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607 results for “wind data”
Data for paper "Axial wind effects on stratification and longitudinal sediment transport in a convergent estuary during wet season"
<p>This is the COAWST model data used in the paper. </p>
Wind data for 2010-2011
<p>The files contain 10 minutes database of wind speed and meteorological data.</p> <p>The database is used in the paper "Long-term estimation of wind power by probabilistic forecast using genetic programming" published in the Journal Energies, April 2020.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Factors affecting carcass detection at wind farms using dogs and human searchers
<p>1. The use of detection dogs to effectively monitor bird and bat fatalities at wind farms is becoming increasingly popular. All studies to date agree that dogs outperform human searchers at finding bird and bat carcasses around wind turbines; however, it remains unclear how particular conditions during the search may influence carcass detection.</p> <p>2. We investigate the effect of carcass size, habitat characteristics and weather conditions on carcass detection probability, for both dogs and humans, using data from the monitoring program of a wind farm in Spain.</p> <p>3. A generalized linear model reveals a high performance of dogs (~80% detection probability), with no clear influence of any of the variables analysed. Humans, on the contrary, were markedly affected by the size of the carcass and to some extent, by the vegetation structure. Humans performed poorly at detecting small carcasses (~20% detection probability), more so in dense vegetation.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Our results provide evidence that dogs perform at a high level under a wide range of environmental conditions. They are particularly well-suited for the monitoring of fatalities of small, rare or inconspicuous species in cluttered environments. Humans, by contrast, are very poor at detecting all but the largest carcasses.16-Jun-2020</p>
PIV data of straight blade and swept blade wind turbine
<p>In large wind farms, the wake behind the upstream wind turbine affects the performance of the downstream turbines which reduces the overall power output. The geometry of the wind turbine blades has significant effects on the mechanical efficiency of this process. Here, we suggest to utilize a bio-inspired blade based on the common swift wing. Common swift is known to be a long-distance flyer, able to stay aloft for long periods of time by maintaining high lift and low drag. We study the near wake flow characteristics of a horizontal turbine model with swept blades and its aerodynamic loads. These are compared with a straight-bladed turbine. The experiments were conducted in a water flume using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. Both blades were studied for four different speeds with freestream Reynolds numbers ranging from 23,000 to 41,000. Our results show that the near wake developed behind the swept-back blade was significantly different from the straight blade configuration. The near wake developed behind the swept-back blade exhibited relatively lower momentum loss and suppressed turbulent activity (mixing and production) compared to the straight blade. Comparing the aerodynamic characteristics, though the swept-back blade generated relatively less lift than the straight blade, the drag was relatively lower as well. Thus, the swept-back blade produced 2-3 times higher lift-to-drag ratio than the straight blade. Based on the observations, we suggest that, with improved design optimizations, using the swept-back configuration in wind turbine blades can positively help to improve the energy loss in downstream wind turbines in wind farms and can increase the overall energy efficiency.</p>
Data from: A predictive model for improving placement of wind turbines to minimise collision risk potential for a large soaring raptor
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>1. With the rapid growth of wind energy developments worldwide, it is critical that the negative impacts on wildlife are considered and mitigated. This includes minimising the numbers of large soaring raptors which are killed when they collide with wind turbines.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>2. To reduce the likelihood of raptor collisions, turbines should be placed at locations which are least used by sensitive species. For resident or breeding species, this is often delineated crudely through the use of circular buffers centred on nest sites, which assume uniform habitat use around a nest site.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>3. Using GPS tracking data together with a digital elevation model we build and cross-validate a simple generalizable model, to classify the spatial likelihood of wind turbine collisions for resident adult Verreaux's eagles in any landscape where there are known nests. We apply our methods to operational developments in South Africa to validate the model and demonstrate its ability in predicting actual collision mortalities.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>4. Our Collision Risk Potential (CRP) model included the variables distance to nest, distance to conspecific nest, slope, distance to slope and elevation. Using our model, rather than a circular buffer, resulted in ca. 4–5% improvement in eagle protection while excluding development from the same amount (but not shape) of area. For an equal level of eagle protection, our model can make ca. 20–21% more area available for wind energy development compared to a circular buffer.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>5. Exploring collisions at operational wind farms in South Africa we show that our CRP model correctly predicted 87% of known collisions, while circular buffers (5.2km radius) only captured 50% of collisions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>6. <i>Synthesis and applications</i>: We show that by using predictive models to account for habitat use, a greater area of land can be made available for wind energy development without increased mortality risk to raptors. Our predictive model can be used to provide robust guidance on wind turbine placement in South Africa in a way which minimizes the conflict between a vulnerable raptor species and the development of renewable energy. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Floral trait evolution associated with shifts between insect and wind pollination in the dioecious genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae)
Transitions between animal and wind pollination have occurred in many lineages and have been linked to various floral modifications, but these have seldom been assessed in a phylogenetic framework. In the dioecious genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae), transitions from insect to wind pollination have occurred at least four times. Using analyses that controlled for relatedness among Leucadendron species, we investigated how these transitions shaped the evolution of floral structural and signaling traits, including the degree of sexual dimorphism in these traits. Pollen grains of wind-pollinated species were found to be smaller, more numerous, and dispersed more efficiently in wind than were those of insect-pollinated species. Wind-pollinated species also exhibited a reduction in spectral contrast between showy subtending leaves and background foliage, reduced volatile emissions, and a greater degree of sexual dimorphism in color and scent. Uniovulate flowers and inflorescence condensation are conserved ancestral features in Leucadendron and likely served as exaptations in shifts to wind pollination. These results offer insights into the key modifications of male and female floral traits involved in transitions between insect and wind pollination.
