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Fig. 14. Nodosaria incerta Neugeboren, 1856. A, C in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 14. Nodosaria incerta Neugeboren, 1856. A, C. Microsphere (BIOICE 2664, IINH 40071), side view (A), showing initial spiral end, and aperture (C). B, D. Megalosphere (BIOICE 3108, IINH 40085), side view (B) and aperture (D). Light source combination of incident light and dark field. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 6 in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 6. Dentalina obliqua (Linnaeus, 1758). A, D. Megalosphere (BIOICE 3104, IINH 39227), side view (A) and aperture (D). B–C. Microsphere (BIOICE 2308, IINH 14759), side view (B) and details of the initial spire (C), where outer wall has been etched with acid and stained with indigo blue; diameter of proloculus <0.02 mm. Light source combination of incident light and dark field. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 7 in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 7. Dentalina mutabilis (Costa, 1855). A. Megalosphere (BIOICE 3501, IINH 39299), side view. B. Megalosphere (BIOICE 3598, IINH 39281), variant with exceptionally large proloculus. C–E. Megalosphere (BIOICE 3280, IINH 39273), side view (C), aperture (D) and aperture (E) of the same specimen stained with indigo blue. Light source combination of incident light and dark field. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 4 in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 4. Dentalina filiformis (d'Orbigny, 1826). A–B. Megalosphere (BIOICE 3600, IINH 40457), side view (B) and aperture (A) stained with indigo blue. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 5 in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 5. Dentalina frobisherensis Loeblich & Tappan, 1953. A–C. Megalosphere (BIOICE 3104, IINH 39775), side view (A), details of initial end (B) and aperture (C) stained with indigo blue. D. Megalosphere (BIOICE 3108, IINH 39774), aperture stained with indigo blue. Light source combination of incident light and dark field. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 1. Dentalina antarctica Parr, 1950. A in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 1. Dentalina antarctica Parr, 1950. A. Side view of a young microsphere (BIOICE 2149, IINH 40405) with a spiral initial end; light source is a combination of Rotterman contrast and dark field, revealing the perforations with apparent coarse appearance. B–C. Side view (B), and apertural view (C) of megalosphere (BIOICE 2237, IINH 40408). D. Apertural view of a megalosphere (BIOICE 2697, IINH 40421). Light source in B–D is a combination of incident light and dark field. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 2. Dentalina antennula d in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 2. Dentalina antennula d'Orbigny, 1846. A, D. Microsphere (BIOICE 2398; IINH 40362) side view (A), and aperture (D). B–C. Megalosphere (BIOICE 2222, IINH 40365), side view (B) and aperture (C), stained with indigo blue. Light source incident light and dark field. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 3. Dentalina elegans d in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 3. Dentalina elegans d'Orbigny, 1846. A. Microsphere (BIOICE 2542, IINH 39684) with a spiral chamber arrangement at initial end; light source a combination of Rotterman contrast and dark field, resulting in a coarse appearance. B. Megalosphere (Biocie 2362, IINH 39758), side view showing surface edges of the secondary surface laminations. C–D. Megalosphere (BIOICE 3627, IINH 39842) aperture (C) stained with indigo blue and same specimen with a short spine at initial end (D). E–F. Megalosphere (BIOICE 2049, IINH 39697), aperture (E) stained with indigo blue and side view (F). Light source in B–F is a combination of incident light and dark field. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 17 in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 17. Division of 7598 specimens among 14 species of Nodosariinae Ehrenberg, 1838, occurring in 447 BIOICE samples collected with RP- and detritus sledges. A. Number of samples ranked by number of species present. B. Number of samples occupied by each species. C. Relation between number of picked specimens of a species (y axis) and the number of samples it occupies (x axis).
