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367 results for “crinoid”
Fig. 6 in Epibionts on upper Eifelian crinoid columnals from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
Fig. 6. Frequency distribution of crinoid stem−based taxa from the Skały Beds (upper part of complex XVII, Tortodus kockelianus Zone), Skały village, Holy Cross Mountains. Infestation rates (%) in brackets.
Data from: Biodiversity, systematics, and new taxa of cladid crinoids from the Ordovician Brechin Lagerstätte
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Data from: Temporal trends of predation resistance in Paleozoic crinoid arm branching morphologies
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Paleocommunity composition, relative abundance, and new camerate crinoids from the Brechin Lagerstätte (Upper Ordovician)
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Data from: Comparing taxonomic and geographic scales in the morphologic disparity of Ordovician through Early Silurian Laurentian Crinoids
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Data from: A re‐interpretation of the ambulacral system of Eumorphocystis (Blastozoa, Echinodermata) and its bearing on the evolution of early crinoids
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Data from: Spinosity, regeneration, and targeting among Paleozoic crinoids and their predators
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Data from: Bayesian estimation of fossil phylogenies and the evolution of early to middle Paleozoic crinoids (Echinodermata)
Knowledge of phylogenetic relationships among species is fundamental to understanding basic patterns in evolution and underpins nearly all research programs in biology and paleontology. However, most methods of phylogenetic inference typically used by paleontologists do not accommodate the idiosyncrasies of fossil data and therefore do not take full advantage of the information provided by the fossil record. The advent of Bayesian 'tip-dating' approaches to phylogeny estimation is especially promising for paleosystematists because time-stamped comparative data can be combined with probabilistic models tailored to accommodate the study of fossil taxa. Under a Bayesian framework, the recently developed fossilized birth–death (FBD) process provides a more realistic tree prior model for paleontological data that accounts for macroevolutionary dynamics, preservation, and sampling when inferring phylogenetic trees containing fossils. In addition, the FBD tree prior allows for the possibility of sampling ancestral morphotaxa. Although paleontologists are increasingly embracing probabilistic phylogenetic methods, these recent developments have not previously been applied to the deep-time invertebrate fossil record. Here, I examine phylogenetic relationships among Ordovician through Devonian crinoids using a Bayesian tip-dating approach. Results support several clades recognized in previous analyses sampling only Ordovician taxa, but also reveal instances where phylogenetic affinities are more complex and extensive revisions are necessary, particularly among the Cladida. The name Porocrinoidea is proposed for a well-supported clade of Ordovician 'cyathocrine' cladids and hybocrinids. The Eucladida is proposed as a clade name for the sister group of the Flexibilia herein comprised of cladids variously considered 'cyathocrines,' 'dendrocrines,' and/or 'poteriocrines' by other authors.
Data from: Assessing canalisation of intraspecific variation on a macroevolutionary scale: the case of crinoid arms through the Phanerozoic
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Text-fig. 1. Location of the locality "Na Plešivci" quarry (asterisk). in Unique Discovery Of The Crinoid Gemmacrinus Perplexus Prokop Et Petr, 1989 In The Lower Devonian, Koněprusy Limestone (Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 1. Location of the locality "Na Plešivci" quarry (asterisk).
Data from: Bayesian estimation of fossil phylogenies and the evolution of early to middle Paleozoic crinoids (Echinodermata)
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Data from: Assessing canalisation of intraspecific variation on a macroevolutionary scale: the case of crinoid arms through the Phanerozoic
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FIGURE 4. Crustacean decapods associated with crinoids collected from the Lakshadweep Islands. a in Notes on some crinoid associated decapod crustaceans (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Lakshadweep Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean
FIGURE 4. Crustacean decapods associated with crinoids collected from the Lakshadweep Islands. a. Synalpheus carinatus (De Man, 1888), lateral view; b. S. comatularum (Haswell, 1882), lateral view; c. S. stimpsonii (De Man, 1888), lateral view; d. Palaemonella pottsi (Borradaile, 1915); e. Permanotus purpureus (Gordon, 1934).
