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opencc-by-4.0Jan 2017View details →

Fig. 4 in Tracking platyhelminth parasite diversity from freshwater turtles in French Guiana: First report of Neopolystoma Price, 1939 (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of three new species

Fig. 4 Bauesian tnee infenned fnom the anahusis of foun concatenated cenes. Numbens at nodes connespond to Bauesian postenion pnobabihities. Abbreviations: C. sacs, conjunctivah sacs; P. cavitu, phanunceah cavitu

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2017View details →

Fig. 2 Neopolystoma guianensis n in Tracking platyhelminth parasite diversity from freshwater turtles in French Guiana: First report of Neopolystoma Price, 1939 (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of three new species

Fig. 2 Neopolystoma guianensis n. sp. Hohotupe. a, Ventnah vies. b, testis. c cenitah spines. d haptonah sucken shosinc a ninc of skehetah ehements. e mancinah hookhets. Abbreviations: ec, ecc; cb, cenitah buhb; hp, hapton; ic, intestinah caecum; mo, mouth; ov, ovanu; ph, phanunx; su, sucken; te, testis; va, vacina; vd, vas defenens; vi, vitehhania. Scale-bars: a, 1,000 μm; b, 100 μm; c, 10 μm; d, 100 μm; e, 10 μm

FIGURE 4 in Species delimitation reveals an underestimated diversity of Andean catfishes of the family Astroblepidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes)

FIGURE 4 | Species tree inferred from the concatenated dataset of mitochondrial genes (COI, Cytb, and 16S). Nodal support values are Bayesian posterior probabilities. Non-significant speciation probabilities identified in BP&P analysis algorithm A10 (PP:<0.95) are indicate by black circles and species supported with asterisk.

FIGURE 2 in Species delimitation reveals an underestimated diversity of Andean catfishes of the family Astroblepidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes)

FIGURE 2 | Map of northwestern South America showing the geographic distribution of samples used in this study and species distribution of Astroblepus reported in Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the California Academy of Sciences (CAS) databases.

FIGURE 1 in Species delimitation reveals an underestimated diversity of Andean catfishes of the family Astroblepidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes)

FIGURE 1 | Species of Astroblepus included in this study, A. A. ardiladuartei (LBP 26696 topotype live, 4.54 mm SL), B. A. cachara (LBP 26712 topotype live, 4.23 mm SL), C. A. caquetae (CZUT-IC 18464 topotype of museum, 7.84 mm SL), D. A. curitiensis (LBP 97118 topotype live, 5.92 mm SL), E. A. homodon (CZUT-IC 18390, 6.15 mm SL), F. A. gr. grixalvii (LBP24242 topotype live, 11.70 mm SL); F'. A. gr. grixalvii (CZUT-IC 18498 specimen of Magdalena basin 6,01 mm SL); F". A. gr. grixalvii (CZUT-IC 18320 specimen of Cauca basin, 15.25 mm SL), G. A. itae (topotype live, 3.58 mm SL), H. A. latidens (topotype live, 13.40 mm SL), I. A. onzagaensis (topotype live, 7.82 mm SL), J. A. pradai (topotype live, 4.53 mm SL), K. A. trifasciatus (topotype of museum, 9.65 mm SL), K'. A. trifasciatus (topotype of museum, 9.01 mm SL), L. A. aff. trifasciatus (specimen of Magdalena basin, 7.94 mm SL), M. A. verai (topotype live, 3.51 mm SL).

FIGURE 3 in Species delimitation reveals an underestimated diversity of Andean catfishes of the family Astroblepidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes)

FIGURE 3 | Results of single-locus approaches using cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) for developing preliminary species delimitation hypothesis with 42 lineages. Results are represented on the ultrametric gene tree with collapsed nodes. All nodal support values were PP>0.95. Blocks at right of the tree represent hypothesized species groups and the values in the middle indicate the number of clusters identified by ABGD, bPTP and GMYC analyses for every collapsed node. COL: Colombia, ECU: Ecuador, PER: Peru.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with a redescription of Ancistrus brevipinnis and further evidence of hidden diversity in the laguna dos Patos system, Brazil

FIGURE 7 | Live color pattern of Ancistrus brevipinnis. Specimens not preserved. Hemiancistrus punctulatus on background.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with a redescription of Ancistrus brevipinnis and further evidence of hidden diversity in the laguna dos Patos system, Brazil

FIGURE 8 | Linear Discriminant Analysis of Ancistrus species in northern laguna dos Patos system. H = holotype of A. megacanthus.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with a redescription of Ancistrus brevipinnis and further evidence of hidden diversity in the laguna dos Patos system, Brazil

