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440 results for “flatworm”
Fig. 1 in Three new Neotropical species and a new genus of land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplaninae)
Fig. 1. Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida & Carbayo sp. nov., living holotype (MZUSP PL2187), 56 mm in length. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view.
Fig. 6 in Three new Neotropical species and a new genus of land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplaninae)
Fig. 6. Paraba tata Bolonhezi, Lago-Barcia & Carbayo sp. nov. A. Dorsal view of living paratype F3151 (MZUSP PL2185). B. Ventral view of living paratype F3151. C. Anterior region of paratype F3768 (MZUSP PL2186) cleared in clove oil. D. Photomicrograph of a transverse section of the cephalic region of paratype F3151 showing the three typical layers of the cutaneous musculature and a sensory pit.
Fig. 5 in Three new Neotropical species and a new genus of land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplaninae)
Fig. 5. Obama apiguara. Oliveira, Almeida & Carbayo sp. nov. holotype (MZUSP PL2187). Diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus from sagittal sections.
Seminal fluid-mediated fitness effects in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano
<p>As a class, seminal fluid proteins are expected to exert strong effects on mating partners due to the selection pressures of sperm competition and sexual conflict. But because of the complexity of this secretion, linking specific proteins to downstream effects on own fitness – via manipulating the reproductive behavior, physiology and ultimately the sperm utilization of mating partners – is not straightforward. Here we adopted a systematic gene knockdown approach to screen for seminal fluid-mediated fitness effects in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm <i>Macrostomum lignano</i>. We focused on 18 transcripts in <i>M. lignano</i> seminal fluid, testing how their RNA interference-induced knockdown impacted on three aspects of donor (male) reproductive success: (i) fertility (offspring production of the partner); (ii) defensive sperm competitive ability, <i>P</i><sub>1</sub>; and (iii) offensive sperm competitive ability, <i>P</i><sub>2</sub>. In general, the knockdown of most individual transcripts appeared to have only a minor impact on male reproductive success, though we found evidence that the knockdown of up to five different transcripts impacted on fertility; the knockdown of two other transcripts resulted in reduced <i>P</i><sub>2</sub>, and knockdown of a further transcript actually increased <i>P</i><sub>2</sub>. We thus identify a number of candidate seminal fluid transcripts that appear to modulate offspring production and sperm competitiveness in <i>M. lignano</i>. That only a minority of transcripts exhibit such a pattern likely reflects both the difficulty of accurately estimating sperm competitiveness and the functional redundancy of seminal fluid.</p>
Data from: Indirect genetic effects and sexual conflicts: Partner genotype influences multiple morphological and behavioural reproductive traits in a flatworm
The expression of an individual's phenotypic traits can be influenced by genes expressed in its social partners. Theoretical models predict that such indirect genetic effects (IGEs) on reproductive traits should play an important role in determining the evolutionary outcome of sexual conflict. However, empirical tests of (i) whether reproductive IGEs exist, (ii) how they vary among genotypes, and (iii) whether they are uniform for different types of reproductive traits are largely lacking. We addressed this in a series of experiments in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano. We found strong evidence for IGEs on both morphological and behavioural reproductive traits. Partner genotype had a significant impact on the testis size of focal individuals—varying up to 2.4-fold—suggesting that IGEs could mediate sexual conflicts that target the male sex function. We also found that time to first copulation was affected by a genotype × genotype interaction between mating partners, and that partner genotype affected the propensity to copulate and perform the postcopulatory suck behaviour, which may mediate conflicts over the fate of received ejaculate components. These findings provide clear empirical evidence for IGEs on multiple behavioural and morphological reproductive traits, which suggests that the evolutionary dynamics of these traits could be altered by genes contained in the social environment.
