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Рис. 5–10. Pterostichus (Petrophilus) magoides, этикетки и генитаΛии самца. 5 – этикетки гоΛотипа; 6 – этикетки паратипа; 7 – энΔофаΛΛус, виΔ сΛева (экземпΛяр из Рахмановского Λесничества, Казахстан); 8–9 – меΔиаΛьная ΔоΛя эΔеагуса (экземпΛяр с Курчумского хребта, Казахстан): 8 – виΔ сΛева, 9 – виΔ сверху; 10 – правая парамера, виΔ сбоку (этот же экземпΛяр). Figs 5–10. Pterostichus (Petrophilus) magoides, labels and male genitalia. 5 – labels of the holotype; 6 – labels of the paratype; 7 – endophallus, left view (specimen from the Rakhmanovskoe Forestry, Kazakhstan); 8–9 – median lobe of aedeagus (specimen from the Kurchum Mountain Range, Kazakhstan): 8 – left view, 9 – dorsal view; 10 – right paramere, lateral view (the same specimen). in To the systematic position of Pterostichus (Petrophilus) magoides (Straneo, 1937) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Altai Mountains
Рис. 5–10. Pterostichus (Petrophilus) magoides, этикетки и генитаΛии самца. 5 – этикетки гоΛотипа; 6 – этикетки паратипа; 7 – энΔофаΛΛус, виΔ сΛева (экземпΛяр из Рахмановского Λесничества, Казахстан); 8–9 – меΔиаΛьная ΔоΛя эΔеагуса (экземпΛяр с Курчумского хребта, Казахстан): 8 – виΔ сΛева, 9 – виΔ сверху; 10 – правая парамера, виΔ сбоку (этот же экземпΛяр). Figs 5–10. Pterostichus (Petrophilus) magoides, labels and male genitalia. 5 – labels of the holotype; 6 – labels of the paratype; 7 – endophallus, left view (specimen from the Rakhmanovskoe Forestry, Kazakhstan); 8–9 – median lobe of aedeagus (specimen from the Kurchum Mountain Range, Kazakhstan): 8 – left view, 9 – dorsal view; 10 – right paramere, lateral view (the same specimen).
Data from: Multiple timescales of streambed flux variability in two perennial mountain-front streams
<p>Streambed fluxes are highly variable through time and space, having a range of implications for stream‐aquifer processes. This study investigated streambed fluxes over a 3‐year study period to characterize short‐ and long‐term variations and related implications for seepage recharge and hyporheic exchange. Time series of streambed fluxes were estimated through Darcy‐based methods using water level and temperature inputs from shallow (<1.5 m) nested streambed piezometers installed in two mountain‐front streams in Colorado, USA. Three predominant temporal scales of variability were characterized: sub‐daily (<1 day), daily (>1 day; <1 year), and interannual (>1 year). Temporal variability was quantified using the median absolute deviation (MAD), a statistical measure that is resistant to extreme values associated with short‐duration events. Sub‐daily variability (MADS‐D) was related to ET, temperature‐induced changes in hydraulic conductivity, and variable stream stage, and was quantified using the MAD of detrended fluxes (daily mean subtracted). Daily variability (MADD), calculated as the MAD of daily median fluxes for a given year, exceeded sub‐daily variability, and was influenced by strong seasonality at some sites. For individual sites and water years, the ratio of MADS‐D to MADD ranged from 0.03 to 0.70, with an average of 0.25. Annual median fluxes at each site varied across years, but typically remained consistent in order of magnitude and direction. Results reveal a strong linear correlation between the daily variability and the median annual flux at individual sites. Within a year, summer months characterized by stronger losing conditions showed greater overall variability. 1D numerical heat and flow modelling was performed to calibrate hydraulic parameters and to investigate temperature‐related controls for sub‐daily variations. We discuss implications of documented temporal variability for analyses of hyporheic exchange and groundwater recharge. Results provide a basis for quantifying temporal variations in streambed fluxes and highlight the extent to which fluxes vary over multiple timescales.</p>
Data from: Mating tactic influences body condition loss in Rocky Mountain bighorn rams (Ovis canadensis)
<p>In polygynous mating systems, males often employ alternative mating tactics to enhance reproductive success. In Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep, the primary tactics are coursing, involving mating chases, and tending, involving mate guarding. While both tactics are energetically costly and can diminish body condition, it remains unclear whether the associated costs significantly differ and to what extent. Our study investigated the impact of mating tactics, specifically the proportion of time allocated to each, on body condition loss during the rutting season in bighorn sheep. Using a non-invasive photographic method to estimate body condition loss, we found that the proportion of time a male spent tending significantly correlated with body condition loss. In contrast, the percentage of time spent coursing did not show a significant effect. Age was associated with the choice of tactic, with younger males predominantly coursing, older males primarily tending, and some intermediate-aged males employing both tactics concurrently. Despite the higher energetic costs, our results reveal the flexibility in tactic usage and indicate that tending, while demanding, is a high-cost, high-gain strategy, as tending rams are known to sire more offspring.</p>
Figure 3 in Acmaeodera (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): A new species of Acmaeodera Eschscholtz, 1829 from the southwestern United States, with three new synonymies, new state and host records, and a key to species occurring east of the Rocky Mountain states
Figure 3. Acmaeodera conoidea Fall, paralectotype ♂. a) Dorsal view. b) Ventral view. c) Lateral view. d) Broadly arcuate clypeus e) Third stria split near umbone. f) Protarsal claw.
