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Figure 1 in Predation by white-fronted capuchin monkeys, Cebus albifrons on eggs of three species of freshwater turtles in Brazilian Amazonia: solitary nests are also depredated
Figure 1. The location of Jaú National Park, within Brazil, and of the study site within the park.
monkey
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mRNA expression analysis of the hippocampus in a Vervet monkey model of FASD
<p>The vervet monkey (<i>Chlorocebus </i>aethiops) has proven to be an invaluable tool for researching voluntary alcohol ingestion and the sequelae that can arise from such behaviour. In this study, a vervet monkey model for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder was generated by providing a cohort of alcohol preferring, pregnant dams the option to ingest alcohol between gestational days 90-165 with a corresponding sucrose matched control group. Subsequently, gene expression analysis of the hippocampus was contrasted at 5 months and 2 years using the GeneChip Rhesus Macaque Genome Array in a 2x2 study design which interrogated two independent variables, Age and Alcohol consumption. The analysis identified a global downregulation of expression when interrogating Alcohol as a main effect with a relative balance of upregulation and downregulation using Age as a main effect. Functional annotation of both independent variables was performed with Alcohol generating broad functional annotation clusters which could implicate an epigenetic role in downregulation, while Age reliably produced functional annotation clusters predominantly related to development. Furthermore, our data reveal a novel connection between <i>EFNB1</i> and FASD which is highly plausible given its role in development as well as its central role in craniofrontal nasal syndrome (CFNS).</p>
FIG. 2 in The Late Miocene colobine monkeys from Aragai (Lukeino Formation, Tugen Hills, Kenya)
FIG. 2. — View of the site of Aragai,in the foreground, the small area (with orange-red sediment and around the big Balanites tree) which yielded the colobine material.
FIG. 10. — Sawecolobus lukeinoensis n. gen., n in The Late Miocene colobine monkeys from Aragai (Lukeino Formation, Tugen Hills, Kenya)
FIG. 10. — Sawecolobus lukeinoensis n. gen., n. sp., post-canine teeth: A, left P/3 OCO 305'11: A1, buccal view; A2, lingual view; A3, mesial view; A4, occlusal view; B, right p/3 OCO 101'11: B1, mesial view; B2, distal view; B3, lingual view; B4, buccal view; C, left M2/ BAR 470'00: C1, lingual view; C2, distal view; C3, buccal view; C4, mesial view; C5, occlusal view; D, left: M2/ BAR 1597'01: D1, occlusal view; D2, buccal view of interior of tooth; E, left m/2 BAR 1190'03: E1, buccal view; E2, mesial view; E3, lingual view; E4, distal view; E5, occlusal view; F, half right m/3 BAR 250'03: F1, lingual view; F2, distal view; F3, mesiobuccal view; F4, mesial view; F5, occlusal view; G, right m/2 BAR 349'04: G1, lingual view; G2, distal view; G3, buccal view; G4, mesial view; G5, occlusal view; H, right m/2 OCO 335'10: H1, buccal view; H2, mesial view; H3, lingual view; H4, distal view; H5, occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm except for H, 1 cm.
Habitat selection of samango monkeys
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Aim: </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>As habitat loss continues to accelerate with global human population growth, identifying landscape characteristics that influence species occurrence is a key conservation priority in order to prevent global biodiversity loss. In South Africa, the arboreal samango monkey (<i>Cercopithecus albogularis sp</i>.) is threatened due to loss and fragmentation of the indigenous forests it inhabits. The aim of this study was to determine the habitat preferences of the samango monkey at different spatial scales, and to identify key conservation areas to inform management plans for this species. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Location: </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>This study was carried out in the western Soutpansberg Mountains, which represents the northernmost population of samango monkeys within South Africa, and the only endangered subspecies (<i>C. a. schwarzi</i>).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods: </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We used sequentially collected GPS points from two samango monkey groups followed between 2012 – 2017 to quantify the used and available habitat for this species within the western Soutpansberg Mountains. We developed 2<sup>nd</sup> (selection of ranging area), 3<sup>rd</sup> (selection within range) and 4<sup>th</sup>(feeding site selection) order resource selection functions (RSFs) to identify important habitat features at each scale. Through scale integration, we identified three key conservation areas for samango monkeys across Limpopo Province, South Africa.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results: </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Habitat productivity was the most important landscape variable predicting probability of use at each order of selection, indicating the dependence of these arboreal primates on tall-canopy indigenous forests. Critical habitat across Limpopo was highly fragmented, meaning complete isolation between subpopulations is likely. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Main Conclusions: </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Understanding the habitat characteristics that influence samango monkey distribution across South Africa is crucial for prioritising critical habitat for this species. Our results indicated that large, contiguous patches of tall-canopy indigenous forest are fundamental to samango monkey persistence. As such, protected area expansion of large forest patches and creation of forest corridors are identified as key conservation interventions for this species. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Naniwa of a monkey