Data from: Sex-specific selection on plant architecture through 'budget' and 'direct' effects in experimental populations of a wind-pollinated herb
Sexual selection may contribute to the evolution of plant sexual dimorphism by favoring architecture traits that improve pollen dispersal to mates in males. In both sexes, larger individuals may be favored if large size allows the allocation of more resources to gamete production (a 'budget' effect of size). In wind-pollinated plants, large size may also benefit males if it allows them to liberate pollen from greater heights, fostering its dispersal (a 'direct' effect of size). To assess these effects and their implications for trait selection, we measured selection gradients on plant morphology in both males and females, as well as pollen production and dispersal in males, of the wind-pollinated dioecious herb Mercurialis annua. In two separate experimental common gardens established at different densities, selection strongly favored plants dispersing their pollen further. Selection for pollen production was observed in the high-density garden only and was weak. In addition, male morphologies associated with increased mean pollen dispersal differed between the two gardens as elongated branches were favored in the high-density garden while shorter plants with longer peduncles bearing inflorescences were advantaged the low-density garden. Larger females were selected in both gardens. Our results point to the importance of selection on male traits that affect pollen dispersal, and to a lesser extent pollen production.
Data from: Adaptive strategies in nocturnally migrating insects and songbirds: contrasting responses to wind
1. Animals that use flight as their mode of transportation must cope with the fact that their migration and orientation performance is strongly affected by the flow of the medium they are moving in, i.e. by the winds. Different strategies can be used to mitigate the negative effects and benefit from the positive effects of a moving flow. The strategies an animal can use will be constrained by the relationship between the speed of the flow and the speed of the animal's own propulsion in relation to the surrounding air. 2. Here we analyse entomological and ornithological radar data from north-western Europe to investigate how two different nocturnal migrant taxa, the noctuid moth Autographa gamma and songbirds, deal with wind by analysing variation in resulting flight directions in relation to the wind-dependent angle between the animal's heading and track direction. 3. Our results, from fixed locations along the migratory journey, reveal different global strategies used by moths and songbirds during their migratory journeys. As expected, nocturnally migrating moths experienced a greater degree of wind drift than nocturnally migrating songbirds, but both groups were more affected by wind in autumn than in spring. 4. The songbirds' strategies involve elements of both drift and compensation, providing some benefits from wind in combination with destination and time control. In contrast, moths expose themselves to a significantly higher degree of drift in order to obtain strong wind assistance, surpassing the songbirds in mean ground speed, at the cost of a comparatively lower spatiotemporal migratory precision. 5. Moths and songbirds show contrasting but adaptive responses to migrating through a moving flow, which are fine-tuned to the respective flight capabilities of each group in relation to the wind currents they travel within.