FIGURE 3 | Distribution of Ancistrus species in northern laguna dos Patos system.Ancistrus aff.brevipinnis (yellow), A. brevipinnis (turquoise), and A. megacanthus (red). T = type-locality.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with a redescription of Ancistrus brevipinnis and further evidence of hidden diversity in the laguna dos Patos system, Brazil

FIGURE 6 | Holotype of Ancistrus brevipinnis, BMNH 1891.3.16.76, female, 79.9 mm SL. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Photograph inverted horizontally. Photo by the ACSI Project image.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with a redescription of Ancistrus brevipinnis and further evidence of hidden diversity in the laguna dos Patos system, Brazil

FIGURE 5 | Ancistrus brevipinnis, dorsal, lateral and ventral views, MCP 25902, female, 65.9 mm SL, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Lavras do Sul, rio Marmeleiro, laguna dos Patos system.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with a redescription of Ancistrus brevipinnis and further evidence of hidden diversity in the laguna dos Patos system, Brazil

FIGURE 9 | Maximum likelihood tree of samples of Ancistrus from Rio Grande do Sul, using General Time Reversible model with Gamma distribution and invariant sites (47.5%). Log likelihood -1230,53.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with a redescription of Ancistrus brevipinnis and further evidence of hidden diversity in the laguna dos Patos system, Brazil

FIGURE 2 | Life color pattern of Ancistrus megacanthus. Specimens not preserved. Hisonotus armatus and Hemiancistrus punctulatus in background.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with a redescription of Ancistrus brevipinnis and further evidence of hidden diversity in the laguna dos Patos system, Brazil

FIGURE 1 | Ancistrus megacanthus, dorsal, lateral and ventral views of holotype, MCP 19582, male, 96.8 mm SL, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, São Gabriel, rio Vacacaí on road RS-630, tributary to rio Jacuí, laguna dos Patos system.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Morphospace disparity and species diversity in Sri Lankan phytophagous scarab beetles – a comparison by forest types, altitude, and sites

The files contain the supporting information and raw data of the masnucript, Morphospace disparity and species diversity in Sri Lankan phytophagous scarab beetles – a comparison by forest types, altitude, and sites. It includes the following: Raw Data: Suppl. Table 1: Details of sampling sites (Sri Lanka); L number, coordinates, elevation, elevation zone and forest types. Elevation zones; EZ1: 0-500m, EZ2: 501-1000m, EZ3: 1001-1500m, EZ4: 1501-2000m, EZ5; 2001-2500m. Forest types; WL: evergreen wet lowland forests, DL: evergreen dry lowland forests, SM: sub-montane forests, MO: montane forests. Suppl. Table 2. Morphometric measurements and metadata of all studied specimens. Metadata include species identification, voucher number, occurrence data regarding sampling location in Sri Lanka, elevation zone (EZ), and forest type (F). Units of measurements are mm. WL: evergreen wet lowland forests, LD: evergreen dry lowland forests, SM: sub-montane forests, MO: montane forests; EZ1: 0-500m, EZ2: 501-1000m, EZ3: 1001-1500m, EZ4: 1501-2000m, EZ5; 2001-2500m; L1: Aranayake; L2: Riverston; L3: NIFS Arboretum; L4: Deenston; L5: Nuwara Eliya; L6: Horton Plains; L8: Hiyare; L9: Kottawa; L10: Kanneliya; L11: Piduruthalagala; L12: Uda Peradeniya; L13: Gannoruwa; L14: Udawattakele. Morphological measurements abbreviations are explained in Sup. Fig.1. Results: Suppl. Table 3: Proportion of variance explained by PC axes in principal component analysis for the data subsets of lineages (derived from shape and size data). Values of axes reflecting the 95% of explained cumulative variation are highlighted in bold. Suppl. Table 4: Euclidean distances between species (mean/median/maximum) for shape and size partitioned by forest types and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). WL: Wet lowland; DL: Dry lowland; SM: Sub-montane; MO: Montane. Suppl. Table 5: Euclidean distances between species mean/median/maximum) for shape and size partitioned by elevational zones and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). EZ1: 0-500m. EZ2: 501-1000m. EZ3: 1001-1500m. EZ4: 1501-2000m. EZ5: 2001-2500m. Suppl. Table 6: Euclidean distances between species (mean/median/maximum) for shape and size partitioned by localities (L1-14), and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Suppl. Table 7: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores partitioned for shape and size forest types and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics. WL: Wet lowland; DL: Dry lowland; SM: Sub-montane; MO: Montane. Suppl. Table 8: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores for shape and size partitioned for elevational zones and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics. EZ1: 0-500m. EZ2: 501-1000m. EZ3: 1001-1500m. EZ4: 1501-2000m. EZ5: 2001-2500m. Suppl. Table 9: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores partitioned for localities and lineages for shape (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics. Suppl. Table 10: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores partitioned for localities and lineages for size (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics.   Figure S1. Illustration of the measured morphological traits (after Eberle et al., 2014). Schematic drawings of a Sericini beetle, in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral aspect. Body: BH - maximal body height, EH - maximal elytra height, EL - maximal elytra length, Eld - maximal diagonal elytra length, Elmb - length from maximal body width to elytral apex, EW - maximal elytra width, Ewb - elytral width at middle of scutellum, PL - maximal pronotum length, PW - maximal pronotum width; Head: ED - maximal eye diameter, HW - maximal head with including eyes, IOD - minimal interocular distance (dorsal view); Legs: MCL - maximal length of metacoxa, MFL - maximal length of metafemur, MFW - maximal width of metafemur, MTL - maximal length of metatibia, MTW - maximal width of metatibia, PFL - maximal length of profemur, PFW - maximal width of profemur, PTL - maximal length of protibia. Figure S2. Biplots of PC1 and 2 from principal components analysis, illustrating trait contribution to the principal patterns of morphospace (raw measurements). Trait abbreviations are explained in Figure S1. Figure S3. Patterns of morphospace disparity of all Pleurosticts derived from raw measurements in individual localities. Symbols represent genus or other family-group level, color of symbols single species.   Figure S4. Patterns of morphospace disparity of Sericini derived from raw measurements in individual localities. Colored dots represent single species. Locality L12 had no Sericini recorded.   Figure S5. Patterns of morphospace disparity (PCA plots of PC1 and PC2) derived from raw measurements of Sericini chafers partitioned for forest types (A), elevation zones (B), localities (C)(enlarged visualization from Fig. 2). Colored dots represent single species, outlines grouping entities grouped by forest types, elevation zone, or locality.

