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638 results for “thinning”
Direct electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide thin film for aptamer-based selective and highly sensitive detection of matrix metalloproteinase 2
<p>Simple and low-cost biosensing solutions are suitable for point-of-care applications aiming to overcome the gap between scientific concepts and technological production. To compete with sensitivity and <a title="Learn more about selectivity from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/selectivity">selectivity</a> of golden standards, such as <a title="Learn more about liquid chromatography from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/liquid-chromatography">liquid chromatography</a>, the functionalization of biosensors is continuously optimized to enhance the signal and improve their performance, often leading to complex chemical assay development. In this research, the efforts are made on optimizing the methodology for <a title="Learn more about electrochemical reduction from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/electrochemical-reaction">electrochemical reduction</a> of <a title="Learn more about graphene oxide from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/graphene-oxide">graphene oxide</a> to produce thin film-modified gold electrodes. Under the employed specific conditions, 20 cycles of <a title="Learn more about cyclic voltammetry from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/cyclic-voltammetry">cyclic voltammetry</a> (CV) are shown to be optimal for superior electrical activation of <a title="Learn more about graphene oxide from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/graphene-oxide">graphene oxide</a> into electrochemically <a title="Learn more about reduced graphene oxide from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/reduced-graphene-oxide">reduced graphene oxide</a> (ERGO). This platform is further used to develop a <a title="Learn more about matrix metalloproteinase 2 from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/mmp2">matrix metalloproteinase 2</a> (MMP-2) biosensor, where specific anti-MMP2 <a title="Learn more about aptamers from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/aptamer">aptamers</a> are utilized as a biorecognition element. MMP-2 is a protein which is typically overexpressed in tumor tissues, with important roles in tumor invasion, metastasis as well as in tumor <a title="Learn more about angiogenesis from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/angiogenesis">angiogenesis</a>. Based on impedimetric measurements, we were able to detect as low as 3.32 pg mL<sup>−1</sup> of MMP-2 in PBS with a dynamic range of 10 pg mL<sup>−1</sup> – 10 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>. Further experiments with real blood samples revealed a promising potential of the developed sensor for direct measurement of MMP-2 in complex media. High specificity of detection is demonstrated – even to the closely related <a title="Learn more about enzyme from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/enzyme">enzyme</a> MMP-9. Finally, the potential of reuse was demonstrated by signal restoration after experimental detection of MMP-2.</p>
Dataset of Semiconductor WO3 Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
<p>A detailed description of the files related to each image with graphs is included in README.pdf and README.txt. All data were measured and calculated as outlined in the manuscript, with no additional non-standard data filtering applied. Measurement errors are indicated in the graphs and discussed in the manuscript, with references provided.</p>
IODP Expedition 359 Thin section images
Hard rock and sediment thin section images were acquired using either the JRSO-developed Petrographic Image Capture and Archival Tool (PICAT) imager or (rarely) an upright microscope and a digital camera. Sample images are acquired in unpolarized, polarized, and/or cross-polarized light. Image files are presented compressed by hole.
Data from: Plasticity in leaf litter traits partly mitigates the impact of thinning on forest floor carbon cycling
1. Reducing stand density by thinning intensification has been emphasized as an efficient strategy of forest adaptation to climate change as it improves stand resistance to drought. Yet, it is still unclear how it could affect litter C cycling processes. Recent evidence indicates that the plasticity of an oak tree species can lead to a decline in its leaf litter quality and decomposability following thinning. The consequences for litter decomposition and forest floor C storage at the ecosystem-scale remain largely unexplored. 2. In this study, we took advantage of a regional-scale, multi-site network of long-term thinning experiments in temperate oak (Quercus petraea) forests to address this issue. We measured ecosystem properties related to forest floor C cycling in 19 plots across eight experimental sites covering a large gradient of stand density and age. Though we expected thinning to affect in situ litter decomposition by altering oak leaf litter quality, we conducted complementary experiments exploring additional mechanisms, i.e. alterations of microenvironmental conditions and soil faunal activity. 3. Thinning intensification induced a strong decline in tree canopy leaf area index, aboveground tree litter production and forest floor decomposition rate in early 'aggradation' stage of forest development. This slower litter decomposition was mainly driven by plasticity of oak trees that produced leaf litter of poorer quality and decomposability following thinning, e.g. litter richer in secondary metabolites such as condensed tannins. Change in microenvironmental conditions also contributed to the slowdown of litter decomposition, likely as a result of the less buffered microclimate associated with larger tree canopy opening. No change in soil faunal effect induced by thinning was found. 4. Thinning resulted in a limited decrease in forest floor C stock. Indeed, the slower litter decomposition offset nearly half of the forest floor C loss associated to the reduced litterfall in 'aggradation' stage. 5. Our study demonstrated that phenotypic plasticity in leaf litter traits of a dominant tree species can strongly affect ecosystem functioning by slowing forest floor decomposition following thinning intensification, in turn partly mitigating the negative effect of thinning on forest floor C storage.