Fig. 8 in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 8. Grigelis pyrula (d'Orbigny, 1826). A–B. Specimen with missing initial end (BIOICE 2424, IINH 40388), side view (A) and detail of aperture (B), stained with indigo blue. C. Megalospheres (BIOICE 2966, IINH 40390), initial ends of specimens with damaged apertures. Light source combination of incident light and dark field. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 13 in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 13. Nodosaria haliensis Eiland & Gudmundsson, 2004. A. Microsphere side view (BIOICE 2526, IINH 40311). B, E. Megalosphere (BIOICE 2118, IINH 40276), side view (B) and aperture (E) stained with indigo blue. C, D. Megalosphere (holotype, BIOICE 2588, IINH 40319), side view (C) and aperture (D) stained with indigo blue. Light source combination of incident light and dark field. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 16. A in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 16. A. Combined distribution of the 14 species of Nodosariinae Ehrenberg, 1838. Open black circles are locations of BIOICE samples examined for Foraminifera. Red filled circles show occurrence of Nodosariinae as rare (1–2 specimens), frequent (3–32 specimens), and common (> 32 specimens); circle area increases proportional to average size of the first two bins i.e., rare (1.5), frequent (15), and common (150). B. Depth distribution of BIOICE samples per 100 m depth intervals overlaid with samples containing Nodosariinae in darker grey. C. Interpolated gridded mean bottom water properties for the period 1900–2008: temperature (left) and salinity (right). Depth contours are isobaths at 250 m, 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, 2000 m, and 3000 m (Jochumsen et al. 2016: 81, fig. 2; reproduced with permission from ©Elsevier).
Fig. 10 in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 10.Grigelis guttifera (d'Orbigny, 1846) comb. nov.A, C. Microsphere with missing initial chambers (BIOICE 2853, IINH 40236a), side view (A) and detail of last chamber (C). B, D. Megalosphere (BIOICE 3264, IINH 40118), side view (B) and aperture (D) stained with indigo blue. Light source combination of incident light and dark field. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 23 in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 23. Simplified scheme of the main sea currents that affect bottom water temperature in the vicinity of Iceland. Surface currents affecting the continental shelf and slopes are symbolized as dotted lines: the cold East Icelandic Current (EIC) and the cold East Greenland Current (EGC), jointly form the Polar Front north off Iceland; the warmer Irminger Current (IC), is a branch of the North Atlantic Current (NAC). Unbroken blue lines, affecting deeper bottom waters (> 500 m): the Cold Overflow Bottom Water currents (COBW), the North Icelandic Jet (NIJ) and the Icelandic-Faroe Slope Jet (IFSJ) (compiled after Valdimarsson et al. 2012; Logemann et al. 2013; Jochumsen et al. 2017; Semper et al. 2019; Símonarson et al. 2021).
Fig. 19 in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 19. Species distributions based on BIOICE samples (Icelandic waters). A. Grigelis guttifera (d'Orbigny, 1846) comb. nov. B. Dentalina mutabilis (Costa, 1855). C. Nodosaria haliensis Eiland & Gudmunðsson, 2004. D. Nodosaria incerta Neugeboren, 1856. E. Dentalina elegans d'Orbigny, 1846. F. Dentalina frobisherensis Loeblich & Tappan, 1953.
Fig. 20 in Taxonomy and distribution of recent species of the subfamily Nodosariinae (Foraminifera) in Icelandic waters
Fig. 20. Species distributions based on BIOICE samples (Icelandic waters). A. Nodosaria subsoluta Cushman, 1923. B. Dentalina antennula d'Orbigny, 1846. C. Dentalina antarctica Parr, 1950. D. Grigelis semirugosus? (d'Orbigny, 1846).E. Dentalina obliqua (Linnaeus, 1758). F. Pseudonodosaria subannulata (Cushman, 1923).