Data from: Encoding of wind direction by central neurons in Drosophila
Wind is a major navigational cue for insects, but how wind direction is decoded by central neurons in the insect brain is unknown. Here we find that walking flies combine signals from both antennae to orient to wind during olfactory search behavior. Movements of single antennae are ambiguous with respect to wind direction, but the difference between left and right antennal displacements yields a linear code for wind direction in azimuth. Second-order mechanosensory neurons share the ambiguous responses of a single antenna and receive input primarily from the ipsilateral antenna. Finally, we identify novel "wedge projection neurons" that integrate signals across the two antennae and receive input from at least three classes of second-order neurons to produce a more linear representation of wind direction. This study establishes how a feature of the sensory environment—wind direction—is decoded by neurons that compare information across two sensors.
Data from: Costs and benefits of non-random seed release for long distance dispersal in wind-dispersed plant species
The dispersal ability of plants is a major factor driving ecological responses to global change. In wind-dispersed plant species, non-random seed release in relation to wind speeds has been identified as a major determinant of dispersal distances. However, little information is available about the costs and benefits of non-random abscission and the consequences of timing for dispersal distances. We asked: 1) To what extent is non-random abscission able to promote long-distance dispersal and what is the effect of potentially increased pre-dispersal risk costs? 2) Which meteorological factors and respective timescales are important for maximizing dispersal? These questions were addressed by combining a mechanistic modelling approach and field data collection for herbaceous wind-dispersed species. Model optimization with a dynamic dispersal approach using measured hourly wind speed showed that plants can increase long-distance dispersal by developing a hard wind speed threshold below which no seeds are released. At the same time, increased risk costs limit the possibilities for dispersal distance gain and reduce the optimum level of the wind speed threshold, in our case (under representative Dutch meteorological conditions) to a threshold of 5-6 m s-1. The frequency and predictability (auto-correlation in time) of pre-dispersal seed-loss had a major impact on optimal non-random abscission functions and resulting dispersal distances. We observed a similar, but more gradual, bias towards higher wind speeds in six out of seven wind-dispersed species under natural conditions. This confirmed that non-random abscission exists in many species and that, under local Dutch meteorological conditions, abscission was biased towards winds exceeding 5-6 m s-1. We conclude that timing of seed release can vastly enhance dispersal distances in wind-dispersed species, but increased risk costs may greatly limit the benefits of selecting wind conditions for long-distance dispersal, leading to moderate seed abscission thresholds, depending on local meteorological conditions and disturbances.
Data from: Collective response of leaf-cutting ants to the effects of wind on foraging activity
One advantage of sociality is to mitigate environmental restrictions through collective behavior. Here we document a colony-level response of leaf-cutting ants to wind, an environmental factor that impedes foraging. Given that larger ants adhere more strongly to the substrate, increasing forager size in windy conditions should reduce the negative effect of wind. We tested this idea for Acromyrmex lobicornis in windy regions of Patagonia. We examined (1) whether the fraction of larger ants versus smaller ants increased in windy conditions and (2) whether the effect of wind on the ants' movement was lower for larger ants. The size-frequency distribution of foragers was skewed more toward larger ants in nature under more windy conditions. Under windy conditions in the field, the mobility of smaller ants was more reduced than that of larger ants. The change toward larger foragers in windy conditions reduced the negative effect of wind by 32%, illustrating how a social organism can collectively mitigate the adverse effects of the environment.
Site-specific Design Load Cases for floating offshore wind turbine applications I : Historical data
<p>This document includes a brief description of the <a href="https://leopard.tu-braunschweig.de/receive/dbbs_mods_00077703" target="_blank" rel="noopener">first database</a> on the site-specific Design Load Cases (DLCs) based on historical metocean data. The dataset includes metocean data, statistical analysis and site-specific DLCs across the three areas of study defined in the INF4INiTY project: Scottish Sea, Baltic Sea and Adriatic Sea. In addition to the dataset, this deliverable includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for the analysis of specific locations within these three areas and the generation of the site-specific DLCs.<br>The aim of this initial version of the database is to provide a first characterisation of the areas of interest in order to use the DLCs on the design of the different innovations planned in various work packages (WPs) INF4INiTY. As the project proceeds, the second database will extend the site-specific DLCs including forecasted data for different horizons and under diverse climate change scenarios.<br>The deliverable is divided into six brief sections describing the (i) the GUI, (ii) characteristics of the data, (iii) the three areas of study and technological requirements, (iv) historical metocean data, (v) site-specific statistical analysis and reporting, and (vi) site-specific DLCs.</p>