FIGURE 5. Anthoceros subtilis Steph. A. Capsule epidermis with thin walls and stomata. B. SEM micrograph showing sporophyte fragment with tetrads and pseudoelaters. C in A revision of the genus Anthoceros (Anthocerotaceae, Anthocerotophyta) in China
FIGURE 5. Anthoceros subtilis Steph. A. Capsule epidermis with thin walls and stomata. B. SEM micrograph showing sporophyte fragment with tetrads and pseudoelaters. C. Pseudoelaters with thin-walls and irregular thickenings. D. SEM micrograph showing proximal face of spore which is spinulose and has distinct trilete mark. E. SEM micrograph showing distal spore face which is papillate to spinulose with spines often united at the base. All from R.-H. Dai PX95106 (GACP). Scale bars: A, C=50 µm; B, D, E=10 µm.
Figure 3. Thin-plate spline using 16 in Tegmina-size variation in a Neotropical cricket with implications on spectral song properties
Figure 3. Thin-plate spline using 16 landmarks to depict left wing shape variation in Lerneca inalata beripocone along each PC axis. Red landmarks explain most of the tegmen shape variation.
Thin Section and Isotope Data (Mawmluh Section, Lakadong Limestone)
<p>The current study was carried out from the Mawmluh Section outcropping in the E Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, NE India. This dataset comprises thin-section and carbon/oxygen bulk isotope data from 162 limestone samples. Thin-section data highlights the quantitative data with regard to the larger benthic foraminifera and calcareous (red and green) algae. </p>
supplement videos of Solution for Mass Production of High-Throughput Digital Microfluidic Chip Based on Thin Film Transistor Technology
<p>supplement videos of Solution for Mass Production of High-Throughput Digital Microfluidic Chip Based on Thin Film Transistor Technology</p>
FIGURE. View of medullary hyphae in R. subcalcarata covered by a thin layer of secreted material, probably glycoproteins. The presence of small, elongated and electron-dense nodules is also observed. Scale = 12 µm. in The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America
FIGURE. View of medullary hyphae in R. subcalcarata covered by a thin layer of secreted material, probably glycoproteins. The presence of small, elongated and electron-dense nodules is also observed. Scale = 12 µm.
Understory plant removal counteracts tree thinning effect on soil respiration in a temperate forest
<p><span>Elucidating the response mechanism of soil respiration (Rs) to silvicultural practices is pivotal to evaluating the effects of management practices on soil carbon cycling in planted forest ecosystems. </span><span>However, as common management practices, how thinning, understory plant removal, and their interactions affect Rs and its autotrophic and heterotrophic components (Ra and Rh) remains unclear</span><span>. Therefore, we investigated Rs, Ra and Rh by the trenching method from 2011 to 2015 in a Pinus tabuliformis plantation in northern China, subjecting to four treatments [intact control plots (CK), thinning (T), understory removal (UR), and thinning with understory removal (TUR)].</span><span> Mean annual Rs was significantly increased by thinning (by 15.3%), whereas decreased by UR (by 17.4%), compared with CK. These variations in Rs were mainly attributed to changes in Ra. The increments of Ra were caused by the enhanced growth of fine root biomass after thinning. However, UR led to lower Ra compared with CK (P < 0.05), indicating that understory growth is inadequate to compensate for the decreased respiring root biomass induced by understory removal. Rs was unchanged between TUR and the intact control plot due to the opposite effects of thinning and UR on the Ra. Changes in Rh exhibited no significant differences among the treatments, partly because of the stable microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and forest floor mass (litter and fine woody debris). No interaction effect between thinning and understory removal was detected on Rs, Ra and Rh. The lowest temperature sensitivity (Q10) value of Ra was found in CK. This study highlights the necessity of incorporating understory plant effects on soil CO2 efflux in assessing forest management practices on soil carbon cycling.</span></p>
Gatemon qubit based on a thin InAs-Al hybrid nanowire
<p>This repository contains the raw data and processing Python scripts corresponding to the paper "Gatemon qubit based on a thin InAs-Al hybrid nanowire"</p>
FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe uniflora. A. Growing epiphytically with the thin stems typically descending. B in A reassessment of combinations previously proposed or published for Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), and its valid publication at the rank of subgenus
FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe uniflora. A. Growing epiphytically with the thin stems typically descending. B. Flowers and leafy stems in lateral view. Both photographs by Gideon F. Smith.
