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Figure 4 in An updated distribution of the Andean swamp rat Neotomys ebriosus along the Peruvian Andes with notes on habitat use and taxonomy

Figure 4: Heavily trampled bogs close to Lake Marcapomacocha. FMNH 107998 collection locality occurred around here (photo: Alan Chamorro).

Figure 1 in An updated distribution of the Andean swamp rat Neotomys ebriosus along the Peruvian Andes with notes on habitat use and taxonomy

Figure 1: Neotomys ebriosus (individual not collected) at the entrance of its burrow in peat near a bofedal, shared with Akodon juninensis and Calomys sorellus (photo: Álvaro García).

Figure 3 in An updated distribution of the Andean swamp rat Neotomys ebriosus along the Peruvian Andes with notes on habitat use and taxonomy

Figure 3: Area covered mostly by bogs with interspersed bunchgrass. Individual CORBIDI 466 was collected at the sides of the humid ravine at the center (photo: Javier Barrio).

Figure 2 in An updated distribution of the Andean swamp rat Neotomys ebriosus along the Peruvian Andes with notes on habitat use and taxonomy

Figure 2: Records of Andean swamp rat Neotomys ebriosus in Peru, with selected squares amplified (map developed by Jorge Novoa). (A–D) Selected sections amplified. Red: CORBIDI records; green: VertNet records; pink: MUSM records; blue: MUSA records; yellow: localities from Fajardo et al. 2014. Numbers as listed in Table 1.

opennotspecifiedNov 2023View details →

Figure 3 in Unprecedented habitat use by an arboreal Neotropical marsupial (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) in the Cerrado

Figure 3: Photos of two of the five individuals of the brown-eared woolly opossum (Caluromys lanatus) captured in pitfall traps in gallery forests of the Brazilian Cerrado.

opennotspecifiedNov 2023View details →

Figure 2 in Unprecedented habitat use by an arboreal Neotropical marsupial (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) in the Cerrado

Figure 2: Pitfall traps that were used to capture brown-eared woolly opossum (Caluromys lanatus) for the first time on the ground in the Brazilian Cerrado.

opennotspecifiedNov 2023View details →

Figure 1 in Unprecedented habitat use by an arboreal Neotropical marsupial (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) in the Cerrado

Figure 1: Locations of the two gallery forests in the Brazilian Cerrado where we captured the brown-eared woolly opossum (Caluromys lanatus) for the first time in pitfall traps. The white circle in the left indicates the gallery forest at the Reserva Ecológica do IBGE (RECOR), and the white circle on the right indicates the gallery forest at the Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília (EEJBB).

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Behaviour-related scalar habitat use by Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer)

Studies of habitat use by animals must consider behavioural resource requirements at different scales, which could influence the functional value of different sites. Using Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, we tested the hypotheses that behaviour affected use between and within habitats, hereafter referred to as macro- and microhabitats, respectively. We fitted GPS-enabled collars to fifteen buffalo and used the distances and turning angles between consecutive fixes to cluster the resulting data into resting, grazing, walking and relocating behaviours. Distance to water and six vegetation characteristic variables were recorded in sites used for each behaviour, except for relocating, which occurred too infrequently. We used multilevel logistic regressions to identify variables that characterised macro- and microhabitats. Our results showed that macrohabitat use was linked to behaviour, although this was least apparent during the rainy season, when resources were most abundant. Behaviour-related microhabitat use was less significant, but variation in forage characteristics could predict behaviour within all macrohabitats. The variables predicting behaviour were not consistent, but resting and grazing sites were more readily identifiable than walking sites, highlighting the importance of resting, as well as foraging, site availability in buffalo spatial processes. Our results emphasise the importance of considering several behaviours and scales in studies of habitat use to understand the links between environmental resources and animal behavioural and spatial ecology.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Differences in rheotactic responses contribute to divergent habitat use between parapatric lake and stream threespine stickleback