Data Used for Article: Speeding up large wind farms layout optimization using gradients, parallelization, and a heuristic algorithm for the initial layout
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
SuperDARN convection data used in the study of "Relation between Magnetopause Position and Reconnection Rate under Quasi-Steady Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure"
<p>Convection velocity data is available in the netCDF file format.</p>
Wind Tunnel Mosquito Trajectory Data
<p>Mosquitoes track odors, locate hosts, and find mates visually. The color of a food resource, such as a flower or warm-blooded host, can be dominated by long wavelengths of the visible light spectrum (green to red for humans) and is likely important for object recognition and localization. However, little is known about the hues that attract mosquitoes or how odor affects mosquito visual search behaviors. We use a real-time 3D tracking system and wind tunnel that allows careful control of the olfactory and visual environment to quantify the behavior of more than 1.3 million mosquito trajectories. We find that CO<sub>2</sub> induces a strong attraction to specific spectral bands, including those that humans perceive as cyan, orange, and red. Sensitivity to orange and red correlates with mosquitoes' strong attraction to the color spectrum of human skin, which is dominated by these wavelengths. The attraction is eliminated by filtering the orange and red bands from the skin color spectrum and by introducing mutations targeting specific long-wavelength opsins or CO<sub>2 </sub>detection. Collectively, our results show that odor is critical for mosquitoes' wavelength preferences and that the mosquito visual system is a promising target for inhibiting their attraction to human hosts.</p>
Meteor wind data (zonal and meridional)
<p>SuperDARN meteor wind data, based on https://doi.org/10.20383/102.0558</p> <p>*.m.* - meridional</p> <p>*.z.* - zonal</p> <p>X/Y are in radar coordinates - most users can disregard. </p> <p> </p> <p>Supported by NSF #1934973</p> <p>Collaborative Research: Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Operations, Research and Community Support</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>SuperDARN is an international collaboration operating high frequency (HF) radars deployed in the northern and southern hemispheres to measure ionospheric plasma circulation. Each partner institution secures funding and manages operations for their own facilities. The continued availability of SuperDARN data depends on the proper acknowledgment of data by its users. Guidelines for data acknowledgment are as follows:</p> <p>When data from an individual radar or radars are used, users must contact the principal investigator(s) of those radar(s) to obtain the appropriate acknowledgement information and to offer collaboration, where appropriate. Contact information is available in the README file for this collection.</p> <p>For all usage of SuperDARN data, users are asked to include the following standard acknowledgment text: “The authors acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America.”</p> <p>While SuperDARN has an open data use policy, i.e., prior permission to access and analyse the data is not required, the data user is strongly encouraged to establish early contact with any Principal Investigator whose data are involved in the project to discuss the intended usage and collaboration. Data can be subject to limitations that are not immediately evident to users. In addition, some data are embargoed for use by designated Principal Investigators for a period of one year. SuperDARN and the organizations that contributed data must be acknowledged in all reports and publications that use SuperDARN data.</p> <p>The SuperDARN Executive Council (see list in the README) must be notified before data are redistributed through another database. The data are not to be used for commercial purposes. If you have any questions about appropriate use of these data, contact any SuperDARN Principal Investigator.</p>
Data for WISSDOM Synthesis in A Strong Wind Event 13-14 Feb. 2018
<p>Data for 2021JD036418 to plot the figures.</p>
Code - Effects of horizontal resolution and updated surface data on the simulated low-level winds over Incheon International Airport
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supplementary data (Paradox lens on sustainable offshore wind development – A systematic literature review)
<p>Supplementary data for research article.</p>
Data and scripts for Wind is a primary driver of fungal dispersal across a mainland-island system
<p>Data and scripts for reproducing the analyses of Naranjo-Orrico et al <em>Wind is a primary driver of fungal dispersal across a mainland-island system. </em></p> <p>The file allData.RData contains the data in R format. The data include three matrices: the metadata (md), the sample x OTU table (otu.table) and the taxonomic information of the identified OTUs (taxonomy). These three files need to be loaded using the function <em>load</em> in R for reproducing the statistical analyses performed in the study.</p> <p>The statistical analyses consist of joint species distribution modelling with the package Hmsc. To perform the analyses the three scripts need to be run consecutively from S1 to S3. S1 defines and fits the 12 models fitted in the study (which include both presence-absence and abundance models, with different variants with a different set of explanatory variables). S2 shows the parameter estimates from the fitted models, in particular the beta parameters and the variance partitioning across environmental covariates. S3 builds the predictions on species richness and community weighted spore traits in relation to the focal environmental predictors. </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.