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opennotspecifiedJun 2000View details →

Fig. 2 in Species Richness Of Dung-Feeding Beetles (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Scarabaeidae, Hybosoridae) In Tropical Rainforest At Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia

Fig. 2. Species accumulation graph for dungfeeding beetles collected by flight intercept trap.

restrictedcc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Data from: Distribution models predict climate-related range alteration or extinction of eleven threatened tropical rainforest trees in the Western Ghats

This dataset contains information related to species occurence data and species distribution modeling (SDM) analysisr of eleven threatened tree species. Occurrences are compiled from extensive field surveys in the Anamalai Hills along with data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org) and earlier work done within the southern Western Ghats, India. References: Page, N. V., & Shanker, K. (2020). Climatic stability drives latitudinal trends in range size and richness of woody plants in the Western Ghats, India. PLOS ONE, 15(7), e0235733. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235733 GBIF.org (2022) GBIF Occurrence Download, 2 August 2022. DOI:10.15468/dl.gnvuxj AUTHOR #1 1. Name: A.P. Madhavan 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Email address: madhavan@ncf-india.org 4. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2754-8256 AUTHOR #2 1. Name: Kshama Bhat 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Email address: kshama@ncf-india.org 4. ORCID: ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6190-2687 AUTHOR #3 1. Name: Srinivasan Kasinathan 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Email address: srini@ncf-india.org 4. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-6653 AUTHOR #4 1. Name: Divya Mudappa  2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Email address: divya@ncf-india.org  4. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826 AUTHOR #5 1. Name: Navendu Page 2. Work Address: Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box No. 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India 3. Email address: navendu.page@gmail.com 4. ORCID: ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9413-7571 AUTHOR #6 1. Name: T. R. Shankar Raman  2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Email address: trsr@ncf-india.org  4. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953 Keywords: tropical rainforest, climate change, tree distributions, species distribution models, range shifts, Western Ghats Geographic Coverage: 1. Location/Study Area: Southern Western Ghats Montane Rain Forests, Southern Western Ghats Moist Deciduous Forests, India 2. GPS coordinates: SWG (73.95° – 80.33° E, 8.06° – 13.11°N)  Temporal coverage Starts: 2020-08-01 Ends: 2024-03-28 Besides this README.txt file, the dataset includes three comma-delimited text files (csv); two R scripts, and 1 kml file of surveyed trails. CSV files with the data in columns as explained below: 1) Focal_Tree_Dat.csv Comp: Number identifier FT_ID: Unique tree no for each individual Focal_tree: Scientific name of species Date: Date of occurrence observation Place: Area/locality description Trail: Unique trail ID Waypoint: Waypoint number      Time: Time in hh:mm format     Location: Specific description of occurrence locality     Latitude: Latitude in decimal degrees N  Longitude: Longitude in decimal degrees E  Elevation: Elevation in metres     Slope: Cateory of slope  ID_Notes: Notes on identification Phenophase: Phenophase expression at the time of observation                              GBH: Girth at breast height in centimetres (comma separated list of numbers in case of multi-stemmed trees)      Tree_ht: Tree height in metres Canopy_ht: Maximimum height of the surrounding canopy in metres Substrate: Soil substrate composition Invasives: Name of invasive species (if present)     Stature: Vegetation strata position  Relatively: Stature of focal individual relative to other surrounding individuals  Deadwood: Description of deadwood on the tree     Damage: Description of damage on the bole  Shape: Description of tree canopy shape Closure: Canopy closure at focal tree     Seedlings: Number of conspecific seedlings present in 5 m radius of focal tree     Saplings: Number of conspecific saplings present in 5 m radius of focal tree Trees:    Number of conspecific trees present in 5 m radius of focal tree Remarks: Remarks  2) Ffspecies.csv Source: Source of occurrence     ID: State/location of occurrence Region: Biogeographic region of occurrence  decimalLatitude: Latitude in decimal degrees N decimalLongitude: Longitude in decimal degrees E species: Scientific name of species 4) ft_surveys.csv Date: Date of survey of sample trail Prot_type: Category indicating whether protected area or fragment     Place: Area/locality description Route_description: Specific landmark description of trail Trail: Unique trail ID     Trail_distance: Tracked distance of trail in km     Corrected_trail_distance: Corrected distance of trail in km Track_filename_kml: File name of gps track Sample_collected: Name of species if sample collected     Observers: Name of observers      Remarks: Remarks ANALYSES SCRIPTS flexsdm_script.R Script containing the analysis of all maxent distribution modeling and associated analysis Franklinia_density.Rmd Script of density and abundance related analysis

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Leaf litter mixture experiment in a tropical montane rainforest

