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Figs 35–38. Mythicomyiidae wings. 35 in Annotated keys to the genera of African Bombylioidea (Diptera: Bombyliidae; Mythicomyiidae)
Figs 35–38. Mythicomyiidae wings. 35. Cyrtosia sp. (from Hull 1973). 36. Empidideicus turneri Hesse (from Hull 1973). 37. Ahessea crassirostris (Hesse). 38. Cyrtisiopsis singularis Séguy.
Figs 31–34. Mythicomyiidae wings. 31 in Annotated keys to the genera of African Bombylioidea (Diptera: Bombyliidae; Mythicomyiidae)
Figs 31–34. Mythicomyiidae wings. 31. Reissa roni Evenhuis and Báez sp. n. 32. Doliopteryx welwitschia Evenhuis. 33. Pseudoglabellula meridionalis Hesse. 34. Empidideicus zuluensis (Hesse).
Figs 27–30. Mythicomyiidae wings. 27 in Annotated keys to the genera of African Bombylioidea (Diptera: Bombyliidae; Mythicomyiidae)
Figs 27–30. Mythicomyiidae wings. 27. Leylaiya mellivora (Hesse). 28. Mnemomyia rostrata Bowden. 29. Glella ashleyi Greathead and Evenhuis sp. n. 30. Glabellula natalensis Hesse.
Figs 10–13 in A new species of Diopsis L. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from South Africa and Swaziland, and brief review of African species with a large apical wing spot
Figs 10–13. Diopsis eisentrauti (♀ holotype, Soppo, Cameroon): (10) postabdomen, ventral view; (11) tergum 10 and cerci, dorsal view; (12) subanal plate; (13) spermathecae. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Figs 24–27 in A new species of Diopsis L. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from South Africa and Swaziland, and brief review of African species with a large apical wing spot
Figs 24–27. Diopsis stuckenbergi sp. n. (♀ paratype, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa): (24) postabdomen, ventral view; (25) tergum 10 and cerci, dorsal view; (26) subanal plate; (27) spermathecae. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Figs 1–4 in A new species of Diopsis L. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from South Africa and Swaziland, and brief review of African species with a large apical wing spot
Figs 1–4. Head, anterior view (1, 2), wing, dorsal view (3, 4): (1) Diopsis eisentrauti (♀ Togo); (2) D. stuckenbergi sp. n. (♀ paratype, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa); (3) D. eisentrauti (♂ Yaoundé, Cameroon); (4) D. stuckenbergi sp. n. (♂ paratype, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa). Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figs 6–9 in A new species of Diopsis L. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from South Africa and Swaziland, and brief review of African species with a large apical wing spot
Figs 6–9. Scutum: (6, 7) Diopsis eisentrauti, showing difference in width of transverse pruinose facia in males from Congo (note Laboulbeniales in Fig. 6); (8) D. stuckenbergi sp. n. (♂ paratype, Swaziland) showing pruinose T-cross; (9) D. stuckenbergi sp. n. (♀ paratype, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa) lacking central section of T-cross. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figs 14–19 in A new species of Diopsis L. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from South Africa and Swaziland, and brief review of African species with a large apical wing spot
Figs 14–19. Surstylus, lateral view (14, 15), female sternum 8 (16, 17), sclerotised ring (18, 19): (14) Diopsis eisentrauti (Yaoundé, Cameroon); (15) D. stuckenbergi sp. n. (paratype, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa); (16, 18) D. eisentrauti (holotype, Soppo, Cameroon); (17, 19) D. stuckenbergi sp. n. (paratype, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Figs 20–22 in A new species of Diopsis L. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from South Africa and Swaziland, and brief review of African species with a large apical wing spot
Figs 20–22. Diopsis eisentrauti (♂ Kumba, Cameroon): (20) epandrium with surstyli and cerci, posterior view; (21) phallapodeme, lateral view; (22) ejaculatory apodeme and sac. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Figs 28–30 in A new species of Diopsis L. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from South Africa and Swaziland, and brief review of African species with a large apical wing spot
Figs 28–30. Diopsis stuckenbergi sp. n. (♂ paratype, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa): (28) epandrium with surstyli and cerci, posterior view; (29) phallapodeme, lateral view; (30) ejaculatory apodeme and sac. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Figures 8-9. Madachironomus gen. n., wings. 8 in MADACHIRONOMUS, A NEW GENUS OF TRIBE PSEUDOCHIRONOMINI (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE, CHIRONOMINAE) FROM MADAGASCAR Abstract
Figures 8-9. Madachironomus gen. n., wings. 8) M. lakazana sp. n., male; 9) M. rongaronga sp. n., female (photo Torbjørn Ekrem).