Figure 2. Male genitalia, Acmaeodera tubulus species group. a in Acmaeodera (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): A new species of Acmaeodera Eschscholtz, 1829 from the southwestern United States, with three new synonymies, new state and host records, and a key to species occurring east of the Rocky Mountain states
Figure 2. Male genitalia, Acmaeodera tubulus species group. a) A. natlovei new species. b) A. neoneglecta. c) A. tubulus. d) A. neglecta. e) A. opuntiae.
Figure 1. Acmaeodera natlovei new species. a in Acmaeodera (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): A new species of Acmaeodera Eschscholtz, 1829 from the southwestern United States, with three new synonymies, new state and host records, and a key to species occurring east of the Rocky Mountain states
Figure 1. Acmaeodera natlovei new species. a) Holotype, dorsal view. b) Holotype, ventral view. c) Holotype, lateral view. d) Holotype, clypeus. e) Paratype protarsal claw ♂. f) Paratype protarsal claw ♀.
Figure 1 in New records of Torrenticola cf. meridionalis from Babia Góra Mountain (Poland)
Figure 1. Neighbour-joining (NJ) tree showing the genetic relationships between Polish haplotypes of Torrenticola cf. meridionalis (were marked as red circles) and the other COI records of T. meridionalis (Pešić et al. 2021a). Values near branches show bootstrap support (BS).
Figure 2 in New records of Torrenticola cf. meridionalis from Babia Góra Mountain (Poland)
Figure 2. Female of Torrenticola cf. meridionalis (BGR1 B24a) from Babia Góra stream – Right. Dorsal habitus; Left. Ventral habitus.
An integrated glaciological and meteorological dataset for Yulong Snow Mountain
<p><strong><span>Data Introduction</span></strong></p> <p><span>The dataset presented here offers a comprehensive insight into the dynamics of Yulong Snow Mountain (YSM), situated in a low latitude and high altitude region in the Northern Hemisphere (27.106°N, 100.205°E). The glaciers of YSM, characterized as temperate (warm) glaciers, exhibit a notable response to global environmental changes. Baishui River Glacier No. 1 (BGR1) stands as the largest and most renowned glacier on Yulong Snow Mountain. </span></p> <p><span>To reveal the glacier and climate change situation on the YSM, an alpine glacier and meteorological monitoring network has been established between 3,046 m and 4,700 m a.s.l. since 2006. This monitoring system comprises a glacier observation field and four automatic weather stations (AWSs), generating a long-term series of glacier and meteorological datasets that are the closest to the equator in the Northern Hemisphere. The dataset offers fundamental information for research on glaciers, climate, and hydrology, as well as for data collection and processing in regions of low latitude and high altitude. Moreover, it holds significant theoretical importance for the coordinated comparison of glaciers and meteorology in global hotspots.</span></p> <p><strong><span>File Names and Variable Descriptions</span></strong></p> <p><span>YSM: Yulong Snow Mountain</span></p> <p><span>BRG1: Baishui River Glacier No.1</span></p> <p><span>GHZ: Ganhaizi</span></p> <p><span>MNP: Maoniuping</span></p> <p><span>UC: Upper Cableway</span></p> <p><span>UG: Upper Glacier</span></p> <p><span>Ta: air temperature (℃)</span></p> <p><span>RH: relative humidity (%)</span></p> <p><span>Ws: wind speed (m/s)</span></p> <p><span>Ppt: precipitation (mm)</span></p> <p><span>P: air pressure (hPa)</span></p>
Mountain waves in the upper atmosphere of Venus
<p>This dataset contains the GCM reduced variables of the outputs of the Venus PCM for the manuscript "Mountain waves in the upper atmosphere of Venus". It consists of NetCDF files showed in the following figures:</p> <p>Figure 1. Zonal wind and wave amplitude above the Beta Regio area [100◦W-40◦W ; 30◦S-30◦N] for three local times.</p> <p>Figure 2. Maps of downwards vertical wind speed (cm/s) above Beta Regio from the cloud top (70 km) to the thermosphere (135 km) for three local times. Positive (negative) values are downwards (upwards).</p> <p>Figure 3. Westward zonal wind (averaged for latitudes 40◦S-40◦N for data accumulated over one solar day) as a function of local time for altitudes 100 and 135 km. Continuous lines are averaged for one solar day, whereas the dashed line is averaged only for local times 16h-18h above Beta Regio (longitude 78◦ W). </p> <p>Figure 4. Vertical wind speed for local times 14h-16h and all latitudes, in m/s above the cloud top.</p>
Figure 17 in Biogeography of the high mountain Lepidoptera in the Balkan Peninsula
Figure 17. Distribution of some xeromontane Noctuidae species at the Balkan Peninsula. Legend:♦ Rhyacia helvetina schepleri;□ Dichagyris celsicola goateri;● Chersotis capnistis schnacki;ORhyacia psammia stavroitiacus.