Temperature Dependence of the Hyperfine Magnetic Field at Fe Sites in Ba-Doped BiFeO3 Thin Films Studied by Emission Mössbauer Spectroscopy
<p>Experimental data of the following manuscript:</p> <p>Temperature Dependence of the Hyperfine Magnetic Field at Fe Sites in Ba-Doped BiFeO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Studied by Emission Mössbauer Spectroscopy</p> <p>Heiniger-Schell, J.; Bharuth-Ram, K.; Naicker, K.; Masondo, V.; Dang, T.T.; Escobar, M.; Díaz-Guerra, C.; Marschick, G.; Masenda, H.; Gunnlaugsson, H.P.; et al. Temperature Dependence of the Hyperfine Magnetic Field at Fe Sites in Ba-Doped BiFeO3 Thin Films Studied by Emission Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Crystals 2023, 13, 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ cryst13050724</p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>Emission <sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy (eMS), following the implantation of radioactive <sup>57</sup>Mn<sup>+</sup> ions, has been used to study the temperature dependence of the hyperfine magnetic field at Fe sites in Ba-doped BiFeO<sub>3</sub> (BFO) thin films. <sup>57</sup>Mn β decays (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 90 s) to the 14.4 keV Mössbauer state of <sup>57</sup>Fe, thus allowing online eMS measurements at a selection of sample temperatures during Mn implantation. The eMS measurements were performed on two thin film BFO samples, 88 nm and 300 nm thick, and doped to 15% with Ba ions. The samples were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO<sub>3</sub> substrates. X-ray diffraction analyses of the samples showed that the films grew in a tetragonal distorted structure. The Mössbauer spectra of the two films, measured at absorber temperatures in the range 301 K–700 K, comprised a central pair of paramagnetic doublets and a magnetic sextet feature in the wings. The magnetic component was resolved into (i) a component attributed to hyperfine interactions at Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions located in octahedral sites (B<sub>hf</sub>); and (ii) to Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions in implantation induced lattice defects, which were characterized by a distribution of the magnetic field B<sub>Distr</sub>. The hyperfine magnetic field at the Fe probes in the octahedral site has a room temperature value of B<sub>hf</sub> = 44.5(9) T. At higher sample temperatures, the B<sub>hf</sub> becomes much weaker, with the Fe<sup>3+</sup> hyperfine magnetic contribution disappearing above 700 K. Simultaneous analysis of the Ba–BFO eMS spectra shows that the variation of the hyperfine field with temperature follows the Brillouin curve for <em>S</em> = 5/2.</p>
WHUS2-CRv a global thin cloud removal dataset for Sentinel-2 images——Train part
<p>The training parts of WHUS2-CRv dataset in which the paired cloud and cloud-free Sentinel-2 images are from different regions of the world. The types of land cover are rich and the acquisition dates of the experimental data cover a long time period (from 2015 to 2020) and all seasons.</p> <p>The validation and testing parts can be found on: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8035349">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8035349</a></p> <p>If you use this dataset for your research, please cite us accordingly:</p> <p>#Reference: </p> <p>[1]J. Li, Z. W, Z. Hu, J. Z, M. Li, L. Mo and M. Molinier, “Thin cloud removal in optical remote sensing images based on generative adversarial networks and physical model of cloud distortion,” ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 166, pp. 373-389, Aug. 2020,<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.06.021">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.06.021</a>.</p> <p>[2]J. Li, Z. Wu, Z. Hu, Z. Li, Y. Wang, and M. Molinier, “Deep learning based thin cloud removal fusing vegetation red edge and short wave infrared spectral information for Sentinel-2A imagery,” Remote Sens., vol. 13, no. 1, p. 157, Jan. 2021, <a href="http://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010157">http://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010157</a>.</p> <p>[3]J. Li, Y. Zhang, Q. Sheng, Z. Wu, B. Wang, Z. Hu, G. Shen, M. Schmitt, M. Molinier, “Thin Cloud Removal Fusing Full Spectral and Spatial Features for Sentinel-2 Imagery,” in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 15, pp. 8759-8775, 2022, <a href="http://10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3211857">http://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3211857</a>.</p>
