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1,036 results for “Modernism”
Resurrecting Ancient Antibiotics: Unveiling the Origins of Modern Lipid II Targeting Glycopeptides
<p>Data supporting the publication "Resurrecting Ancient Antibiotics: Unveiling the Origins of Modern Lipid II Targeting Glycopeptides"</p>
Data and code for Global change drives modern plankton communities away from pre-industrial state
<p>Data and R code for "Global change drives modern plankton communities away from pre-industrial state" by Lukas Jonkers, Helmut Hillebrandt and Michal Kucera (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1230-3).</p> <p>Compare planktonic foraminifera species assemblages from sediments and sediment traps.</p> <p>Scripts written by Lukas Jonkers</p> <p>DATA SOURCES<br> * HadISST: Rayner, N. A. et al. Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 108, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670 (2003).<br> * ERSST v5: Huang, B. et al. NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST), Version 5. Monthly mean. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5T72FNM. Access date: 14 Sep 2018. (2017).<br> * sediment assemblages: Siccha, M. & Kucera, M. ForCenS, a curated database of planktonic foraminifera census counts in marine surface sediment samples. Scientific Data 4, 170109, doi:10.1038/sdata.2017.109 (2017).<br> * sediment traps: citations provided in data files</p> <p>DATA<br> 1. Planktonic foraminifera shell flux time series<br> 1.1. all data: dat_sel.RDS<br> 1.2. time series with >125 and >150 micron data: dat_small.RDS<br> 1.3. shell flux data in csv format: shell_flux_data.csv</p> <p>2. ForCenS core top sediment assemblages<br> 2.1. all data (excluding duplicates and samples with incomplete taxonomy): forcens_trimmed_compare.RDS<br> 2.2. all data, split by region: species_domains_compare.RDS<br> 2.3. indices of samples: domain_indeces_compare.RDS</p> <p>3. SST<br> 3.1. average SST for each sample in ForCenS for 1870-1899 period based on HadISST: forcens_HadSST_1870-1899.RDS<br> 3.2. average SST for each sample in ForCenS for 1854-1883 period based on ERSST v5: forcens_ERSST_1854-1883.RDS<br> 3.3. average SST for each sediment trap site for 1870-1899 period based on HadISST: traps_HadSST_1870-1899.RDS<br> 3.4. average SST for each sediment trap site for 1854-1883 period based on ERSST v5: traps_ERSST_1854-1883.RDS<br> 3.5. average SST for each sediment trap site for deployment period based on HadISST: traps_HadSST_period.RDS<br> 3.6. average SST for each sediment trap site for deployment period based on ERSST v5: traps_ERSST_period.RDS<br> 3.7. linear SST trend between 1870 and 2015 based on HadISST: hadisst_trend_1870-2015.RDS<br> 3.8. average SST for period of sediment trap observations: hadisst_mean_1978-2013.RDS</p> <p>CODE<br> 1. get_ForCenS.R: selection of ForCenS data. Used to generate data 2.1-2.3<br> 2. make_polygons.R: make circles with 100 km radius around trap and core tope sites used in 4 and 5<br> 3. make_polygon_function.R: used by 2<br> 4. extract_HadSST.R: extraction of data 3.1, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7, 3.8<br> 5. extract_ERRSTv5.R: extraction of data 3.2, 3.4, 3.6<br> 6. make_annual_assemblages.R: process shell flux time series (data 1.1 and 1.2)<br> 7. make_annual_fluxes_function.R: used by 6<br> 8. compare_trap_sed_publish.R: code to compare sediment trap and core top assemblages<br> 9. compare_figs.R: code to create figures<br> 10. maps_robinson.R: code to create maps</p>
Data from: Central Asian radiation of modern large-mammal faunas in mid-Miocene
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Data from: Ancient and modern genomes reveal microsatellites maintain a dynamic equilibrium through deep time
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Data from: How long does a brachiopod shell last on a seafloor? Modern mid-bathyal environments as taphonomic analogues of continental shelves prior to the Mesozoic Marine Revolution
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Unexpected morphological diversity in ancient dogs compared to modern relatives
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Data from: Are modern cryptic species detectable in the fossil record? A case study on agamid lizards
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Peat cores were collected along the Dalton Highway for the analysis of soil properties, 13C and percent of modern age, North Slope, Alaska 1989.
Peat cores were collected along the Dalton Highway in 1989 and analysed for percent moisture, percent organic carbon, bulk densitey, del C-13, and radiocarbon content at varying depth intevals throughout the core. Samples were collected to the mineral zone and kept in cold storage until analysis. Samples were collected from 12 sites.