Figure 14 in Biogeography of the high mountain Lepidoptera in the Balkan Peninsula
Figure 14. Distribution ofErebia ottomana in Europa and on the Balkan peninsula. Legend: o – E. ottomana ottomana (Ulu dagh), b – E. ottomana balcanica, bu – E. ottomana bureschi, d – E. ottomana drenovskii, be – E. ottomana benacensis, t – E. ottomana tardenota.
Figure 12 in Biogeography of the high mountain Lepidoptera in the Balkan Peninsula
Figure 12. Distribution of arcticalpine species in the Carpathians and on the Balkan peninsula. Legend: ◊ Zygaena exulans, O Erebia pandrose, ♦ Glacies coracina, □ Grammia quenselii, ● Anarta melanopa rupestralis, O Agrotis fatidica.
Figure 15 in Biogeography of the high mountain Lepidoptera in the Balkan Peninsula
Figure 15. Distribution ofErebia rhodopensis and related species. Legend: rh – E. rhodopensis, ae – E. aethiopella, g – E. gorgone.
Figure 9 in Biogeography of the high mountain Lepidoptera in the Balkan Peninsula
Figure 9. Distribution of Boloria pales on the Balkan peninsula and in the Carpathians. The western Balkanic populations are connected with the Eastern Alpine nominotypic subspecies. The Southern Carpathian populations (B. pales carpathomeridionalis) are related to the Eastern BalkanicB. pales rilaensis.
Figure 11 in Biogeography of the high mountain Lepidoptera in the Balkan Peninsula
Figure 11. Distribution of Euphydryas cynthia in Europe. c – Euphydryas cynthia cynthia; a – Euphydryas cynthia alpicola; l – Euphydryas cynthia leonhardi; d – Euphydryas cynthia drenovskyi. The population of the Rila Mts shows some parallel characters (e.g. reddish submarginal spots in males, less dichrous females) with the nominotypic subspecies. The population of the Pirin Mts is characterised by whitish submarginal spots in males and more dichrous colouration in females, as in the subspeciesE. cynthia alpicola.
Figure 10 in Biogeography of the high mountain Lepidoptera in the Balkan Peninsula
Figure 10. Distribution ofErebia manto(black circles) undE. cassioides(open circles) in the high mountain systems of southeastern Europe. E. manto is widely distributed in the Carpathians, partly as the nominotypic subspecies (NNE Carpathians), partly as E. manto trajanus (E and S Carpathians). It occurs as E. manto osmana only in some high mountains of Bosnia. E cassioides occurs in the western Balkan Peninsula as E. cassioides illyrica (Crna Gora) and illyromacedonica (FYR Makedonia and Greek Macedonia), and as E. cassioides kinoshitai (Stara Planina) and E. cassioides macedonica(Rila, Pirin) in the eastern high mountains of the peninsula.
Figure 8 in Biogeography of the high mountain Lepidoptera in the Balkan Peninsula
Figure 8. Allo and parapatric distribution of Erebia tyndarus group in Europa. The Balkanic populations (Durmitor, Maglić, Volujak:R. cassioides illyrica; Šar planina, Korab: E.cassioides illyromacedonica; Stara Planina:E. cassioides kinoshitai; Rila, Pirin: E. cassioides macedonica) are allied to the Southern Carpathian E. cassioides neleus. Further abbreviations:c E. cassioides cassioides,caE. calcaria,a E. arvernensis,niE. nivalis,hE. hispania.
Figure 13 in Biogeography of the high mountain Lepidoptera in the Balkan Peninsula
Figure 13. Distribution ofBoloria graeca. Legend: Balcan peninsula southern part:B. graeca graeca; Balcan peninsula NW and E part:B. graeca balcanica; SW Alps:B. graeca tendensis.B. graeca graecaandB. graeca balcanicaare only slightly differentiated (probably as a geographical cline!).
Figure 4 in Biogeography of the high mountain Lepidoptera in the Balkan Peninsula
Figure 4. Distribution of Erebia melas on the Balkan peninsula and in the Carpathians. Legend: 1 – Erebia melas leonhardi; 2–3 – E. melas acoris(2) andE. melas nanos(3); 4 – E. melasof the Rtanj Planina (probably extinct); 5 – E. melas melas; 6 – E. melas koenigiella(instable altitudinal form ofE. m. melas); 7–9 – E. melas carpathicola(7, 8) and E. melas runcensis (9). Legend of the inlayed map: white sector – reddish coloration, black sector – black wing coloration; left side of the circle: male upper and underside, right side of the circle: female upper and underside (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Zoological State Collection Munich and coll. Varga, Debrecen).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.