Fig. 1. Morphological terms and measurement characters for wings. a in A review of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) from Vietnam, with descriptions of ten new species
Fig. 1. Morphological terms and measurement characters for wings. a. Fore wing (BC = basal cell; DS = discosubmarginal cell; FS = first subdiscal cell; MC = marginal cell; SD = second discal cell). b. Hind wing. c. Central part of fore wing (AI = cd / ab; CI = gf / fh; DI = k / fe; ICI = ab / cb; SDI = fe / ig; SI = l / j; SRI = ce / fe).
Wing-flick of Guaranisaria llanoi.
<p>Wing-flick of Eryngium-cicada, <em>Guaranisaria llanoi </em>(Cicadidae: Carinetini), in Pampa grasslands. </p>
Рис. 2–4. Внешний виΑ Acrotylus longipes и кубышка. 2 – жеΛтокрыΛая форма; 3 – оранжевокрыΛая форма; 4 – кубышка. Figs 2–4. General view of Acrotylus longipes and еgg capsule. 2 – yellow-winged form; 3 – orange-winged form; 4 – еgg capsule. in Notes to the fauna and bionomics of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) of the Taman Peninsula with record of a new species for the Caucasus
Рис. 2–4. Внешний виΑ Acrotylus longipes и кубышка. 2 – жеΛтокрыΛая форма; 3 – оранжевокрыΛая форма; 4 – кубышка. Figs 2–4. General view of Acrotylus longipes and еgg capsule. 2 – yellow-winged form; 3 – orange-winged form; 4 – еgg capsule.
Machine learning analysis of wing venation patterns accurately identifies Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae and Muscidae fly species
<p>In medical, veterinary, and forensic entomology, the ease and affordability of image data acquisition have resulted in whole-image analysis becoming an invaluable approach for species identification. Krawtchouk moment invariants are a classical mathematical transformation that can extract local features from an image, thus allowing subtle species-specific biological variations to be accentuated for subsequent analyses. We extracted Krawtchouk moment invariant features from binarised wing images of 759 male fly specimens from the Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Muscidae families (13 species and a species variant). Subsequently, we trained the Generalized, Unbiased, Interaction Detection and Estimation (GUIDE) random forests classifier using linear discriminants derived from these features and inferred the species identity of specimens from the test samples. Five-fold cross validation results show a 98.56 ± 0.38% (standard error) mean identification accuracy at the family level, and a 91.04 ± 1.33% mean identification accuracy at the species level. The mean F1-score of 0.89 ± 0.02 reflects good balance of precision and recall properties of the model. The present study consolidates findings from previous small pilot studies of the usefulness of wing venation patterns for inferring species identities. Thus, the stage is set for the development of a mature data analytic ecosystem for routine computer image-based identification of fly species that are of medical, veterinary, and forensic importance.</p>
Fig. 36. Character 33. Hind wing anal lobe, states 0 and 1 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna
Fig. 36. Character 33. Hind wing anal lobe, states 0 and 1: (0) broad with vein 3A usually strongly curved at distal end, long and separated from wing margin; (1) narrow with vein 3A tending straight, short and usually adjacent to wing margin.
Fig. 33. Character 22. Fore wing veins M in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna
Fig. 33. Character 22. Fore wing veins M and CuA, states 0–4: (0) unfused and widely separated at basal cell; (1) unfused but CuA and M very much closer than CuA is to CuP+1A, with basal cell very elongate; (2) meeting at basal cell but veins not aligned; (3) meeting at basal cell with vein aligned after basal cell but not fused; (4) meeting basal cell with their stems completely fused.
Fig. 34. Character 27. Fore wing outer margin, states 0 and 1 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna
Fig. 34. Character 27. Fore wing outer margin, states 0 and 1: (0) developed for its total length; (1) greatly reduced and in part contiguous with ambient vein.
Fig. 35. Character 32. Hind wing 1 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna
Fig. 35. Character 32. Hind wing 1st cubital cell width at distal ends, states 0 and 1: (0) about equal to 2nd cubital cell; (1) much greater than 2nd cubital cell (twice or more).
Fig. 3 in European net-winged beetles of the Pyropterus clade, with the description of Gomezzuritus gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
Fig. 3. Gomezzuritus alternatus (Fairmaire, 1856), larva 3rd instar (LMBC), Asturias, 25 km SW of Oviedo, Caranga de Abajo. A. General appearance, lateral view. B. Head, pro- and mesothorax, ventral view. C. General appearance, lateral view after the treatment by KOH. D–F. Head, ventral, lateral, and dorsal view. G, H. Terminal abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral view. I, J. Head, thorax, and abdominal segment 1, dorsal, ventral view. K. Abdominal spiracle in segment 1. Scale bars: A–J = 0.5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.