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Fig. 6 in Brachyhypopomus draco, a new sexually dimorphic species of Neotropical electric fish from southern South America (Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae)

Fig. 6. Typical habitat of Brachyhypopomus draco; marshland in the Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Fig. 2 in Brachyhypopomus draco, a new sexually dimorphic species of Neotropical electric fish from southern South America (Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae)

Fig. 2. Brachyhypopomus draco (holotype, MCP 41540, male, 137.3 mm LEA). Detailed images of head, above, and tail, below.

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Fig. 3 in Environmental factors predicting fish community structure in two neotropical rivers in Brazil

Fig. 3. Scatterplot of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) for the fish communities of the Jogui and Iguatemi Rivers.

Fig. 1 in Trophic guilds of fishes in sandbank habitats of a Neotropical river

Fig. 1. Scores for the fish species (a) and their food items (b) along Axes 1 and 2, derived from detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). The circles in (a) indicate the groups determined by the k-means analysis.

Fig. 2 in Trophic guilds of fishes in sandbank habitats of a Neotropical river

Fig. 2. Proportions of terrestrial, aquatic, and undetermined resources used by the fish trophic groups.

Fig. 3 in Trophic guilds of fishes in sandbank habitats of a Neotropical river

Fig. 3. Food resource availability, inferred from the volume of items in the stomachs analyzed for all species combined.

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Fig. 2 in Environmental factors predicting fish community structure in two neotropical rivers in Brazil

Fig. 2. Similarity dendrogram of fish communities in Jogui River (above) and Iguatemi Rivers (below).

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Fig. 4 in Environmental factors predicting fish community structure in two neotropical rivers in Brazil

Fig. 4. Altitudinal distributions of the main fish species in the Jogui (A) and Iguatemi (B) rivers. Black dots represent sampling sites. Horizontal black lines represent species distribution range.

Fig. 4 in Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of the liver of P. lineatus caged in Cambé stream. a) normal hepatic tissue, showing hepatocytes with granular cytoplasm (*) and central and round nucleus (arrow); b) hepatocytes with irregular shaped nucleus (black arrows), eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm (arrowheads) and nuclear hypertrophy (*); c) bile stagnation (arrows); d) nuclear degeneration (arrows) and cytoplasmic degeneration (*); e) melanomacrophages aggregate, close to a vessel (white arrow) and cytoplasmic vacuolation (*); f) hepatic tissue showing focal necrosis (white arrow). Scale bar 10 mm, H.E.

Fig. 3 in Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of the kidney of P. lineatus caged in Cambé stream. a) normal renal corpuscle showing the glomerulus and the Bowman's space well defined (arrow), proximal tubules (*), distal tubules (arrowheads); b) glomerular expansion and absence of the Bowman's space (arrow) and tubule cells with hypertrophied nucleus (arrowheads); c) tubule starting the regeneration process (white arrow), occlusion of the tubular lumen (black arrows) and cloudy swelling degeneration (*); d) detail of 2 tubules with hyaline droplets degeneration (*). Scale bar 10 mm, H.E.

Fig. 1 in Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream

Fig. 1. Map showing the region of Londrina city (Paraná State), where the in situ tests were carried out at the reference site (Apertados stream), and the sites at Cambé stream (A, B and C).

Fig. 2 in Selectivity of fish ladders: a bottleneck in Neotropical fish movement

Fig. 2. Catch per unit effort of fish (CPUE; individuals per 100 casts) along the fish ladder at Lajeado Dam (Numbers in parentheses = total number of species; gray light portions of columns indicate the proportion of Rhaphiodon vulpinus; arrow indicates upward movement).

Fig. 8 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 8. Scatterplot of the relationship between time to fatigue (min) and percent fatigued for piaus of three different speed classes (lines represent fit of the models for each size class).

Fig. 7 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 7. Mean (± standard deviation – SD; minimum – Min; and Maximum – Max) values of prolonged speed (length/s) per fatigue time (min/10) for the piau Leporinus reinhardti.

Fig. 6 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 6. Mean (± standard deviation – SD; minimum – Min; and Maximum – Max) values of time to fatigue (min) per speed class (lengths/s) for piau Leporinus reinhardti.

Fig. 5 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 5. Curves representing the relationship between critical speed (m/s) and length (m) for the piau at different temperatures, compared to two salmonids (Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus nerka).

Fig. 4 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 4. Curves representing the relationship between critical swimming speed (m/s) and length (m) for the piau (continuous line in the squares on the top left of the figure) and some species from the temperate zone. Full names of some species are given in Table 2).

Fig. 4 in Selectivity of fish ladders: a bottleneck in Neotropical fish movement

Fig. 4. Monthly mean water levels downriver (line) and the number of hours with elevations less than 175.1 m (columns) (a), the number and abundance of fish species in samples downstream from the dam (b and d) and from the fish ladder (c and e) of Lajeado Dam.

Fig. 3 in Selectivity of fish ladders: a bottleneck in Neotropical fish movement

Fig. 3. Monthly occurrence (a) and catch per unit effort (CPUE; individuals per 100 casts) (b) of the four most abundant species in the fish ladder at Lajeado Dam (arrow indicates upward movement).