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A forest pool as a habitat island for mites in a limestone forest in Southern Norway
<p>Forest water bodies, e.g., pools, constitute 'environmental islands' within forests, with specific flora and fauna thus contributing considerably to the landscape biodiversity. The mite communities of Oribatida and Mesostigmata in two distinctive microhabitats, water-soaked <i>Sphagnum</i> mosses at the edge of a pool and other mosses growing on the medium-wet forest floor nearby, were compared in a limestone forest in Southern Norway. In total, 16,189 specimens of Oribatida representing 98 species, and 499 specimens of Mesostigmata, from 23 species, were found. The abundance and species number of Oribatida were significantly lower at the pool, while the abundance and species richness of Mesostigmata did not differ. Both the communities of Oribatida and of Mesostigmata differed among the microhabitats studied and analysis showed significant differences between the community structures in the two microhabitats. The most abundant oribatid species in <i>Sphagnum</i> mosses was <i>Parachipteria fanzagoi </i>(Jacot, 1929), which made up over 30% of all Oribatida, followed by <i>Atropacarus striculus </i>(Koch, 1835) and <i>Tyrphonothrus maior </i>(Berlese, 1910) (14% and 12% of Oribatida, respectively). Among Mesostigmata <i>Paragamasus parrunciger </i>(Bhattacharyya, 1963) dominated (44% of Mesostigmata), followed by <i>P. lapponicus </i>(Trägårdh, 1910) (14% of Mesostigmata). Most of these species, except <i>P. lapponicus</i>, were either absent or very uncommon in the other microhabitat studied. The specific acarofauna of the forest pool shows the importance of such microhabitats in increasing forest diversity. In addition, a quarter of the mite species found had not been reported from Norwegian broadleaf forests before, including five new species records for Norway and four new to Fennoscandia, all found in the medium-wet microhabitat. Most of these species are rarely collected and have their northernmost occurrence in the studied forest.</p>
Figure 5. Female reproductive system. A. R in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 5. Female reproductive system. A. R. coronata, southern England (MNCN 15.05/90423). B. R. aurata, La Caleta, Cádiz, south-western Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/88106). C. R. caletensis, La Caleta, Cádiz, south-western Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/200113). D. R. tingensis, Tangier, north-western Morocco, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/91514). Abbreviations: FM, female mass; CGD, common genital duct; GO, gonopore.
Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of radula and gizzard plates. A–C, Runcina coronata. A, rachidian teeth (MNCN 15.05/88105). B, lateral teeth (MNCN 15.05/88105). C, gizzard plate (MNCN 15.05/90423). D–F, Runcina aurata. D, rachidian teeth (MNCN 15.05/91500). E, lateral teeth (MNCN 15.05/88106). F, gizzard plate (MNCN 15.05/88106). G–I, Runcina caletensis (MNCN 15.05/200113) G, rachidian teeth. H, lateral teeth. I, gizzard plate. J–M, Runcina tingensis. J, rachidian teeth (MNCN 15.05/200114). L, lateral teeth (MNCN 15.05/200114). M, gizzard plate (MNCN 15.05/91514). Scale bars: A, B, E, J, L = 10 μm; C, F, I, M = 50 μm; D, G = 20 μm; H = 5 μm.
Figure 9. Runcina avellana. A in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 9. Runcina avellana. A, schematic illustration taken from Schmekel & Cappellato, 2001 (original description). B, living animal from Catalonia, north-eastern Spain (Mediterranean Sea) (MNCN 15.05/88108, 1,5 mm in length). Image B by Ana Karla Araujo.
Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 1. Phylogenetic hypothesis of the order Runcinida based on the combined genes H3, COI, and 16S inferred by Bayesian analysis. Numbers on the left of the slash are posterior probabilities and on the right bootstrap values derived from maximum likelihood analysis. A, ABGD results based on the COI dataset. B, bPTP results based on the COI dataset. Rectangles in Ilbia ilbi are missing since there is no COI sequence available. Abbreviations: ATL, Atlantic Ocean; MED, Mediterranean Sea. *, branches with maximum support. 1, refers to sequences from Genbank.
Figure 8 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 8. Living animal of Runcinida sp. (MNCN 15.05/90670, 3 mm in length, Cap Ferret, north of France, Atlantic Ocean). Image courtesy of Marina Poddubetskaia.
Figure 3 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 3. Living animals of Runcina coronata (A, B) and Runcina aurata (C–F). A, MNCN 15.05/88105, 3 mm in length, Swanage (southern England). B, MNCN 15.05/90423, 4 mm in length, Swanage (southern England) (photos Ian F. Smith). C, MNCN/ADN 118948, 1.5mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). D, MNCN/ADN 118950, 1mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). E, MNCN 15.05/88106, 2 mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). F, MNCN 15.05/88107, 2mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). Photos A and B, courtesy of Ian F. Smith; photos C–F by Ana Karla Araujo.
Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 2. Runcina coronata species-complex. Detail of Clade F extracted from the analyses illustrated in Figure 1. Continuous rectangles, ABGD analysis based on the COI dataset. Dotted rectangles, bPTP analysis based on the COI dataset. *, branches with maximum support. 1, refers to sequences from Genbank.