Pond diatom communities from the McMurdo Sound region of Antarctica, assessed from modern samples (2012-2016) and from historical samples collected during Shackleton’s Nimrod Expedition (1908-1909)
We performed a field survey to characterize diatom communities living in the benthic microbial mats of ponds across the McMurdo Sound region of Antarctica. Samples were collected during the Austral summers of 2012-13, 2013-14, and 2015-16 from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Cape Royds, and from Hut Ridge near McMurdo Station. We also characterized pond diatom communities in samples collected on various dates from 1908-1909 during Ernest Shackleton’s Nimrod Expedition to compare against modern samples. Historical samples were taken from Cape Royds and the Stranded Moraines, and were analyzed from slides stored at the Natural History Museum, London. This data package includes relative abundance data for diatom species found in these modern and historical samples.
Appendix 2 in Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)
Appendix 2. Matrix for phylogenetic analysis
Data from: Patterns of intraspecific variation through ontogeny–a case study of the Cretaceous nautilid Eutrephoceras dekayi and modern Nautilus pompilius
<p>The magnitude and ontogenetic patterns of intraspecific variation can provide important insights into the evolution and development of organisms. Understanding the intraspecific variation of organisms is a key to correctly pursuing studies in major fields of palaeontology. However, intraspecific variation has been largely overlooked in ectocochleate cephalopods, particularly nautilids. Furthermore, little is known regarding the evolutionary pattern. Here, we present morphological data for the Cretaceous nautilid <i>Eutrephoceras dekayi</i> (Morton, 1834) and the modern nautilid <i>Nautilus</i> <i>pompilius </i>Linnaeus, 1758<i> </i>through ontogeny. The data are used to describe the change of conch morphology and to elucidate the evolutionary patterns of intraspecific variation. We discovered the presence of morphological changes at hatching and maturity, which is shared in every conch parameter in <i>E. dekayi</i> and <i>N. pompilius</i>. We also found that intraspecific variation is high in early ontogeny in both taxa, followed by various patterns in later ontogeny. The high variation in early ontogeny may imply their flexibility of changing the timing of growth events, which may have played an important role in nautilid evolutioin. We assume that the decrease in variation in later ontogeny may indicate developmental constraints. Lastly, we compared the similarity/dissimilarity of ontogenetic patterns of variation between taxa. Results reveal that the similarity/dissimilarity of the ontogenetic pattern differs between <i>E. dekayi</i> and <i>N. pompilius</i>. We conclude that this shift in the ontogenetic pattern of variation may be rooted in changes in the developmental program of nautilids through time. We propose that studying ontogenetic patterns of intraspecific variation can provide new insights into the evolution and development of organisms. </p>
Data from: Influence of paleolithic range contraction, admixture and long-distance dispersal on genetic gradients of modern humans in Asia
<p>Cavalli-Sforza and coauthors originally explored the genetic variation of modern humans throughout the world and observed an overall east-west genetic gradient in Asia. However, the specific environmental and population genetics processes causing this gradient were not formally investigated and promoted discussion in recent studies. Here we studied the influence of diverse environmental and population genetics processes on Asian genetic gradients and identified which could have produced the observed gradient. To do so, we performed extensive spatially-explicit computer simulations of genetic data under the following scenarios: (<i>i</i>) variable levels of admixture between Paleolithic and Neolithic populations, (<i>ii</i>) migration through long-distance dispersal (LDD), (<i>iii</i>) Paleolithic range contraction induced by the last glacial maximum (LGM) and, (<i>iv</i>) Neolithic range expansions from one or two geographic origins (the Fertile Crescent and the Yangzi and Yellow River Basins). Next, we estimated genetic gradients from the simulated data and we found that they were sensible to the analyzed processes, especially to the range contraction induced by LGM and to the number of Neolithic expansions. Some scenarios were compatible with the observed east-west genetic gradient, such as the Paleolithic expansion with a range contraction induced by the LGM or two Neolithic range expansions from both the east and the west. In general, LDD increased the variance of genetic gradients among simulations. We interpreted the obtained gradients as a consequence of both <i>allele surfing</i> caused by range expansions and isolation by distance along the vast east-west geographic axis of this continent.</p>
THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN SOCIETY: PROBLEMS, PROGNOSES AND SOLUTIONS
<p>THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN SOCIETY: PROBLEMS, PROGNOSES AND SOLUTIONS.</p> <p>AZERBAİJAN-TURKEY</p> <p>PAPERS AND ARTICLES</p> <p>TURKEY, İZMİR SEPTEMBER 26-27, 2020</p>
Patterns of Knowledge Circulation in Early Modern East-Central Europe: Tracing Jewish Kabbalistic Textual Units in Multiple-Text Manuscripts
