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907 results for “tadpoles.”
FIGURE 1 in Description of the tadpoles of Proceratophrys cristiceps (Anura: Cycloramphidae, Odontophrynini)
FIGURE 1. Proceratophrys cristiceps tadpole at stage 39 (Gosner, 1960), (A) Lateral view, (B) Dorsal view, (C) ventral view (scale = 8,75 mm).
FIGURE 3 in The tadpole of Chaunus dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron) (Anura, Bufonidae)
FIGURE 3. Oral disc of tadpole of (A) Chaunus dorbignyi (ZVCB 11535), and (B) Chaunus fernandezae (ZVCB 11543). Scale = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in The tadpole of Chaunus dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron) (Anura, Bufonidae)
FIGURE 1. Chaunus dorbignyi tadpole (ZVCB 11535) at stage 33 (Gosner, 1960), (A) Dorsal view, (B) Lateral view. Scale = 5 mm.
FIGURE 2 in The tadpole of Chaunus dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron) (Anura, Bufonidae)
FIGURE 2. Chaunus fernandezae tadpole (ZVCB 11543) at stage 35 (Gosner, 1960), (A) Dorsal view, (B) Lateral view. Scale = 5 mm.
FIGURE 1. A in Redescription of the tadpole of Kaloula taprobanica (Anura: Microhylidae) from Sri Lanka
FIGURE 1. A, Tadpole of K. taprobanica in life, Gosner stage 39, from Galle in southern Sri Lanka; B, Dorsal aspect and C, External mouth opening.
FIGURE 2 in Description of the previously unknown advertisement call and tadpole of the Colombian endemic glassfrog Centrolene savagei (Anura: Centrolenidae)
FIGURE 2. Lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral views (C) of the tadpole of Centrolene savagei at Gosner's stage 39 (MHUA-L 0197–1, total length = 33.1 mm); Oral disc at stage 39 (width = 1.4 mm; left) (D) and at stage 26 (width = 3.0 mm) (E). Illustration: M. Rivera-Correa.
FIGURE 1 in The tadpole of Scinax strigilatus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Hylidae)
FIGURE 1. Tadpole of Scinax strigilatus (Gosner stage 36). A) lateral view, B) dorsal view, C) ventral view (scale = 10 mm); D) oral disc (scale = 1 mm).
FIGURE 1. A in Description of the previously unknown advertisement call and tadpole of the Colombian endemic glassfrog Centrolene savagei (Anura: Centrolenidae)
FIGURE 1. A: Calling male of Centrolene savagei with its putative egg clutch (eggs younger than 7 days); B: eggs older than 18 days age (not the same clutch than picture A); note the ontogenetic change in coloration of embryos inside egg capsules. Both pictures taken in Reserva Forestal Bosque de Yotoco, Cordillera Occidental, Colombia (Photo: F. Vargas-Salinas). C: Oscillogram; D: spectrogram; and E: power spectrum of one note advertisement call of C. savagei. Male body size = 22.59 mm, temperature of male calling = 16.6ºC, Locality: Filandia, Central Andes of Colombia.
FIGURE 1 in The terrestrial tadpole of Leptodactylus andreae (Anura, Leptodactylidae), a member of the Leptodactylus marmoratus species group
FIGURE 1. Leptodactylus andreae tadpole at stage 34: (A) lateral and (B) dorsal views, (C) oral disc of individual from lot INPA-H 25383.
FIGURE 1 in Re-description of the tadpole of Pleurodema somuncurensis (Cei, 1969) (Amphibia: Anura)
FIGURE 1. External morphology and live coloration of a Stage 36 tadpole of Pleurodema somuncurensis (CNP.A-1980). (A) Dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral views (scale bar = 10 mm). (D) Oral disc (scale bar = 1 mm). (E) From left to right, eye of a Stage 38 tadpole and adult of P. somuncurensis showing the upper and lower meniscus (arrows) (CNP.A-1980 and CNP.A- 1990, respectively). (F) From left to right, eye of a Stage 38 tadpole and adult of P. bufoninum showing the upper and lower meniscus (arrows) (CNP.A-1991 and CNP.A-1996, respectively).
FIGURE 1 in The tadpole of the Melville Range Treefrog Litoria andiirrmalin (Anura: Hylidae)
FIGURE 1. (A) Preserved Gosner stage 27 L. andiirrmalin tadpole, scale bar = 5 mm; (B) oral disc of Gosner stage 27 tadpole, scale bar = 0.4 mm (drawing: Ed Meyer); (C) tadpoles in situ (photo: Harry Hines); (D) boulder-field habitat of L. andiirrmalin at Cape Melville (photo: H. Hines).
Conspecific cues elect distinct behavioural responses in cannibalistic poison frog tadpoles dataset
<p>In cannibalistic species, conspecifics can be both predators and prey. As a result, conspecifics present a unique conflict at the intersection of predation, competition and nutritional resources in these species. To better understand how individuals respond to the complex information of conspecific chemical cues, we studied aggressive and cannibalistic tadpoles of the dyeing poison frog, <em>Dendrobates tinctorius</em>. We used a standardized open field test to compare behavioural responses to a positive cue (food), a negative cue (predator) and two conflicting cues (conspecific density and injured conspecifics). We specifically used chemical cues to understand how individuals respond in the absence of additional information that would disambiguate their status as conspecific predator versus prey. We found that the injured conspecific cue elicited a response distinct from either the food cue or the predator cue: tadpoles explored more relative to baseline and predator cues but spent less time moving compared to the food cue. We suggest that these patterns reflect cue-dependent behavioural strategies that maximize exploration while minimizing detection in the presence of conspecific cannibals. In addition to cue-specific changes in behaviour, we observed consistent differences in individuals' behaviour across environments and found that activity and exploratory behaviour were positively correlated across environments. Taken together, our results demonstrate that conspecific cues are interpreted as distinct from either food cues or predator cues in a cannibalistic species where they can represent both.</p>
FIGURE 1 in The tadpole of Scinax tropicalia Novaes-e-Fagundes et al. 2021 (Hylidae, Scinaxini)
FIGURE 1. Tadpole of Scinax tropicalia (MZUESC 20476, Stage 30. TL = 30.1 mm). (A) Dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral views. (D) and (E) Oral disc. Scale bars = 5.0 mm (upper), 0.5 mm (lower).