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Impact of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake on the species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages

The impacts of large-scale disturbance events on the species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages across multiple spatial scales are not well understood. To evaluate the influence of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake on alpha and beta diversities of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages, we censused sessile assemblages in the mid-shore zone from 2011 to 2019. The census was conducted across 22 study sites on five rocky shores along 30 km of the Sanriku Coast of Japan, which is located 150–160 km north–northwest of the earthquake epicenter. Alpha diversity was measured with three Hill numbers (H0, H1, and H2), which represent the number of equally common species that would exist in a community with the same diversity as the sampled community, with higher values of the subscript indicating more weight placed on abundant species. Beta diversity was measured with two metrics (BDtotal at two spatial scales). Values were compared between the years 2011–2019 and the pre-earthquake period (2003–2010). The results show that the Tohoku Earthquake significantly altered the species diversity of intertidal sessile assemblages across multiple spatial scales. All diversity metrics obtained at multiple spatial scales (i.e., alpha diversities: H0, H1, and H2; beta diversities: BDtotal at the shore and regional scales) decreased immediately after the earthquake and then increased in subsequent years. Two years after the earthquake, H0 recovered to within the range of pre-earthquake values and H1 and H2 became significantly higher than pre-earthquake values. Most metrics of alpha and beta diversities recovered to pre-earthquake levels after several years, but regional BDtotal remained low for a longer period.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Fig. 3 in Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands

Fig. 3. Distribution of 5 haplotypes and sequence identity between each pair of Symmetrischema tangolias haplotypes. St-H1 was present in all 4 provinces; St-H2 was present in 3 provinces; the other 3 haplotypes were present only in 1 province for each haplotype. Arrows point to province(s) instead of a specific sampling location.

Fig. 1 in Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands

Fig. 1. Use of pheromone traps to collect potato tuber moths in Cacha, Chimborazo, and Tishinguirí, Bolívar: (A) potato crops are grown in mountainous regions of Ecuador where smallholder terrace farming is predominant; (B) low-cost pheromone traps were made of plastic bottles; a species-specific lure is fixed to the bottle cap using a string, and thumb-sized holes were carved to allow moths to fly into the bottle that was filled with soapy water; (C) 3 different traps were placed (pointed by arrows) in each field at least 100 m apart to catch different moths.

Fig. 5 in Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands

Fig. 5. Distribution of 3 haplotypes and sequence identity between each pair of Phthorimaea operculella haplotypes. Po-H1 was present in all 4 provinces, Po-H3 was present only in Cotopaxi and Chimborazo; Po-H2 was limited to Tungurahua.

Fig. 2 in Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands

Fig. 2. Alignment of 5 COI haplotype sequences of Symmetrischema tangolias samples. KX443104.1 is a reference sequence from GenBank. Sequences of these 5 haplotypes were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers MN223391 to MN223395.