FIGURE 3. a in Notes on some crinoid associated decapod crustaceans (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Lakshadweep Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean
FIGURE 3. a. Microscopic image of Synalpheus carinatus (De Man, 1888) carapace, lateral view; b. same, anterior region of carapace along with the major chela, dorsal chela; c. same, posterior abdominal segments and telson, dorsal view; d. S. comatularum (Haswell, 1882)—whole animal, lateral view; e. same, posterior region of carapace, dorsal view; f. same, dorsal view of telson; g. S. stimpsonii (De Man, 1888)—carapace, dorsal view; h. same, anterior region of carapace dorsal view; i. same, major chela, venterolateral view; j. Palaemonella pottsi (Borradaile, 1915)—whole animal, lateral view; k. same, anterior region of carapace, dorsal view; l. same, dorsal view of telson showing posterior spines, Scale bar: a,d,e,g,h,i= 2mm, b,c,f,j–l= 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in The Shallow-water Crinoid Fauna of Lakshadweep Atolls, North-western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 1. Map of study area showing the location of central Lakshadweep (upper left; omitting Minicoy I. to the south and Bassas de Pedro to the north) relative to India (upper right) and locations of the seven belt transects at which crinoids were collected at three atolls (boldface in upper left map).
FIGURE 2. A‒D. Comaster schlegelii. A–B.MTRLDST E0225 in The Shallow-water Crinoid Fauna of Lakshadweep Atolls, North-western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 2. A‒D. Comaster schlegelii. A–B.MTRLDST E0225, aboral view showing centrodorsal, cirri, brachitaxes, and proximal arms (A) and in situ (B). C–D. MTRLDST E0224, aboral view showing centrodorsal lacking cirri, brachitaxes, and proximal arms (C) and in situ (D). E. Himerometra robustipinna, MTRLDST E0227, in situ. F. Phanogenia typica, MTRLDST E0223, aboral view showing centrodorsal, brachitaxes and proximal arms. G. Comanthus wahlbergii, MTRLDST E0231, oblique aboral view showing centrodorsal, cirri, brachitaxes, and proximal arms.
FIGURE 7 in New Eocene species of the crinoid genera Holopus and Cyathidium (Cyrtocrinida: Holopodidae) from north-eastern Italy
FIGURE 7. Main quantitative characters of aboral cup and IBrax in fossil Holopodidae. S: Cyathidium holopus from Seymour Island. Straight lines: values of H/D and H/Wd. Other values in mm.
FIGURE 6 in New Eocene species of the crinoid genera Holopus and Cyathidium (Cyrtocrinida: Holopodidae) from north-eastern Italy
FIGURE 6. Holopus rangii (MNHN-IE-2013-11946). A–C: IBrax, A: oblique view of distal muscular synarthries, B: adoral view, C: close-up of fulcral ridge and outer ligament area (la) of proximal muscular synarthry, D–E: IIBr1, D: oblique distal view, E: close-up of pinnule socket, F: oblique aboral view of IIBr2 with proximal synarthrial facet; arrow: adoral interradial process, arrow head: pinnule socket. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURE 11 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 11. Constraints to phylogenetic reconstruction and classification of post-Paleozoic crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk (except Caledonicrinus): first hypothesis. This hypothesis implies substantial changes in taxonomy and phylogeny: Bourgueticrinus suedicus (B.s), B. ellipticus (B.e) and Dunnicrinus (Dunn) are considered as belonging to the same lineage corresponding to the family Bourgueticrinidae sensu stricto (Bourg), B. fisheri (?B.fish) is not considered as congeneric with B. ellipticus and B. suedicus, Naumachocrinus (Naum) deriving from B. fisheri lineage. Two other extant families with xenomorphic stalk distant to Bourgueticrinina are mentioned for comparison: Septocrinidae (Septo and associated colour) and Guillecrinidae (Guill and associated colour). See discussion in text. Other abbreviations—Bathy: genera of Bathycrinidae other than Naumachocrinus, B.cf: B. ex gr. fisheri of Zitt & Vodrazka (2008), Carst: Carstenicrinus, Cherb: Cherbonniericrinus, Conoc: Conocrinus, Demo: Democrinus, Paleo: Paleobathycrinus sensu Klikushin (1982), Parac: Paraconocrinus, Phryn and associated colour: Phrynocrinidae, Pseudo: Pseudoconocrinus, Rhizo: Rhizocrinus.
Fig. 6 in Assessment of hidden diversity of crinoids and their symbionts in the Bay of Nhatrang, Vietnam
Fig. 6 Accumulation of symbiont species as a function of collecting effort for six of the most numerous crinoid species. a Cenometra bella. b Himerometra robustipinna. c Comanthus gisleni. d Comaster nobilis. e Comanthus parvicirrus. f Lamprometra palmata
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