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430 results for “reproductive success”

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dryad28/100

Data from: Spatially variable habitat quality contributes to within-population variation in reproductive success

Variation in habitat quality is common across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. We investigated how habitat quality influenced the reproductive potential of mud crabs across 30 oyster reefs that were degraded to different extents. We further coupled this field survey with a laboratory experiment designed to mechanistically determine the relationship between resource consumption and reproductive performance. We show a >10-fold difference in average reproductive potential for crabs across reefs of different quality. Calculated consumption rates for crabs in each reef, based on a type II functional response, suggest that differences in reproductive performance may be attributed to resource limitation in poor quality reefs. This conclusion is supported by results of our laboratory experiment where crabs fed a higher quality diet of abundant animal tissue had greater reproductive performance. Our results demonstrate that spatial variation in habitat quality can be a considerable contributor to within-population individual variation in reproductive success (i.e., demographic heterogeneity). This finding has important implications for assessing population extinction risk.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

zenodo28/100

Lifetime reproductive success and lifespan of Estonians born between 1905-1945

The dataset contains the data and R code to reproduce the plots and tables in a paper about survival costs and benefits of reproduction in early 20th century Estonia. The paper delves into the concept of cost of reproduction, a core concept in life-history evolution, which suggests a trade-off between increased investment in reproduction and reduced longevity or future reproductive capacity. However, this trade-off may not be easily observable due to individual variation in resource allocation, referred to as the "big car - big house effect".The study also discusses the non-linear association between offspring number and parental survival, often resulting in a J-shaped curve. This indicates that adults with two or three children have the lowest mortality risk, which increases with further increases in parity.The mechanisms behind these survival costs and benefits can be traced back to evolutionary genetics, suggesting a heritable component in human life history that involves a trade-off between fertility and longevity. This is rooted in the concept of antagonistic pleiotropy, where alleles beneficial for one set of fitness components may have detrimental effects on others. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of these complex relationships and their implications on human lifespan and senescence.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

dryad28/100

Selection data: Reproductive success and morphology

Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) have provided valuable insights into how sexual selection and life history tradeoffs can lead to variation within a sex. However, the possibility that tactics may constrain evolution through intralocus tactical conflict is rarely considered. In addition, when intralocus conflict has been considered, the focus has often been on the genetic correlations between the ARTs, while evidence that the ARTs have different optima for associated traits and that at least one of the tactics is not at its optima is often missing. Here we investigate selection on three traits associated with the alternative reproductive tactics in the swordtail fish Xiphophorus multilineatus; body size, body shape and the sexually selected trait for which these fishes were named, sword length (elongation of the caudal fin). All three traits are tactically dimorphic, with courter males being larger, deeper bodied and having longer swords, and the sneaker males being smaller, more fusiform and having shorter swords. Using measures of reproductive success in a wild population we calculated selection differentials, linear and quadratic gradients, demonstrate that the tactics have different optima and at least one of the tactics is not at its optima for body size and sword length. Our results provide the first evidence of selection in the wild on the sword, an iconic trait for sexual selection. In addition, given the high probability that these traits are genetically correlated to some extent between the two tactics, our study suggests that intralocus tactical conflict is constraining both body size and the sword from reaching their phenotypic optima. We discuss the importance of considering the role of intralocus conflict in the evolution of tactical dimorphism, how this conflict can be present despite tactical dimorphism, and how it is important to consider this conflict when explaining not only variation within a species but differences across species as well.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

dryad28/100

The contribution of extra-pair paternity to the variation in lifetime and age-specific male reproductive success in a socially monogamous species