<p>This presentation will provide initial insights into the first comprehensive study of the networks of production and circulation of Jewish esoteric texts in early modern East-Central Europe (1500-1750). This study, which is funded by the German Research Foundation and has begun in 2019, aims to collect datasets and quantitatively analyse the transmission and reception of Jewish esoteric traditions recorded in manuscript form. In doing so, the study makes use of network analysis methods and utilises digital database environment (provided by LAB 1100) that facilitates analysis and visualisation of data with complex temporal, geographical and relational attributes.<br> The scholarship on Jewish books, both in manuscripts and in print, and kabbalah has centred chiefly on studying individual figures, narrowing the focus of study to singular individuals and groups. Such an approach, although important, stops short of unearthing broader patterns and dissemination of ideas, which could be available through analysis of a larger selection of sources. Virtually no study has been to date devoted to examining broader networks of esoteric textual knowledge exchange from the perspective of the material evidence of such interactions. Such examination may offer a more comprehensive view on East-Central European dynamics of creating, transmitting, and re-appropriating kabbalistic and esoteric sources.<br> Of special interest is the phenomenon of copying, transcription and compiling of kabbalistic textual units in multiple-text manuscripts, often of complex codicological structure, which abound as the most universal medium of dissemination for esoteric (kabbalistic) texts. In recent years, substantial methodological changes occurred in the field of manuscript studies, which emphasise positioning and contextualizing manuscripts as material objects within their social and cultural milieus, and rediscovers the network of ‘manuscript cultures,’ i.e. ‘the urban micro-cultures,’ which left their imprints on both the external aspects and the contents of the codices. The current presentation will highlight potentials and challenges of network analysis for the study of circulation of textual units and their variants in multiple complex and composite manuscripts, whose transcription gives evidence to conscious decisions of those involved in their dissemination and subsequent transmission in East-Central Europe. As the study will have run for just over one year by the date of the conference, the presentation will refrain from offering final conclusions, but remain open to discussions and suggestions from scholars deploying similar methods to the study of manuscripts and manuscript cultures.</p>
Data from: Modern pollen assemblages of the Neotropics
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> To provide a database of modern pollen abundances from a diversity of Neotropical locations.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> The Neotropics, especially western Amazonia, the Andes, The Galápagos, Central America, Puerto Rico, and Mexico.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Over a 30-year period, mud-water interface samples, moss polsters, soils, and pollen traps were used to assay modern pollen rain. Standard extraction methods were used and a minimum of 300 terrestrial pollen grains counted and identified per sample. Bioclimatic data were assigned to each location, and sexual traits and pollination syndromes are provided for some genera. A detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) shows the structuring of the data relative to mean annual temperatures (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and precipitation of the driest quarter (PDQ). Probability density functions of distances among samples are calculated within and between Holdridge Life Zones, based on sample DCA scores.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The modern pollen of 636 locations are documented, with >500 pollen types identified. The dataset spans settings with MAT < 5oC to >25oC, and with MAP ranging from c. 500-5000 mm, and PDQ from 80 - 1500 mm. Ordination of the dataset provides evidence that assemblages differ according to temperature and precipitation, although historical biogeography also shapes pollen rains. The pollen grains of zoophilous species contribute important information to habitat descriptions, but they are under-represented in the dataset.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> The dataset covers a broad environmental range and can help inform biogeographic and paleoenvironmental interpretation of paleoecological records. Some caution in using the data is needed as the field of tropical palynology is maturing and the data gathered 30 years ago are less detailed than those gathered recently. Although anemophilous taxa tend to be over-represented in neotropical pollen spectra, the majority of pollen identified in each sample are from zoophilous species.</p>
Quality control for modern bone collagen stable carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements
<p><strong>(1)</strong> Isotopic analyses of collagen, the main protein preserved in sub fossil bone and tooth, has long provided a powerful tool for the reconstruction of ancient diets and environments. Although isotopic studies of contemporary ecosystems have typically focused on more accessible tissues (e.g., muscle, hair), there is growing interest in the potential for analyses of collagen because it is often available in hard tissue archives (e.g., scales, skin, bone, tooth), allowing for enhanced long-term retrospective studies. The quality of measurements of the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of ancient samples are subject to robust and well-established criteria for detection of contaminants and digenesis. Among these quality control (QC) criteria, the most widely utilized is the atomic C:N ratio (C:N<sub>Atomic</sub>), which for ancient samples has an acceptable range between 2.9 and 3.6. While this QC criterion was developed for ancient materials, it has increasingly being applied to collagen from modern tissues.</p> <p><strong>(2)</strong> Here we use a large survey of published collagen amino acid compositions (n<em> </em>= 436) from 193 vertebrate species as well as recent experimental isotopic evidence from 413 modern collagen extracts to demonstrate that the C:N<sub>Atomic</sub> range used for ancient samples is not suitable for assessing collagen quality of modern and archived historical samples.</p> <p><strong>(3) </strong>For modern tissues, collagen C:N<sub>Atomic</sub> falling outside 3.00–3.30 for fish and 3.00–3.28 for mammals and birds can produce systematically skewed isotopic compositions and may lead to significant interpretative errors. These findings are followed by a review of protocols for improving C:N<sub>Atomic</sub> criteria for modern collagen extracts.</p> <p><strong>(4)</strong> Given the tremendous conservation and environmental policy-informing potential that retrospective isotopic analyses of collagen from contemporary and archived vertebrate tissues have for addressing pressing questions about long-term environmental conditions and species behaviours, it is critical that QC criteria tailored to modern tissues are established.</p>
