and dorsal habitus of the seven species included in this study.
Figure 1 in Molecular systematics and evolution of the subgenus Mesocarabus Thomson, 1875 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabus), based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
Figure 1. Sampling localities of Mesocarabus specimens used in this study and identified by voucher number, as listed in Table 1. Colour code: brown, Carabus riffensis; red, Carabus macrocephalus; orange, Carabus macrocephalus barcelecoanus; purple, Carabus dufourii; yellow, Carabus lusitanicus; pink, Carabus lusitanicus baguenai; blue, Carabus problematicus; and green, Carabus problematicus, from Ochagavía.
Figure 5 in Molecular systematics and evolution of the subgenus Mesocarabus Thomson, 1875 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabus), based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
Figure 5. Ultrametric time-calibrated tree for combined DNA markers (ALL-B data set) in Carabus. Numbers above nodes represent posterior probabilities. Grey bars on nodes represent the 95% confidence intervals for node ages (Myr), with mean ages indicated inside the bars. Labels A–D indicate the cladogenetic events for Mesocarabus and Iberian Oreocarabus referred to in the main text; labels G1 and G2 indicate nodes used as calibration priors. Specimen illustrated: Carabus (Mesocarabus) lusitanicus from Albacete, Spain.
Figure 4. Bayesian 50 in Molecular systematics and evolution of the subgenus Mesocarabus Thomson, 1875 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabus), based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
Figure 4. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree for the total evidence data set (ALL-B). Numbers besides nodes represent posterior probabilities and bootstrap values for maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony analyses, respectively. Labels A–D indicate the cladogenetic events for Mesocarabus and Iberian Oreocarabus referred to in the text. The species colour codes are as described in Figure 1. Voucher numbers are indicated in brackets. Vertical bars represent the main lineages, as proposed by Imura (1996) and Deuve (2004). Specimens illustrated: 1, Carabus (Mesocarabus) lusitanicus from Tarragona, Spain; 2, Carabus (Mesocarabus) macrocephalus from León, Spain; 3, Carabus (Mesocarabus) riffensis from El Biutz, Morocco; 4, Carabus (Oreocarabus) guadarramus from Madrid, Spain; 5, Carabus (Oreocarabus) amplipennis from León, Spain; 6, Carabus (Orinocarabus) concolor from Bex, Switzerland; 7, Carabus (Nesaeocarabus) abbreviatus from Tenerife, Spain; 8, Carabus (Eurycarabus) faminii from Rif Massif, Morocco.
Figure 2 in Molecular systematics and evolution of the subgenus Mesocarabus Thomson, 1875 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabus), based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
Figure 2. Distribution map of some Carabus lineages within the Metacarabi in the western Palaearctic region.
Figure 3. Bayesian 50 in Molecular systematics and evolution of the subgenus Mesocarabus Thomson, 1875 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabus), based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
Figure 3. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus trees from (a) nuclear (NUC) and (b) mitochondrial (MIT) data sets. The numbers beside nodes represent posterior probabilities and bootstrap values for maximum-likelihood and maximumparsimony analyses, respectively. Labels A–D indicate cladogenetic events referred to in the text for Mesocarabus (in blue) and Iberian Oreocarabus (in red). Asterisks indicate incongruent nodes between MIT and NUC data sets. The species colour codes are as described in Figure 1. Voucher numbers are indicated in brackets. Specimens illustrated: 1, Carabus (Mesocarabus) lusitanicus from Salamanca, Spain; 2, Carabus (Oreocarabus) ghiliani from Segovia, Spain.
Figure 6 in Molecular systematics and evolution of the subgenus Mesocarabus Thomson, 1875 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabus), based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
Figure 6. Ultrametric time-calibrated tree for combined DNA markers (ALL-B data set) in Carabus showing ancestral area inferences (A, Iberian Peninsula; B, Eurasia; C, North Africa and Canary Islands). Pie charts represent the probability for each area reconstruction. The grey bars on nodes represent the 95% confidence intervals for node ages (Myr), with mean ages indicated inside bars. The palaeogeographic reconstructions are taken from Andeweg (2002).
Figure 3 in Molecular dating and diversification of the South American lizard genus Liolaemus (subgenus Eulaemus) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences
Figure 3. Posterior probability distributions for mean rates of evolution estimated from the combined data under a partitioned analysis for the mitochondrial (A) and nuclear genes (B). The middle line of each box plot represents mean rates and the top and bottom lines indicate the 95% credibility intervals. CMOS; MXRA-5.
Figure 2 in Molecular dating and diversification of the South American lizard genus Liolaemus (subgenus Eulaemus) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences
Figure 2. Age posterior probability distributions for each of the Eulaemus crown groups. Vertical black line represents the Miocene-Pliocene boundary (5.33 Mya).
Figure 1 in Molecular dating and diversification of the South American lizard genus Liolaemus (subgenus Eulaemus) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences
Figure 1. Fifty per cent majority rule phylogram from the partitioned BEAST analyses of the combined data set (cytochrome b, 12S, CMOS, and MXRA5). Numbers above and below the nodes represent posterior probability values and mean estimates of divergence dates (in millions of years), respectively.