In this dataset are included values of mass loss, microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and the slope of microbial growth after glucose addition, as well as the abundance of microarthropods (Acari and Collembola) of a litter mixture experiment in a tropical montane rainforest Ecosystem. In the experiment leaves of six native tree species (Cecropia andina, Dictyocaryum lamarckianum, Myrcia pubescens, Cavendishia zamorensis, Graffenrieda emarginata, and Clusia spp.) were used to fill litterbags and were incubated in monocultures and all possible two and four species combinations in the field for 6 and 12 months.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Figure 4 from: Pan X-Y, Song Z-K, Qu Z, Liu T-D, Ma H-X (2022) Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. MycoKeys 86: 47-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623

Figure 4 Xylaria polysporicola (FCATAS 848, holotype) a, b stromata on leaves (b, FCATAS 851) c stromatal surface d section through stroma, showing perithecia e, g asci and ascal apical ring in Melzer's reagent f, i ascal apical ring in Melzer's reagent h asci in black India ink j ascospore with germ slit in 1% SDS k, l ascospore in water m, n ascospore showing a slimy sheath and non-cellular appendages in India ink (FCATAS 850) o Ascospore in 1% SDS. Scale bars: 1 cm (a, b); 0.2 mm (c, d); 10 µm (e–o).

Figure 3 from: Pan X-Y, Song Z-K, Qu Z, Liu T-D, Ma H-X (2022) Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. MycoKeys 86: 47-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623

Figure 3 Xylaria lindericola (FCATAS 852, holotype) a, b stromata on leaves c fertile part of stroma d stromatal surface e section through stroma, showing perithecia f ascal apical ring and ascospores with beaked ends in Melzer's reagent g ascus and ascal apical ring in Melzer's reagent h ascus in water i, j ascospores in water k, l ascospore in Melzer's reagent m ascospore in India ink n ascospore in 1% SDS showing germ slit. Scale bars: 1.5 cm (a, b); 0.2 mm (c–e); 10 µm (f–n).

Figure 1 from: Pan X-Y, Song Z-K, Qu Z, Liu T-D, Ma H-X (2022) Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. MycoKeys 86: 47-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623

Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree of Xylaria based on multigene alignment of ITS-TUB-RPB2 in the Bayesian analysis. Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥ 0.95, before the slash markers) and RaxML bootstrap values (≥ 50, after the slash markers) are shown. Different clades are indicated as coloured blocks.

Figure 2 from: Pan X-Y, Song Z-K, Qu Z, Liu T-D, Ma H-X (2022) Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. MycoKeys 86: 47-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623

Figure 2 Xylaria hedyosmicola (FCATAS 856, holotype) a, b, e stromata on leaves (b, FCATAS 857) c stromatal surface d section through stroma, showing a perithecium f immature asci in water g, h ascal apical ring in Melzer's reagent i, j ascospores in Melzer's reagent k ascus in 1% SDS l, m asci and ascal apical ring in Melzer's reagent n ascospore in Melzer's reagent showing straight germ slit o ascospore in Melzer's reagent showing slightly sigmoid germ slit p, q ascospore showing a slimy sheath and non-cellular appendages in India ink. Scale bars: 1 cm (a, b); 0.1 mm (c, d); 0.5 mm (e); 20 µm (f, m); 10 µm (g–l, n–q).

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

dryad28/100

Verification of the accuracy of the recent 50 years of tree growth and long-term change in intrinsic water-use efficiency using xylem Δ14C and δ13C in trees in an aseasonal tropical rainforest

Growth analysis based on tree-ring chronology is difficult in trees in aseasonal tropical rain forests, because annual growth rings may be unclear or completely absent. Fortunately, tree growth history recorded in xylem tissue is capable of providing valuable information on the responses of trees and forests to past and present environmental changes, including global warming. We have developed a new technique for aseasonal tropical forest trees which derives their growth rates from xylem Δ14C, and verified its accuracy. We also determined, from xylem δ13C, the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) in the past 50 years. We analyzed changes in xylem Δ14C and δ13C in 23 canopy trees of 12 species in 6 families growing in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia; each stem diameter at breast height (DBH) was recorded 14 times from 1969 to 2011. We found a significant positive relationship between the growth rates determined by 14C dating and the past DBH data. On the other hand, leaf-internal CO2 (Ci) content did not change with increasing atmospheric CO2 (Ca). Thus, the iWUE increased significantly over the last 50 years in all the families and species tested. This study showed that the simultaneous measurements of xylem Δ14C and δ13C could reveal a long-term change in tree growth and iWUE during the past 50 years with high accuracy in various species and/or individuals in aseasonal tropical rainforests exhibiting high species diversity.

opennotspecifiedApr 2022View details →

FIGURE 4 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica

FIGURE 4. Male Tico sierra sp. n. wing venation; black = vein, italics = crossvein, green = cell.