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Post-conflict Behaviors of Wild Gelada Monkeys (Theropithecus gelada) at Guassa, Ethiopia
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Fig. 2 in Pathological findings associated with Dipetalonema spp. (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) infection in two species of Neotropical monkeys from Brazil
Fig. 2 Histological findings of Dipetalonema spp. infection in Alouatta guariba clamitans and Sapajus nigritus. (a; case 13) Lung, longitudinal section of 15 to 30 μm microfilariae in the lumen of capillary in alveolar septum. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE), × 400. (b; case 24) Cross section of adult female filarial nematode showing coelomyarian muscles (m), lateral cords (cl), intestine (i), and uterus (u) with developing microfilariae (arrowhead), attached to fibrous and fibrinous serositis associated with a moderate pyogranulomatous infiltrate. HE, × 400. (c; case 32) Heart, longitudinal section of an adult filarial nematode adhered to the epicardium (arrowhead) and associated with mild fibrous serositis (arrow). HE, × 40. (d; case 13) Lung, moderate thickening of visceral pleura due to proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and fibrin deposition, lymphohistiocytic and eosinophilic infiltrate (arrowhead) and focal mineralization (arrow). HE, × 200 (e; case 13) Heart, fibrous, and fibrinous serositis associated with inflammation (arrow), and filarial nematode cross-sections (arrowhead). HE, × 40. (f; case 32) Spleen, fibrous and fibrinous serositis associated with an intense pyogranulomatous infiltrate (arrow). HE, ×100
Fig. 3 in Pathological findings associated with Dipetalonema spp. (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) infection in two species of Neotropical monkeys from Brazil
Fig. 3 Phylogenetic tree of filarioid species built from partial sequences of cox1 gene. Values at the nodes indicate posterior probabilities from BI and bootstrap values from ML analyses. Dashes indicate values below 0.70 and 50, respectively. Colored are sequences obtained from Dipetalonema sp. specimens within this study: violet = specimens from Alouatta guariba clamitans; red = specimens from Sapajus nigritus
Figure 1. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean-dendrogram showing clustering pattern for 26 in Intra and inter-monkey transmission of bacteria in wild black capuchins monkeys (Sapajus nigritus): a preliminary study
Figure 1. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean-dendrogram showing clustering pattern for 26 genotypes of enterococci isolated from paired oral (O) and rectal (R) swabs of black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus-SN). UPGMA using Sorensen-Dice coefficients of similarity (> 75%).
Figures 2-7 from: Back JP, Suzin A, Aguiar LM (2019) Activity Budget and Social Behavior of Urban Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus sp.) (Primates, Cebidae). Zoologia 36: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30845
Figures 2-7 Social webs expressing interactions (in percentage of the total observation records) for each sex-age dyad of urban capuchin monkeys in each social behavior: (2) social play, n = 1,476 events; (3) grooming, n = 547; (4) threat, n = 241; (5) aggression, n = 31; (6) allocarrying, n = 193; (7) food sharing, n = 39. Percentages of emissions and receptions are in decreasing order in all columns, except for social play. Line thickness is proportional to the percentages of interactions of each dyad. (AF) adult females, (JUV) juveniles, (AM) adult male, (SUB) subadults, (INF) infants.
Figure 1 from: Back JP, Suzin A, Aguiar LM (2019) Activity Budget and Social Behavior of Urban Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus sp.) (Primates, Cebidae). Zoologia 36: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30845
Figure 1 Proportions of records (in percentage) of behavioral categories in the activity budget of sex-age classes of urban capuchin monkeys. Boxes represent the interquartile ranges; horizontal lines within the boxes represent the medians; whiskers indicate minimum and maximum values; circles indicate the proportions of records per hour of observation. Different letters indicate significant differences between sex-age classes. Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test; p ≤ 0.05. (AF) adult females, (AM) adult male, (SUB) subadults, (JUV) juveniles.
Data from: Rhesus monkeys show human-like changes in gaze following across the lifespan
Gaze following, or co-orienting with others, is a foundational skill for human social behavior. The emergence of this capacity scaffolds critical human-specific abilities such as theory of mind and language. Nonhuman primates also follow others' gaze, but less is known about how the cognitive mechanisms supporting this behavior develop over the lifespan. Here we experimentally tested gaze following in 481 semi-free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) ranging from infancy to old age. We found that monkeys began to follow gaze in infancy and this response peaked in the juvenile period—suggesting that younger monkeys were especially attuned to gaze information, like humans. After sexual maturity, monkeys exhibited human-like sex-differences in gaze following, with adult females showing more gaze following than males. Finally, older monkeys showed reduced propensity to follow gaze, just as older humans do. In a second study (n=80), we confirmed that macaques exhibit similar baseline rates of looking upwards in a control condition, regardless of age. Our findings indicate that—despite important differences in human and nonhuman primate life history characteristics and typical social experiences—monkeys undergo robust ontogenetic shifts in gaze following across early development, adulthood, and aging that are strikingly similar to those of humans.