Data from: Occurrence, costs and heritability of delayed selfing in a free-living flatworm
Evolutionary theory predicts that in the absence of outcrossing opportunities, simultaneously hermaphroditic organisms should eventually switch to self-fertilization as a form of reproductive assurance. Here we report the existence of facultative self-fertilization in the free-living flatworm Macrostomum hystrix, a species in which outcrossing occurs via hypodermic insemination of sperm into the parenchyma of the mating partner. First, we show that isolated individuals significantly delay the onset of reproduction compared to individuals with outcrossing opportunities ("delayed selfing") as predicted by theory. Second, consistent with the idea of M. hystrix being a preferential outcrosser under natural conditions, we report likely costs of selfing manifested via reduced hatchling production and offspring survival. Third, we demonstrate that selfing propensity has a genetic basis in this species, with a heritability estimated at 0.43 ± 0.11. Variation in selfing propensity could arise due to differing costs of inbreeding among families, though despite marked inter-family variation in apparent costs of inbreeding we found no evidence for such a link. Alternatively, selfing propensity might differ across families because of heritable variation in reproductive traits that determine the likelihood of selfing. We speculate that adaptations to hypodermic insemination under outcrossing, most notably a highly modified copulatory stylet (male copulatory organ) and reduced sperm complexity, could also facilitate facultative selfing in this species.
FIGURE 4 in First description of deepsea polyclad flatworms from the North Pacific: Anocellidus n. gen. profundus n. sp. (Anocellidae, n. fam.) and Oligocladus voightae n. sp. (Euryleptidae)
FIGURE 4. Diagram of ventral view of Anocellidus profundus n. sp. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 9 in " Microturbellarian " flatworms (Platyhelminthes) from freshwater pools: New species and records from Israel
FIGURE 9: Strongylostoma elongatum elongatum Hofsten, 1907. Habitus; lightly squashed.
FIGURES 14–15 in Two new marine flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Rhabditophora: Proseriata) of the genus Otoplana Du Plessis, 1889 from the upper Tuscany sandy shores (Italy)
FIGURES 14–15. Spines of male sclerotic apparatus of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov.
FIGURES 5–6 in Two new marine flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Rhabditophora: Proseriata) of the genus Otoplana Du Plessis, 1889 from the upper Tuscany sandy shores (Italy)
FIGURES 5–6. Spines of male sclerotic apparatus of Otoplana labronica sp. nov.
FIGURE 4 in Contribution to the knowledge of cotylean flatworms (Turbellaria, Polycladida) from Iranian coasts: Introducing a new species, with remarks on new records
FIGURE 4. Pseudobiceros uniarborensis. Live specimens.
FIGURE 44 in Land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) of São Tomé: a first account on their diversity, with the description of five new species
FIGURE 44. Othelosoma simile. Holotype, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory system.
FIGURE 10 in Land flatworms of the genus Pasipha (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) in Argentina, with description of three new species
FIGURE 10. Pasipha mbya sp. nov. (MLP-He 6476). Photograph of a live specimen, in dorsal view.
Figure 16 in The true identity of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) flatworm spreading across Europe
Figure 16. Obama nungara sp. nov. Anterior region of paratype MZUSP PL 1595 in clove oil.
Figure 11 in The true identity of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) flatworm spreading across Europe
Figure 11. Obama nungara sp. nov. Holotype creeping in dorsal view. About 40 mm in length.
Figure 4. Obama marmorata. A in The true identity of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) flatworm spreading across Europe
Figure 4. Obama marmorata. A region anterior to the pharynx of specimen MZUSP PL 1603 in clove oil.
FIGURE 1 in Updated inventory and distribution of free-living flatworms from Tunisian waters
FIGURE 1. Distributional records in Tunisia of the species studied in this paper.
The invasive land flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus: repeated sequences in the mitogenome, extra-long cox2 gene and paralogous rRNA clusters
<p>Fasta and tbl files for the mitogenomes of various Rhynchodeminae</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Liu H-L, Lin D-H, Wang A-T, Hu Z-L, Zhang Y (2024) Description of a new marine flatworm of Prosthiostomum (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Prosthiostomidae) from the South China Sea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100(2): 437-445. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.114482
Supplementary information
Figure 4 from: Liu H-L, Lin D-H, Wang A-T, Hu Z-L, Zhang Y (2024) Description of a new marine flatworm of Prosthiostomum (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Prosthiostomidae) from the South China Sea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100(2): 437-445. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.114482
Figure 4 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of species of the family Prosthiostomidae based on 28S rDNA. For clades that received either ≥70% ML bootstrap or ≥0.80 BI posterior probability, the support values are presented at the nodes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.