Figure 7 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 7. Living animals of Runcina caletensis (A, B) and Runcina tingensis (C, D). A, MNCN/AND 118949, 1.5 mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). B, MNCN 15.05/200113, 3 mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). C, MNCN 15.05/91514, 1.5mm in length, Tangier (north-western Morocco; Atlantic Ocean). D, MNCN 15.05/200114, 2mm in length, Tangier (north-western Morocco; Atlantic Ocean). A, B images by Ana Karla Araujo; C, D images courtesy of Naoufal Tamsouri.
Figure 6. Male reproductive system. A in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 6. Male reproductive system. A, Runcina coronata, southern England (MNCN 15.05/90423). B, Runcina aurata, La Caleta, Cádiz, south-western Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/88106). C, Runcina caletensis, La Caleta, Cádiz, southwestern Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/200113). D, Runcina tingensis, Tangier, north-western Morocco, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/91514). Shaded area indicates the presence of sperm. Abbreviations: MO, male opening; PP, penial papilla; PG, prostate gland; SV, seminal vesicle.
Figure 11 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 11. Scanning electron micrographs of radula of Runcina hornae (MNCN 15.05/90654, 1 mm in length, Mataro, Spain). A, rachidian teeth. B, lateral teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 μm; B = 10 μm.
Figure 10 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 10. Living animals of Runcina hornae. Specimens from Catalonia, north-eastern Spain (Mediterranean Sea). A, MNCN 15.05/88104, 1 mm in length. B, MNCN 15.05/90661, 1 mm in length. C, MNCN/AND 118954, 2 mm in length. D, MNCN 15.05/90656, 1.5 mm in length. E, MNCN 15.05/90660, 3 mm in length. F, MNCN 15.05/90655, 3 mm in length. G, MNCN 15.05/90659, 2.5 mm in length. H, MNCN 15.05/90665, 1.5 mm in length. I, MNCN 15.05/90658, 1.5 mm in length. J, MNCN 15.05/90654, 2 mm in length. L, MNCN 15.05/90657, 1 mm in length. M, MNCN 15.05/90662, 2 mm in length. N, MNCN 15.05/90664, 3 mm in length. O, MNCN 15.05/90663, 1 mm in length. P, MNCN 15.05/88110, 2 mm in length. Images A, E, G, H courtesy of Carlés Galià; images B, F, M, N, O courtesy of Marina Poddubetskaia; images C, D, I, J, L, P by Ana Karla Araujo.
Distribution. Botswana, in Okavango Delta along Gomoti River, Zambia in Kafue National Park, and Zimbabwe in Mana Pools National Park; it may occur in Mozambique and South Africa. in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. Botswana, in Okavango Delta along Gomoti River, Zambia in Kafue National Park, and Zimbabwe in Mana Pools National Park; it may occur in Mozambique and South Africa.
Selected HRRRv4 model output and plotting scripts for 'Evaluation of a cloudy cold-air pool in the Columbia River Basin in different versions of the HRRR model'
<p>This zip file contains selected model output data from HRRRv4 and plotting scripts used for the paper 'Evaluation of a cloudy cold-air pool in the Columbia River Basin in different versions of the HRRR model' which is submitted for publication to the journal Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).</p> <p>The individual files are:</p> <p>d01_d02_lwd_allsurfacestations_v4fp1_v4fp2.nc: longwave downward radiation flux at the locations of surface stations in the investigation area for domains d01 and d02 and runs v4fp1 and v4fp2<br> d01_d02_lwp_Wasco_v4fp1_v4fp2.nc: liquid water path at Wasco for domains d01 and d02 and runs v4fp1 and v4fp2<br> d01_d02_lwp_allsurfacestations_v4fp1_v4fp2.nc: liquid water path at the locations of surface stations in the investigation area for domains d01 and d02 and runs v4fp1 and v4fp2<br> d01_d02_lwp_gridpointsbelow500mMSL_v4fp1_v4fp2.nc: liquid water path at all grid points in the Columbia River Basin with a terrain height of less than 500 m for domains d01 and d02 and runs v4fp1 and v4fp2<br> d01_d02_lwp_numbergridpointsbelow500mMSL_v4fp1_v4fp2.nc: Number of gridpoints in the Columbia River Basin with a terrain height of less than 500 m MSL and a LWP larger than 10 g/m2 for domains d01 and d02 and runs v4fp1 and v4fp2<br> d01_d02_swd_allsurfacestations_v4fp1_v4fp2.nc: shortwave downward radiation flux at the locations of surface stations in the investigation area for domains d01 and d02 and runs v4fp1 and v4fp2<br> d01_d02_t2m_allsurfacestations_v4fp1_v4fp2.nc: 2-m temperature at the locations of surface stations in the investigation area for domains d01 and d02 and runs v4fp1 and v4fp2<br> d01_d02_windspeed_7sites_v4fp1_v4fp2.nc: Wind speed profiles at 7 sites in the investigation area for domains d01 and d02 and runs v4fp1 and v4fp2<br> d01_temperatureprofiles_Wasco_v4fp1.nc: temperature profiles at Wasco for domain d01 and run v4fp1<br> d01_temperatureprofiles_Wasco_v4fp2.nc: temperature profiles at Wasco for domain d01 and run v4fp2<br> d02_swd_spatial_v4fp1.nc: spatial distribution of surface shortwave downward radiation for domain d02 and run v4fp1<br> d02_temperatureprofiles_Wasco_v4fp1.nc: temperature profiles at Wasco for domain d02 and run v4fp1<br> d02_temperatureprofiles_Wasco_v4fp2.nc: temperature profiles at Wasco for domain d02 and run v4fp2<br> d02_terrain.nc: terrain height for domain d02<br> plot_miscs_hrrr_longforecasts.py: master script for plotting<br> plot_routines_wfip2_lf.py: plot routines for various type of plots<br> read_routines_wfip2_lf.py: read routines for all kinds of data<br> sites_locations_wfip2.txt: latitude, longitude and height of used stations<br> basic_functions.py: helper functions for plotting</p>