FIGURE 3 in The tadpole of Phyllodytes praeceptor (Anura: Hylidae)
FIGURE 3. Phyllodytes praeceptor tadpole (MZUESC 17436; stage 32) in ventral view. Notice the eggs in the abdomen through transparency. Scale = 5 mm. Blue shades are from methylen blue.
Figure 1 in Temporal distribution and age structure of tadpoles of Hypsiboas faber and H. leptolineatus in ponds: how do they coexist?
Figure 1. Total abundance (black columns), abundance at Gosner stage 25 (grey columns), and mean size (black circles) of Hypsiboas faber (A) and Hypsiboas leptolineatus (B) tadpoles sampled in four ponds over a year.
Figure 2 in Temporal distribution and age structure of tadpoles of Hypsiboas faber and H. leptolineatus in ponds: how do they coexist?
Figure 2. Total length ratios of Hypsiboas faber and H. leptolineatus tadpoles in four ponds (T1, T2, T3 and P1) from October 2005 through to September 2006. The dashed line (—) indicates the value of 1.3 on the vertical axis.
FIGURE 1 in Tadpole of the hylid frog Bokermannohyla gouveai (Peixoto & Cruz, 1992)
FIGURE 1. Tadpoles of Bokermannohyla gouveai, stage 37 of Gosner (1960), from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Itamonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: (A) dorsal and (B) lateral views (scale 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale 1 mm).
FIGURE 2 in The tadpole of the endemic poison frog Ameerega pulchripecta (Silverstone, 1976) with the description of its chondrocranium (Anura: Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)
FIGURE 2. Chondrocranium (UFMG 2445, Stage 25) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views, suprarostral in frontal view (C), and hyobranchial apparatus (D). Abbreviations: a, ala; alpc, anterolateral process of ceratohyal; apc, anterior process of ceratohyal; app, articular process of palatoquadrate; asp, ascending process; c, corpora; cb I–IV, ceratobranchial I–IV; cf, carotid foramen; ch, ceratohyal; cpf, craniopalatine foramen; hp, hypobranchial plate; ic, infrarostral cartilage; ff, frontoparietal fenestra; lt, lateral process of trabecular horn; mc, Meckel's cartilage; mp, muscular process; oc, otic capsule; pp, pseudopterygoid process; ppc, posterior process of ceratohyal; pq, palatoquadrate; pr, pars reuniens; qcc, quadratocranial commissure; s, spicule; sc, suprarostral cartilage; th, trabecular horns; ts, tectum synoticum; ttm, taenia tecti marginalis. Scale bars, A and B = 1.0 mm; C and D = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in The tadpole of the endemic poison frog Ameerega pulchripecta (Silverstone, 1976) with the description of its chondrocranium (Anura: Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)
FIGURE 1. Tadpole Ameerega pulchripecta at Stage 25 in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views (CECC 2675), collected in the Parque Natural Municipal do Cancão, municipality of Serra do Navio, state of Amapá, Brazil. Open oral disc (D) and frontal view (E) of another specimen at Stage 25 (UFMG 2445). Scale bars, A–C = 3 mm; D = 0.5 mm; E = 1 mm.
Toxin cues affect cannibalism responses of cane toad tadpoles
<p>In many species cannibalism is uncommon and involves non-selective consumption of conspecifics as well as heterospecifics. However, within their invasive Australian range cane toad larvae (<i>Rhinella marina</i>) specifically target and voraciously consume the eggs and hatchlings of conspecifics, often extirpating entire clutches. In contrast, toad larvae rarely consume the eggs and hatchlings of native frogs.</p> <p>Here, we use laboratory studies to demonstrate that this selective consumption is triggered by species-specific chemical cues: maternally-invested bufadienolide toxins that otherwise defend cane toad eggs and hatchlings against predators. We find that these cues stimulate feeding behaviors in toad tadpoles, such that the addition of bufadienolide toxins to the water column increases predation on eggs, not only of conspecifics, but also of native anuran species that are otherwise usually ignored. In contrast, we find that cannibalism rates on conspecific hatchlings are high and unaffected by the addition of bufadienolide cues. The maternally-invested toxins present in conspecific eggs may therefore be more easily detected post-hatching, at which point tadpole feeding behaviors are induced whether or not additional toxin cues are present.</p> <p>As bufadienolide cues have previously been found to attract toad tadpoles to vulnerable hatchlings, our present findings demonstrate that the same toxin cues that attract cannibalistic tadpoles also induce them to feed, thereby facilitating cannibalism through multiple behavioral effects.</p> <p>Because native fauna do not produce bufadienolide toxins, the species-specificity of these chemical cues in the Australian landscape may have facilitated the evolution of targeted (species-specific) cannibalism in invasive cane toad populations. Thus, producing bufadienalide toxins confers a cost (increased vulnerability to cannibalism in early life-stages) as well as a benefit (reduced vulnerability to predation by other taxa).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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