Migration among populations is widely thought to undermine adaptive divergence, assuming gene flow arises from random movement of individuals. If individuals instead differ in dispersal behavior, phenotype-dependent dispersal can reduce the effective rate of gene flow or even facilitae divergence. For example, parapatric populations of lake and stream stickleback tend to actively avoid dispersing into the adjoining habitat.. However, the behavioral basis of this non-random dispersal was previously unknown. Here we show that lake and stream stickleback exhibit divergent rheotactic responses (behavioral response to currents). During the breeding season, wild-caught inlet stream stickleback were better than lake fish at maintaining position in currents, faced upstream more, and spent more time in low-current areas. As a result, stream fish expended significantly less energy in currents than did lake fish. These divergent rheotactic responses likely contribute to divergent habitat use by lake and stream stickleback. Although rheotactic differences were absent in non-breeding fish, divergent behavior of breeding-season fish may suffice for assortative mating by breeding location. The resulting reproductive isolation between lake and stream fish may explain the fine-scale evolutionary differentiation in parapatric stickleback populations.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Modelling habitat distributions for multiple species using phylogenetics

In this paper, we describe an empirical approach to model community structure using phylogenetic signals. That approach combines information about the species (i.e. traits and phylogeny) with information about the habitat (i.e. environmental conditions and spatial distribution of sampling sites) and their interactions to predict the species responses (e.g. the local densities). As an application, we use the approach to model fish densities in rivers. In the model, the different species and size classes were described using a functional trait, body length, and phylogenetic eigenvectors maps whereas the sites were described using water velocity, depth, substrate composition, macrophyte cover, degree-days, total phosphorus, and spatial eigenvector maps. The model (estimated using a regularised Poisson-family Generalised Linear Modelling approach) fitted the data well (likelihood-based R2adj=0.512) and showed fair predictive power (likelihood-based cross-validation R2=0.283) to predict the density of fish pertaining to 48 species totalling 143 combinations of species and size classes in 15 unregulated Canadian rivers. Using the model as a baseline to estimate the effect of flow regulation on community composition, we found that, with few exceptions, the densities of most fish species were lower in regulated than in unregulated rivers. Phylogenetics have been proposed to study community structure, but this is, to our knowledge, the first time phylogenetic information is used explicitly for numerical habitat modelling. We expect that models of that type will be in increasing demand now that development projects are routinely assessed through impact studies.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Habitat patch use by fishers in the deciduous forest-dominated landscape of the central Appalachian Mountains, USA

Fishers (Pekania pennanti) are often associated with the coniferous and mixed forests of the northern United States and central Canada, and their ecology has been studied extensively in portions of their distributional range. Recently, natural range expansion and reintroductions have led to recolonization by fishers of portions of the central Appalachian Mountains, USA, where deciduous forest is the dominant vegetation type. We used noninvasive hair snare surveys and microsatellite genetic analysis to detect fishers in the central Appalachian Mountains of Pennsylvania, USA. We used these detections within an occupancy modeling framework to explore habitat patch use by fishers and the forest characteristics and land use features that influenced it. We found that the likelihood of patch use by fishers was related to forests with higher proportions of low-density residential areas. Our results also suggested lower road densities might be related to higher likelihood of fisher patch use. Fishers in Pennsylvania tolerated some forms of land development. Patch use was not driven by forest type or canopy cover, at least within our deciduous forest-dominated study areas. Future research identifying the threshold values at which forest cover and land development affect patch use by fishers in the central Appalachian Mountains will better inform management decisions with respect to sites for future reintroduction of fishers.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Data from: Contrasting effects of land cover on nesting habitat use and reproductive output for bumble bees

<a name="_Hlk64216363">Understanding habitat quality is central to understanding the distributions of species on the landscape, as well as to conserving and restoring at-risk species. Although it is well-known that many species require different resources throughout their life cycles, pollinator conservation efforts focus almost exclusively on forage resources. In this study, we evaluate nesting habitat for bumble bees by locating nests directly on the landscape. We compared colony density and colony reproductive output for Bombus impatiens, the common eastern bumble bee, across three different land cover types (hay fields, meadows, and forests). We also assessed nesting habitat associations for all Bombus nests located during surveys to tease apart species-specific patterns of habitat use. We found that B. impatiens nested under the ground in two natural land cover types, forests and meadows, but found no B. impatiens nests in hay fields. Though B. impatiens nested at similar densities in both meadows and forests, colonies in forests had much higher reproductive output. </a>In contrast, B. griseocollis tended to nest on the surface of the ground and was almost always found in meadows. B. perplexis was the only species to nest in all three habitat types, including hay fields. For some bumble bee species in this system, meadows, the habitat type with abundant forage resources, may be sufficient to maintain them throughout their life cycles. However, B. impatiens might benefit from heterogeneous landscapes with forests and meadows. Results for B. impatiens emphasize the longstanding notion that habitat use is not always positively correlated with habitat quality (as measured by reproductive output). Our results also show that habitat selection by bumble bees at one spatial scale may be influenced by resources at other scales. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of direct nest searches for understanding bumble bee distribution and ecology.