Transformed crane data from: Balancing structural complexity with ecological insight in spatio-temporal species distribution models
<p>The potential for statistical complexity in species distribution models (SDMs) has greatly increased with advances in computational power. Structurally complex models provide the flexibility to analyse intricate ecological systems and realistically messy data, but can be difficult to interpret, reducing their practical impact. Founding model complexity in ecological theory can improve insight gained from SDMs. </p> <p>Here, we evaluate a marked point process approach, which uses multiple Gaussian random fields to represent population dynamics of the Eurasian crane (<em>Grus grus</em>) in a spatio-temporal species distribution model. We discuss the role of model components and their impacts on predictions, in comparison with a simpler binomial presence/absence approach. Inference is carried out using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) with inlabru, an accessible and computationally efficient approach for Bayesian hierarchical modelling, which is not yet widely used in SDMs. </p> <p>Using the marked point process approach, crane distribution was predicted to be dependent on the density of suitable habitat patches, as well as close to observations of the existing population. This demonstrates the advantage of complex model components in accounting for spatio-temporal population dynamics (such as habitat preferences and dispersal limitations) that are not explained by environmental variables. However, including an AR1 temporal correlation structure in the models resulted in unrealistic predictions of species distribution; highlighting the need for careful consideration when determining the level of model complexity.</p> <p>Increasing model complexity, with careful evaluation of the effects of additional model components, can provide a more realistic representation of a system, which is of particular importance for a practical and impact-focused discipline such as ecology (though these methods extend to applications for a wide range of systems). Founding complexity in contextual theory is not only fundamental to maintaining model interpretability, but can be a useful approach to improving insight gained from model outputs. </p>
Fig. 30 in Review of the fritillary species systematically close to Melitaea lutko Evans, 1932 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with analysis of their geographic distribution and interrelations with host plants
Fig. 30 (continued on next page). Distribution of the lutko species group fritillaries in combination with the distribution of known and suspected species of host plants from the genus Phlomoides Blume. = Melitaea lutko Evans, 1932; = M. timandra timandra Coutsis & Oorschot, 2014; = M. timandra binaludica subsp. nov.; = M. shahvarica sp. nov.; = M. mimetica mimetica Higgins, 1940; = M. mimetica delerei Heidemann, 1954;? = unconfirmed findings of M. timandra; = M. timandra with an unclear subspecies status; = Phlomoides regeliana (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm.; = Phlomoides boissieriana (Regel) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm.; = Phlomoides laciniata (L.) Kamelin & Makhm.; = Phlomoides labiosiformis (Popov) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm.; = Phlomoides loasifolia (Benth.) Kamelin & Makhm.; = Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki; = Phlomoides acaulis (Beck ex Rech.f.) Salmaki; = Phlomoides labiosa (Bunge) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm. A. Pakistan, Chitral, Chaghbini CGNP, alt. 2700–3000 m. B. Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Drosh. C. Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Keon Nullah. D. Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Malakand. E. Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Birmoglasht. F. Turkmenistan, Badkhyz, Kepeli, alt. 700 m. G. Turkmenistan, Badkhyz, Kyzyl-Jar, alt. 700 m. H. Turkmenistan, Kushka, alt. 700 m. I. Turkmenistan, Murgab river, Sary-Yazy, alt. 300 m. J. Turkmenistan, 30 km E of BairamAli, Zahmet, alt. 240 m. K. Turkmenistan, Bairam-Ali, alt. 230 m. L. Turkmenistan, Kara-Kum desert, 30 km W of Mary, alt. 200 m.M. Turkmenistan, Dushak, alt. 250 m.N. Turkmenistan, Chaacha, alt. 400 m. O. Turkmenistan, Bakharden, alt. 200 m. P. Iran, Khorossan Razavi, Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, Qadamgah area, Gerina, alt. 2000 m. Q. Iran, Khorasan Razavi, Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, 15 km SW of Zoshk, alt. 2300– 2500 m. R. Iran, S Khorosan, 75 km N of Birjant, Sedeh, alt. 1500 m. S. Iran, S Khorosan, 35 km N of Birjant, alt. 1500 m. T. Afghanistan, Bamian, Band-e-Amir, Dzhudoi-Kvak Gorge, alt. 3200 m. U. Afghanistan, Bamian, Band-e-Amir, Hazarajat, alt. 3000–3200 m. V. Afghanistan, Bamian, Koh-iBaba Mts, Joshanak, alt. 2800 m. W. Afghanistan, Heart, Qala-i-Naw, Kashka pass. X. Iran, Semnan, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200–2500 m. Y. Turkmenistan, Kara-Kala, Monjukly Ridge, 300–700 m. Z. Iran, Golestan, E Maraveh Tappeh, N Ghazan Ghayeh, Palizan Mts. A". Pakistan, Balochistan, Quetta, Urak, alt. 2500 m. B". Pakistan, Balochistan, Ziarat, alt. 2500 m. C". Pakistan, Balochistan, Khojak, alt. 1700 m. D". Pakistan, Balochistan, Zaghum, alt. 1600 m; E". Pakistan, Punjab, Gawar, alt. 500 m. F". Pakistan, Balochistan, Sheik Wazil, alt. 1600 m. G". Afghanistan, Bamian, Hushkak, alt. 2700–2800 m. H". Afghanistan, Bamian, Punjub Distr., 10 km NE of Varas, alt. 2400 m. I". Afghanistan, Ghor, 17 km E of Changcharan, 15 km S of Bandi-Ali, Gazak Mts, alt. 2400 m. J". Afghanistan, Ghor, Bayan Range, 15 km S of Changcharan, Kindival valley, alt. 2700 m. K". Afghanistan, Bamiyan, Kohi-Baba Mts, Panjao, alt. 3000 m. Afghanistan, Bamiyan, Koh-i-Baba Mts, Shah-tu-Kotal, alt. 4000 m. L". Afghanistan, Kapisa, Pandshir valley, alt. 2200–2800 m. M". Afghanistan, Kabul. N". Iran, Tehran, Elburz Ridge, Demavend Mt., Ask, alt. 1800 m. O". Iran, Semnan, Foulad Mohaleh, alt. 2200 m. P". Pakistan, Punjab, Murree.
Fig. 29 in Review of the fritillary species systematically close to Melitaea lutko Evans, 1932 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with analysis of their geographic distribution and interrelations with host plants
Fig. 29.Differences in the structure of valva and aedeagus of the lutko species group.A. Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. B, D, H. M. timandra binaludica subsp. nov. C–E. M. mimetica Higgins, 1940. F. M. lutko Evans, 1932. G. M. timandra timandra Coutsis &van Oorschot, 2014. A. Iran, Semnan Prov., Shahrud area, S macroslope of Shahvar Mts, alt. 2200–2400 m. B. Iran, Rezavi Khorassan Prov., Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, Dorrud v. vicinity, alt. 2430 m. C. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Punjub Distr., 10 km NE of Varas v., alt. 2400 m. D. Afghanistan, Band-i-Amir, Hazarajat. E. Pakistan, Balochistan, Quetta, Urak, alt. 2400– 2700 m. F. Pakistan, Chitral, Gol National Park, alt. 2700 m. G. Turkmenistan, Sary-Yazy, alt. 700 m. H. Iran, Rezavi Khorassan Prov., Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, Dorrud v. vicinity, alt. 2430 m.
Fig. 28 in Review of the fritillary species systematically close to Melitaea lutko Evans, 1932 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with analysis of their geographic distribution and interrelations with host plants
Fig. 28.Eggs and caterpillars of Melitaea shahvarica sp. nov. in nature and in the laboratory.A–B. Freshly laid eggs under a leaf of a host plant, May 2018, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2200 m. C–D. IV–V instar caterpillars on the leaves of the host plant Phlomoides molucelloides (Bunge) Salmaki, July 2019, Iran, Shahvar Mt., alt. 2500 m. E. I instar caterpillars in the laboratory, Moscow, May 2018. F. VI instar caterpillars during diapause, Moscow, October 2018.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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