Singularity container for CGO'21 artifact description: YaskSite -- Stencil Optimization Techniques Applied to Explicit ODE Methods on Modern Architectures - version 1.2
<p>Singularity container for CGO'21 artifact description: YaskSite -- Stencil Optimization Techniques Applied to Explicit ODE Methods on Modern Architectures</p> <p> </p> <p>version 1.2</p>
Data from: Applying modern coexistence theory to priority effects
Modern coexistence theory is increasingly used to explain how differences between competing species lead to coexistence versus competitive exclusion. Although research testing this theory has focused on deterministic cases of competitive exclusion, in which the same species always wins, mounting evidence suggests that competitive exclusion is often historically contingent, such that whichever species happens to arrive first excludes the other. Coexistence theory predicts that historically contingent exclusion, known as priority effects, will occur when large destabilizing differences (positive frequency-dependent growth rates of competitors), combined with small fitness differences (differences in competitors' intrinsic growth rates and sensitivity to competition), create conditions under which neither species can invade an established population of its competitor. Here we extend the empirical application of modern coexistence theory to determine the conditions that promote priority effects. We conducted pairwise invasion tests with four strains of nectar-colonizing yeasts to determine how the destabilizing and fitness differences that drive priority effects are altered by two abiotic factors characterizing the nectar environment: sugar concentration and pH. We found that higher sugar concentrations increased the likelihood of priority effects by reducing fitness differences between competing species. In contrast, higher pH did not change the likelihood of priority effects, but instead made competition more neutral by bringing both fitness differences and destabilizing differences closer to zero. This study demonstrates how the empirical partitioning of priority effects into fitness and destabilizing components can elucidate the pathways through which environmental conditions shape competitive interactions.
Data from: Genomic, ecological, and morphological approaches to investigating species limits: a case study in modern taxonomy from Tropical Eastern Pacific surgeonfishes
A wide variety of species are distinguished by slight color variations. However, molecular analyses have repeatedly demonstrated that coloration does not always correspond to distinct evolutionary histories between closely related groups, suggesting that this trait is labile and can be misleading for species identification. In the present study, we analyze the evolutionary history of sister species of Prionurus surgeonfishes in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), which are distinguished by the presence or absence of dark spots on their body. We examined the species limits in this system using comparative specimen-based approaches, a mitochondrial gene (COI), more than 800 nuclear loci (Ultraconserved Elements), and abiotic niche comparisons. The results indicate there is a complete overlap of meristic counts and morphometric measurements between the two species. Further, we detected multiple individuals with intermediate spotting patterns suggesting that coloration is not diagnostic. Mitochondrial data recovered a single main haplotype shared between the species and all locations resulting in a complete lack of structure (ST = 0). Genomic analyses also suggest low levels of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.013), and no alternatively fixed SNPs were detected between the two phenotypes. Furthermore, niche comparisons could not reject niche equivalency or similarity between the species. These results suggest that these two phenotypes are conspecific and widely distributed in the TEP. Here we recognize Prionurus punctatus Gill 1862 as a junior subjective synonym of P. laticlavius (Valenciennes 1846). The underlying causes of phenotypic variation in this species is unknown. However, this system gives insight into general evolutionary dynamics within the TEP.
Llàntia escultòrica, Museu Art Modern Tarragona
**CAT** Recipient de grans dimensions modelat a mà pel ceramista Ramon Carreté (el Catllar, 1938 – 1990), fet amb material refractari molt aspre i rugós i esmalt mat de color gris-blau i marró-beix en degradat. **ES** Recipiente de grandes dimensiones modelado a mano por el ceramista Ramon Carreté (el Catllar, 1938 – 1990), hecho de material refractario muy áspero y rugoso y esmalte mate de color gris azulado y marrón-beige en degradado. **EN** Large, hand-sculpted recipient by ceramist Ramon Carreté (El Catllar, 1938 – 1990), made of a rough, wrinkled refractory material and finished with a grey matt glaze that fades into brown-beige. Número de registre: MAMT NIG 3362. [Adreça web >]( https://dipta.cat/mamt/colleccio/obres/llantia-escultorica) Fotografies: Jaime Salguero / Processat: Néstor Marqués. Text: Àlex Rebollo. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.