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Using vertebrate environmental DNA from seawater in biomonitoring of marine habitats

Conservation and management of marine biodiversity depends on biomonitoring of marine habitats, but current approaches are resource-intensive and require different approaches for different organisms. Environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from water samples is an efficient and versatile approach to detecting aquatic animals. In the ocean, eDNA composition reflects local fauna at fine spatial scales, but little is known about the effectiveness of eDNA-based monitoring of marine communities at larger scales. We investigated the potential of eDNA to characterize and distinguish marine communities at large spatial scales by comparing vertebrate species composition among marine habitats in Qatar, the Arabian Gulf (also known as the Persian Gulf), based on eDNA metabarcoding of seawater samples. We conducted species accumulation analyses to estimate how much of the vertebrate diversity we detected. We obtained eDNA sequences from a diverse assemblage of marine vertebrates, spanning 191 taxa in 73 families. These included rare and endangered species and covered 36% of the bony fish genera previously recorded in the gulf. Sites of similar habitat type were also similar in eDNA composition. The species accumulation analyses showed that the number of sample replicates was insufficient for some sampling sites but suggested that a few hundred eDNA samples could potentially capture >90% of the marine vertebrate diversity in the study area. Our results confirm that seawater samples contain habitat-characteristic molecular signatures and that eDNA monitoring can efficiently cover vertebrate diversity at scales relevant to national and regional conservation and management.

opennotspecifiedSep 2018View details →

Figure 1 in Activity patterns and habitat use of pudu deer (Pudu puda) in a mountain forest of south-central Chile

Figure 1. (a) Activity time of the pudu deer in Caramávida, Nahuelbuta Mountain Range, southcentral Chile, throughout the entire period of the study. Bold lines indicate the proportions of active behaviour for each hour. (b) Daily activity patterns across seasons.

opennotspecifiedSep 2018View details →

Figure 2 in Activity patterns and habitat use of pudu deer (Pudu puda) in a mountain forest of south-central Chile

Figure 2. Percentage representation of activity patterns of pudu in Caramávida, Nahuelbuta Mountain Range, according to light availability periods (see text for criteria) during the seasons surveyed.

opennotspecifiedJul 2013View details →

Figure 1 in Composition and habitat use of small mammals in old-growth mountain forests

Figure 1. Location of the study area in the Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park (in dark grey) and its peripheral area (in light grey), indicating the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinates. White squares, Abies alba plots; black squares, Pinus uncinata plots. Contour lines represent different altitude levels. Darker areas within the National Park boundaries correspond to lakes.

Figure 2 in Habitat use by the South-American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) in south-eastern Brazil

Figure 2. Mean¡SD of body-surface temperature (°C) of Crotalus durissus in different microhabitats. Dots represent averages (°C) and bars, SD. Data obtained for captures and relocations of rattlesnakes at the Itirapina Ecological Station, State of São Paulo, south-eastern Brazil.

Figure 5 in Habitat use by the South-American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) in south-eastern Brazil

Figure 5. Capture rates of rattlesnakes (rattlesnakes/km) during the dry (black columns) and rainy seasons (white columns) obtained from searchers by car in roads and firebreaks at the Itirapina Ecological Station, State of São Paulo, south-eastern Brazil.

Figure 3 in Habitat use by the South-American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) in south-eastern Brazil

Figure 3. Observed (black columns) and expected (white columns) numbers of rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus) in the different microhabitats at the Itirapina Ecological Station, State of São Paulo, south-eastern Brazil.

Figure 1 in Habitat use by the South-American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) in south-eastern Brazil

Figure 1. Average substrate temperature (°C) in the microhabitats used by Crotalus durissus (black columns) and available microhabitats (white columns); and mean¡SD of body-surface temperature (°C). Data obtained from radio-tracked rattlesnakes at the Itirapina Ecological Station, State of São Paulo, south-eastern Brazil.