Data from: A modular framework characterizes micro- and macroevolution of Old World monkey dentitions
The study of modularity can provide a foundation for integrating development into studies of phenotypic evolution. The dentition is an ideal phenotype for this as it is developmentally relatively simple, adaptively highly significant, and evolutionarily tractable through the fossil record. Here, we use phenotypic variation in the dentition to test a hypothesis about genetic modularity. Quantitative genetic analysis of size variation in the baboon dentition indicates a genetic modular framework corresponding to tooth type categories. We analyzed covariation within the dentitions of six species of Old World monkeys (OWMs) to assess the macroevolutionary extent of this framework: first by estimating variance–covariance matrices of linear tooth size, and second by performing a geometric morphometric (GM) analysis of tooth row shape. For both size and shape, we observe across OWMs a framework of anterior and postcanine modules, as well as submodularity between the molars and premolars. Our results of modularity by tooth type suggest that adult variation in the OWM dentition is influenced by early developmental processes such as odontogenesis and jaw patterning. This study presents a comparison of genotypic modules to phenotypic modules, which can be used to better understand their action across evolutionary time scales.
Figure 7 in The radiation of red colobus monkeys (Primates, Colobinae): morphological evolution in a clade of endangered African primates
Figure 7. Females. Phenogram of the species mean shapes with bootstrap proportions of node repeatability (shown if> 0.5). Mean shapes of representatives of the study taxa are shown using surface rendering. The grand mean of all species means is also shown. Asterisks indicate very small samples (N ³ 5).
Figure 2 in The radiation of red colobus monkeys (Primates, Colobinae): morphological evolution in a clade of endangered African primates
Figure 2. (a) Landmark configuration (modified from Cardini et al., 2007a). (b) The symbols for the study taxa defined here are used in all figures.
Data from: An Early Oligocene age for the oldest known monkeys and rodents of South America
<p>The Santa Rosa fossil locality in eastern Perú produced the first Paleogene vertebrate fauna from the Amazon Basin, including the oldest known monkeys from South America. This diverse paleofauna was originally assigned an Eocene age, based largely on the stage of evolution of the site's caviomorph rodents and marsupials. Here we present new detrital zircon dates that indicate that the maximum composite age of Santa Rosa is 29.6±0.8 Ma (Lower Oligocene), although several zircons from Santa Rosa date to the Upper Oligocene. The first appearance datum for Caviomorpha in South America is purported to be the CTA-27 site in the Contamana region of Perú, which is hypothesized to be ~41 Ma (Middle Eocene) in age. However, the presence of the same caviomorph species and/or genera<i> </i>at both CTA-27 and at Santa Rosa is now difficult to reconcile with a >11 Myr age difference. To further test the Middle Eocene age estimate for CTA-27, we ran multiple Bayesian tip-dating analyses of Caviomorpha, treating the ages of all Paleogene species from Perú as unknown. These analyses produced mean age estimates for Santa Rosa that overlap with the maximum 29.6±0.8 Ma composite date provided by detrital zircons, but predict that CTA-27 is much younger than currently thought (~31-30 Ma). We conclude that the ~41 Ma age proposed for CTA-27 is incorrect and that there are currently no compelling Eocene records of either rodents or primates in the known fossil record of South America.</p>
Infant cannibalism in wild white-faced capuchin monkeys
<p><span><span>Cannibalism has been observed in a variety of animal taxa, however, it is relatively uncommon in primates. Thus we rely heavily on case reports of this behavior to advance our understanding of the contexts under which it occurs. Here we report the first observation of cannibalism in a group of wild white-faced capuchin monkeys (<i>Cebus imitator</i>). The subject was a dead infant, estimated to be 10 days old, and the probable victim of infanticide. Consumption of the corpse was initiated by a 2-year-old male (second cousin of the infant), though it was eventually taken over and monopolized by the group's alpha female (grandaunt of the infant). Although most group members expressed interest in the corpse (sniffing, touching, threatening it), no others made an attempt to consume it. Given that this is the only observation of cannibalism recorded in over 37 years of study on this population, we consider it to be a rare behavior in this species. This detailed record contributes new data, which, when combined with other reports within and across species and contexts, enables the evaluation of adaptive explanations of cannibalism.</span></span></p>
Hookworm of Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) from Alam Damai, Cheras, KL
<p>Hookworm larvae found in the large intestine of Macaca fascicularis, a monkey commonly found in Malaysia. The larvae detected using Harada Mori technique. There were 12 samples but managed to get only one positive sample of larvae.</p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.