Momentum space imaging of ultra-thin electron liquids in δ-doped silicon
<p><strong>Dataset: </strong>SX-ARPES raw data, processed data and the codes used for analysing and data fitting our work at doi/10.1002/advs.202302101 are all available here. The theoretical mdelling is also avaiable.</p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Two-dimensional dopant layers (δ-layers) in semiconductors provide the high-mobility electron liquids (2DELs) needed for nanoscale quantum-electronic devices. Key parameters such as carrier densities, effective masses, and confinement thicknesses for 2DELs have traditionally been extracted from quantum magnetotransport. In principle, the parameters are immediately readable from the one-electron spectral function that can be measured by angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES). Here, we measure buried 2DEL δ-layers in silicon with soft X-ray (SX) ARPES to obtain detailed information about their filled conduction bands and extract device-relevant properties. We take advantage of the larger probing depth and photon energy range of SX-ARPES relative to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ARPES to accurately measure the δ-layer electronic confinement. Our measurements are made on ambient-exposed samples and yield extremely thin (< 1 nm) and dense (~10<sup>14</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>) 2DELs. Critically, we use this method to show that δ-layers of arsenic exhibit better electronic confinement than δ-layers of phosphorus fabricated under identical conditions.</p>
Data for "Charge-state lifetimes of single molecules on few-monolayer-thin insulating films"
<p>Data for: Charge-state lifetimes of single molecules on few-monolayer-thin insulating films</p>
Dataset for Colloidal CsPbX3 Nanocrystals with Thin Metal Oxide Gel Coatings
<p>Raw and processed data resulting from the paper "Colloidal CsPbX<sub>3</sub> Nanocrystals with Thin Metal Oxide Gel Coatings", by Dominic Guggisberg, Sergii Yakunin, Christoph Neff, Marcel Aebli, Detlef Günther, Maksym V. Kovalenko, and Dmitry N. Dirin (Chemistry of Materials, 2023). </p>
Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes for the Generation of NaOH and HCl Solutions from Brines: An Inter-Laboratory Evaluation of Thin and Ultrathin Non-Woven Cloth-Based Ion-Exchange Membranes
<p>The SEArcularMINE project aims to recover critical raw materials (CRMs) from brines from saltworks, thus facing a CRM shortage within Europe. To promote a fully circular scheme, the project valorises concentrated brines using electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) to generate the required amounts of reactants (i.e., acids and bases). Regarding the performances of new non-woven cloth ion-exchange membranes (Suez): (i) an ultra-thin non-woven polyester cloth and (ii) a thin polypropylene cloth acting as the support structures were assessed. Additionally, the anion layer includes a catalyst to promote the water dissociation reaction. The effect of current density (100, 200, and 300 Am−2) on the performance of two combinations of membranes in an inter-laboratory exercise using 2 M NaCl was evaluated. According to statistical analysis ANOVA, there was an agreement on the results obtained in both laboratories. NaOH/HCl solutions up to 0.8 M were generated working at 300 A m−2 using both combinations of membranes. Regarding the performance parameters, stack set-ups incorporating thin polypropylene membranes showed lower specific energy consumption (SEC) and higher specific productivity (SP) than ultra-thin polypropylene ones. Hence, for ultra-thin polypropylene membranes, SEC was reported to be between 2.18 and 1.69 kWh kg−1 NaOH and SP between 974 and 314 kg m−2 y−1.<br> </p>
Role of a capping layer on the crystalline structure of Sn thin films grown at cryogenic temperatures on InSb substrates
<p>These are the supplementary data supporting the main publication.</p>
Characterization of Ta/TaN multi-graded thin film coating synthesized by HiPIMS technique
<p><span>This research aims to synthesize and characterize the multi-graded Ta/TaN thin film coatings on AISI 52100 steel, employing the High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering technique. The investigation includes the microstructure, coating thickness, elemental composition, microhardness, and tribological performance using SEM, EDS, XRD, microhardness tester, and pin-on-disc tester, respectively.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.