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Floral attraction and flower visitors of a subcanopy tropical rainforest tree, F. picrosperma_Data

1. Flowering plants in tropical rainforests rely heavily on pollen vectors for successful reproduction. Research into pollination systems in tropical rainforests is dominated by canopy species, while subcanopy plant-pollinator interactions remain under-represented. The microclimate beneath the rainforest canopy is characterised by low light levels and is markedly different from the canopy environment that receives more light energy. 2. We studied the floral attractants and floral visitors of a dioecious, subcanopy tree, Fontainea picrosperma (Euphorbiaceae) in the Wet Tropics bioregion of northern Queensland, Australia. 3. We found that wind pollination is rare and male and female flowers do not produce nectar. Female flowers are likely pollinated due to their perceptual similarity to pollen-offering male flowers. Female flowers had the same scent profile as male flowers and floral scent was an important floral attractant that acted to regulate pollinator behaviour. The two most abundant scent compounds present in the floral bouquet were benzyl alcohol and 4-oxoisophorone. These compounds are ubiquitous in nature and are known to attract a wide variety of insects. Both day-time and night-time pollinators contributed to successful pollen deposition on the stigma and diurnal flower visitors were identified from several orders of insects including beetles, flies, predatory wasps and thrips. Fontainea picrosperma is therefore likely to be pollinated by a diverse array of small insects. 4. Synthesis. Our data indicates that F. picrosperma has a generalist, entomophilous pollination syndrome. The rainforest subcanopy is a distinctive environment characterised by low light levels, low or turbulent wind speeds and relatively high humidity. Female flowers of F. picrosperma exhibit cost saving strategies by not producing nectar and mimicking the smell of reward-offering male flowers. Insects opportunistically forage on, or inhabit flowers and pollination occurs from a pool of small insects with low-energy requirements that are found beneath the rainforest canopy.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Figure 1 in Monthly variation of leaf litter Collembola in the tropical rainforest of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico

Figure 1. Map of the study site (A) Surroundings of the region of Los Tuxtlas in the state of Veracruz, (B) Region of Los Tuxtlas, (C) Study area at the Tropical Biology Field Station.

Figures 8-10 from: Casale A (2021) Biodiversity in tropical rainforests: Calleida Dejean, 1825 at the BIOLAT Biological Station, Rio Manu, Peru, with descriptions of seven new species (Coleoptera Carabidae, Lebiini). Part 1. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 479-510. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.64082

Figures 8-10 Median lobe of aedeagus and abdominal segment IX of Calleida species 8C. solitaria sp. nov., male holotype 9C. manuensis sp. nov., male holotype 10C. anomala sp. nov., male holotype A left lateral aspect B dorsal aspect C abdominal segment IX. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 11- 12 from: Casale A (2021) Biodiversity in tropical rainforests: Calleida Dejean, 1825 at the BIOLAT Biological Station, Rio Manu, Peru, with descriptions of seven new species (Coleoptera Carabidae, Lebiini). Part 1. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 479-510. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.64082

Figures 11- 12 Calleida demathani sp. nov. 11 male holotype, habitus (original label in MNHN) 12 idem, female paratype.

Figures 18- 19 from: Casale A (2021) Biodiversity in tropical rainforests: Calleida Dejean, 1825 at the BIOLAT Biological Station, Rio Manu, Peru, with descriptions of seven new species (Coleoptera Carabidae, Lebiini). Part 1. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 479-510. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.64082

Figures 18- 19 Calleida spp. from Rio Manu (Peru), habitus 18Calleida maxima sp. nov., female holotype 19C. jeanneli Liebke, specimen from Rio Mau (Peru).

Figures 14-16 from: Casale A (2021) Biodiversity in tropical rainforests: Calleida Dejean, 1825 at the BIOLAT Biological Station, Rio Manu, Peru, with descriptions of seven new species (Coleoptera Carabidae, Lebiini). Part 1. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 479-510. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.64082

Figures 14-16 Median lobe of aedeagus of Calleida species 14C. demathani sp. nov., male holotype 15C. erwini sp. nov., male holotype 16C. marginithorax sp. nov., male holotype. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 20-23 from: Casale A (2021) Biodiversity in tropical rainforests: Calleida Dejean, 1825 at the BIOLAT Biological Station, Rio Manu, Peru, with descriptions of seven new species (Coleoptera Carabidae, Lebiini). Part 1. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 479-510. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.64082

Figures 20-23 Calleida spp. from Rio Manu (Peru), female genitalia (apical reproductive tract and gonocoxite 2) and apical margin of elytra 20C. maxima sp. nov. 21C. jeanneli Liebke 22C. maxima sp. nov. 23C. jeanneli Liebke. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (20, 21).

opennotspecifiedOct 2018View details →

Figure 2 in Diet of tropical insectivorous birds in lowland Malaysian rainforest

Figure 2. The overall distribution of prey individuals determined in dietary samples of birds.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2014View details →

Fig. 90 in Comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

Fig. 90. Theridion irrugatum sp. nov., holotype male. A. Pedipalpus, prolateral view; B. Pedipalpus, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2014View details →

Fig. 89 in Comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

Fig. 89. Theridion falcatum sp. nov., holotype male. A. Pedipalpus (cymbium removed), ventral view; B. Pedipalpus, ventral view; C. Pedipalpus, prolateral view; D. Pedipalpus, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.