Bioenergetic consequences of sex-specific mitochondrial DNA evolution
<p>Doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) represents a notable exception to the general rule of strict maternal inheritance (SMI) of mitochondria in metazoans. This system entails the coexistence of two mitochondrial lineages (F- and M-type) transmitted separately through oocytes and sperm, thence providing an unprecedented opportunity for the mitochondrial genome to evolve adaptively for male functions. In this study, we explored the impact of a sex-specific mitochondrial evolution upon gamete bioenergetics of DUI and SMI bivalve species, comparing the activity of key-enzymes of glycolysis, fermentation, fatty acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidant metabolism. Our findings suggest reorganized bioenergetic pathways in DUI gametes compared to SMI gametes. This generally results in a decreased enzymatic capacity in DUI sperm with respect to DUI oocytes, a limitation especially prominent at the terminus of the electron transport system. This bioenergetic remodelling fits a reproductive strategy that does not require a high energy input and could potentially link with the preservation of the paternally-transmitted mitochondrial genome in DUI species. Whether this phenotype may derive from positive or relaxed selection acting on DUI sperm is still uncertain.</p>
FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining tree derived from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding
FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining tree derived from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 sequences showing genetic lineages of Apogon species from Bahamas (BAH), Belize (BLZ), Curaçao (CUR), Florida (FCC, FWRI, SMS), and Saba Bank (SAB). L = larva, J = juvenile, A = adult.
Supplementary material 1 from: Xu M, Liu Y, Möller E, LaGreca S, Moya P, Wang X, Timdal E, de Boer H, Barreno E, Wang L, Thüs H, Andrésson Ó, Magnússon KP, Ólafsdóttir ES, Heiðmarsson S (2023) Mycobiont-specific primers facilitate the amplification of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA: a focus on the lichenized fungal genus Melanelia (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) in Iceland. MycoKeys 96: 57-75. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.96.100037
Multiple sequence alignment for fungal mtSSU primer design in the family Parmeliaceae (except for Usnea)
Figure 5 in Mitochondrial DNA and other lines of evidence clarify species diversity in the Peromyscus truei species group (Cricetidae: Neotominae)
Figure 5: Geographic ranges of members of the Peromyscus truei species group showing taxonomic changes proposed in this work: (A) P. gratus (pink) and P. truei (green); (B) P. nasutus (green) and P. difficilis (pink); (C) P. laceianus (green) and P. pectoralis (pink); (D) P. attwateri (green) and P. ochraventer (pink). Lighter colors represent possible unrecognized taxa: we suggest recognizing the species P. amplus, P. collinus, and P. felipensis because their high mitochondrial divergence and its consistency with multiple lines of evidence previously reported; however, the specific status of the highly divergent P. cf. martirensis and P. cf. zapotecae should be tested with additional data. Maps modified from the IUCN.
Figure 4 in Mitochondrial DNA and other lines of evidence clarify species diversity in the Peromyscus truei species group (Cricetidae: Neotominae)
Figure 4: Haplotype networks based on the mitochondrial cyt b of sister species in the Peromyscus truei species group: (A) P. gratus (pink) + P. truei (green); (B) P. nasutus (green) + P. difficilis (pink); and (C) P. laceianus (green) + P. pectoralis (pink). In each case, lighter colors represent possible unrecognized taxa based on their high genetic divergence (see Figure 5 and discussion). The grey outlines show the 18 clades with intraspecific genetic
Figure 3 in Mitochondrial DNA and other lines of evidence clarify species diversity in the Peromyscus truei species group (Cricetidae: Neotominae)
Figure 3: Heat map showing genetic distances (K80) as % between the 18 clades with intraspecific genetic distances ≤1.5 in the Peromyscus truei species group. Genetic distances>4% are shown above the gray line, and values>5% above the black line. Clade labels on the x- and y-axes match those from Figure 2.
Figure 1 in Mitochondrial DNA and other lines of evidence clarify species diversity in the Peromyscus truei species group (Cricetidae: Neotominae)
Figure 1: Map of Mexico and the United States showing the localities of Peromyscus truei species group samples analyzed in this work.
Figure 2 in Mitochondrial DNA and other lines of evidence clarify species diversity in the Peromyscus truei species group (Cricetidae: Neotominae)
Figure 2: Phylogenetic relationships of members in the Peromyscus truei species group based on the mitochondrial cyt b. At the left the majority-rule consensus tree obtained from Bayesian analysis, and at the right the maximum-likelihood tree. Support values are shown as posterior probabilities and ultrafast bootstrap, respectively; values <0.8/94 are not shown. Green bars indicate the 18 clades with intraspecific genetic distances ≤1.5, and the asterisk show short sequences obtained from skin-clips. Tip labels show the catalog number of each analyzed specimen.
Figure 6 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements
Figure 6. Hypothetical radiation schemes for Uromastyx and possibly relevant geological events. Approximate distribution range for each taxon (Wilms, 2001) is shown with its abbreviated name: Hard (Uromastyx hardwickii), Aca (U. acanthinura), Mali (U. d. maliensis), Gey (U. geyri), Dis (U. d. dispar), Oce (U. ocellata), Mac (U. macfadyeni), Aeg (U. a. aegyptia), Mic (U. a. microlepis), Orn (U. ornata) and Ben (U. benti).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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