In socially monogamous species, extra-pair paternity (EPP) is predicted to increase variance in male reproductive success beyond that resulting from genetic monogamy, thus increasing the 'opportunity for selection' (maximum strength of selection that can act on a trait). This prediction is challenging to investigate in wild populations because lifetime reproduction data are often incomplete. Moreover, age-specific variances in reproductive success have been rarely quantified. We analysed 21 years of near-complete social and genetic reproduction data from an insular population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis). We quantified the contribution of EPP to lifetime and age-specific opportunities for selection in males. We also compared the variance in male genetic reproductive success (RS) vs. social ('apparent') reproductive success (RSap) to assess if EPP increased the opportunity for selection over that resulting from genetic monogamy. EPP contributed substantially to the variance in lifetime RS, despite not causing a statistically significant excess of this over the variance in lifetime RSap. Partitioning the opportunity for selection into age-specific (co)variance components, showed that EPP provided a substantial contribution at most ages, varying with age. Therefore, in Seychelles warblers EPP likely provides an age-dependent contribution to the opportunity for selection, which can influence evolutionary processes in age-structured populations.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: White plumage color as an honest indicator: feather macrostructure links reflectance with reproductive effort and success

The structural condition of feathers may generally have a decisive role in shaping the color properties of the plumage. However, the information content of structurally mediated color differences is poorly known. This makes it particularly hard to determine the meaning of color variation in pigment-free white plumage patches. The white wing patch of the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) is an important sexual trait, and changes in its reflectance are partly due to macrostructural condition. We used two years of macrostructural, reflectance and breeding data from both sexes to examine whether wing patch macrostructure lends information content to actual reflectance in terms of reproductive effort and success. Macrostructure strongly predicted actual reflectance in males but only weakly in females. Furthermore, in males, feather vane width was related positively to current year reproductive effort, and negatively to previous year reproductive effort. This indicates that macrostructurally mediated reflectance attributes may inform the receiver not only of actual reproductive capacity but also of individual quality via reproductive costs.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

zenodo28/100

Fig. 1 in Spatial Variation In Prey Composition And Its Possible Effect On Reproductive Success In An Expanding Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila Heliaca) Population

Fig. 1. Breeding distribution of the imperial eagle in Hungary between 1995 and 2004. Data are presented in a 10 km × 10 km UTM grid. Regions: (1) Eastern Zemplén Mts, (2) Western Zemplén Mts, (3) Cserehát Mts, (4) Bükk Mts, (5) Mátra Mts, (6) Börzsöny Mts, (7) West-Heves Plain, (8) East-Heves Plain, (9) Borsodi Mezőség Plain, (10) Jászság Plain, (11) Nagykunság Plain, (12) Dévaványa Plain, (13) West-Békés Plain, (14) South-Békés Plain, (15) Hortobágy Plain, (16) Aggtelek Mts, (17) Gerecse Mts, (18) Vértes Mts, (19) Eastern Bakony Mts. Dark grey: two sample areas, where diet composition and reproductive success were compared. Grey: data on prey composi-

opencc-by-4.0May 2010View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Male body size predicts reproductive success but not within-clutch paternity patterns in gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus)

In many vertebrates, body size is an important driver of variation in male reproductive success. Larger, more fit individuals are more likely to dominate mating opportunities, skewing siring success and resulting in lower effective population sizes and genetic diversity. The mating system of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) has been characterized as both female-defense and scramble-competition polygyny. Mating systems are typically not fixed and can be influenced by factors such as population density, demographic structure, and environmental conditions; however, most populations will have a predominant strategy that results from local conditions. We assessed how male body size influences patterns of paternity and reproductive success in a natural population of gopher tortoises in Florida, USA. Using microsatellites, we assigned parentage of 220 hatchlings from 31 nests collected during two reproductive seasons. Larger males were significantly more likely to sire offspring and sired more offspring than smaller males; however, the likelihood of a clutch being multiply-sired was unrelated to male body size. We also found evidence of mate fidelity across years. Although paternity patterns in this high-density population are more consistent with defense polygyny, female monopoly by males was incomplete, with both large and small males contributing to multiply-sired clutches. Additional behavioral data are needed to clarify the role of female mate selection in paternity outcomes. The context-dependence of mating systems underscores the need to compare parentage patterns across populations and to recognize the potential for more than one strategy to be employed within a single population.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: MHC diversity, malaria and lifetime reproductive success in collared flycatchers