Neutral and adaptive drivers of genomic change in introduced brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations revealed by pooled sequencing
<p>Understanding the drivers of successful species invasions is important for conserving native biodiversity and for mitigating the economic impacts of introduced species. However, whole-genome resolution investigations of the underlying contributions of neutral and adaptive genetic variation in successful introductions are rare. Increased propagule pressure should result in greater neutral genetic variation, while environmental differences should elicit selective pressures on introduced populations, leading to adaptive differentiation. We investigated neutral and adaptive variation among nine introduced brook trout (<em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em>) populations using whole-genome pooled sequencing. The populations inhabit isolated alpine lakes in western Canada and descend from a common source, with an average of ~19 (range of 7-41) generations since introduction. We found some evidence of bottlenecks without recovery, no strong evidence of purifying selection, and little support that varying propagule pressure or differences in local environments shaped observed neutral genetic variation differences. Putative adaptive loci analysis revealed non-convergent patterns of adaptive differentiation among lakes with minimal putatively adaptive loci (0.001%-0.15%) that did not correspond with tested environmental variables. Our results suggest that (i) introduction success is not always strongly influenced by genetic load, (ii) observed differentiation among introduced populations can be idiosyncratic, population-specific, or stochastic, and (iii) conservatively, in some introduced species, colonization barriers may be overcome by support through one aspect of propagule pressure or benign environmental conditions.</p>
Utilizing woody materials for fungal-based management of soil nitrogen pools
<p><span>Application of nitrogen fertilizers to reach high crop production is common practice. However, this can come with an environmental cost, irrespectively of the synthetic or organic origin of the nitrogen fertilizer. Intensively managed soils often fail to retain excess nitrogen, which leads to contamination of ground- and surface water. Next to abiotic factors like soil texture, limited nitrogen retention is ascribed to low activity of saprotrophic fungi. It has been shown that amendment of arable soils with cellulose-rich materials can effectively stimulate resident saprotrophic fungi. The current study investigated the relationship between fungal dynamics (biomass, composition) and nitrogen immobilization-remobilization dynamics upon soil amendment with woody materials Mineral nitrogen pools, ergosterol and ITS2 amplicon sequences were analyzed during a 6-months pot experiment. Carbon-rich amendments included sawdusts of deciduous (beech, willow) and coniferous (Douglas fir, larch) tree species, beech wood chips, wheat straw and combinations of these materials. Excess nitrogen derived from addition of either mineral or organic fertilizer.</span></p> <p><span>Deciduous wood sawdust resulted in rapid stimulation of fungal biomass, mainly consisting of saprotrophic Sordariomycetes. This was accompanied by a reduction in the mineral N pool equivalent to 24–60 kg N ha<sup>-1 </sup>for four to over six months. The intensity of nitrogen immobilization depended on sawdust application rate and the type of fertilizer. Single amendments of coniferous sawdust and beech wood chips had minor effects, but led to prolonged nitrogen retention when combined with beech sawdust. </span></p> <p><span>Our conclusion is that, fungus-stimulating woody soil amendments have great potential to increase nitrogen use efficiency in arable soils. </span></p>
FIGURE 1. Characteristic pool zone for Lepidostoma abruptum Banks 1931 in Larval morphology, life cycle and nutritional values of Lepidostoma abruptum Banks 1931 (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae) from Lower-Hill Evergreen Forests of Southern Thailand
FIGURE 1. Characteristic pool zone for Lepidostoma abruptum Banks 1931at the study site in Tai Rom Yen National Park, Thailand.
Surface dissolved oxygen taken at the Lehanagh Pool Salmon pens at IMTA lab Ireland
<p>Surface dissolved oxygen taken at the Lehanagh Pool Salmon pens at IMTA lab Ireland</p>
Lobster deployment, mortality and growth monitoring data at Lehanagh Pool_IMTA lab Ireland
<p>Lobster deployment, mortality and growth monitoring data at Lehanagh Pool_IMTA lab Ireland</p>
Salinity measurements recorded at Lehanagh Pool using hand-held refractometers_IMTA lab Ireland
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