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes encode proteins involved in the recognition of parasite-derived antigens. Their extreme polymorphism is presumed to be driven by coevolution with parasites. Host-parasite coevolution was also hypothesised to optimize within-individual MHC diversity at the intermediate level. Here, we use unique data on lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of female collared flycatchers to test whether LRS is associated with within-individual MHC class II diversity. We also examined the association between MHC and infection with avian malaria. Using 454 sequencing, we found that individual flycatchers carry between 3 and 23 functional MHC class II B alleles. Predictions of the optimality hypothesis were not confirmed by our data as the prevalence of blood parasites decreased with functional MHC diversity. Furthermore, we did not find evidence for an association between MHC diversity and LRS.

opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Male seminal fluid substances affect sperm competition success and female reproductive behavior in a seed beetle

Male seminal fluid proteins are known to affect female reproductive behavior and physiology by reducing mating receptivity and by increasing egg production rates. Such substances are also though to increase the competitive fertilization success of males, but the empirical foundation for this tenet is restricted. Here, we examined the effects of injections of size-fractioned protein extracts from male reproductive organs on both male competitive fertilization success (i.e., P2 in double mating experiments) and female reproduction in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We found that extracts of male seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts increased competitive fertilization success when males mated with females 1 day after the females' initial mating, while extracts from accessory glands and testes increased competitive fertilization success when males mated with females 2 days after the females' initial mating. Moreover, different size fractions of seminal fluid proteins had distinct and partly antagonistic effects on male competitive fertilization success. Collectively, our experiments show that several different seminal fluid proteins, deriving from different parts in the male reproductive tract and of different molecular weight, affect male competitive fertilization success in C. maculatus. Our results highlight the diverse effects of seminal fluid proteins and show that the function of such proteins can be contingent upon female mating status. We also document effects of different size fractions on female mating receptivity and egg laying rates, which can serve as a basis for future efforts to identify the molecular identity of seminal fluid proteins and their function in this model species.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

dryad28/100

Reproductive success and mortality of male and female Daphnia at different sex ratios

This dataset contains data from Daphnia sexual reproduction experiments described in the paper: "Galimov YR, Haag CR, Tukhbatullin AR, Tchabovsky AV 2021. Sex ratio effects on reproductive success of male and female Daphnia. Journal of Evolutionary Ecology ". We compared reproductive success of male and female Daphnia in experimental populations with sex ratios varying from one male per 81 females to one male per one female. In males, reproductive success strongly and monotonically decreased with decreasing number of females per male. In females, in contrast, mating success and reproductive success were reduced only at the most female-biased sex ratio (1:81), when many females remained unmated and unfertilized, and then again at equal sex ratios, probably due to negative effects of high density or stress induced by numerous males. Our results suggest that mating competition and the opportunity for sexual selection may exist not only in males but, at least periodically, also in females.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

dryad28/100

The effect of temporal changes in stamen position on reproductive success in flowers with many stamens: experimental manipulations of stamen position

Premise of the study: Male and female reproductive success is enhanced (increased outcrossing and seed production) by stamen movement in species that have few stamens per flower. Does such enhancement also occur in species that have many stamens per flower? Methods: We examined the effects of stamen movement on male and female reproductive success in Anemone flaccida, which has many stamens per flower. We measured stamen movement, including temporal changes in anther-stigma and anther-anther distances. We controlled stamen movement experimentally. Key results: The anthers moved horizontally away from the stigmas with increasing flower age, resulting in reduction in female-male interference. The dehisced anthers tended to move further away from the stigmas while the undehisced or dehiscing anthers remained nearer to them. The number of anthers touched per flower visit was higher in flowers whose stamens were fixed in the pre-movement position than in flowers whose stamens were fixed in the post-movement position or in flowers that were not manipulated. Thus, this position may promote male reproductive success. Seed production was lower for the untreated flowers than for the post-movement position flowers, suggesting that the post-movement stamen position is advantageous and stamen movement is suboptimal for female reproductive success. Conclusions: Stamen movement promotes male reproductive success in the early flowering stage and female reproductive success in the late flowering stage. In species having many stamens per flower, female-male interference can be reduced, but not eliminated, by stamen movement due to the conflict between female and male reproductive successes.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

dryad28/100