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2,331 results for “Andean”
Fig. 10 in Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution
Fig. 10. Pseudosaldula chilensis, adult (scanning electron micrographs). A. Foreleg, showing small number of spines and distal antennal cleaner on tibia. B. Detail of pretarsus of foreleg showing reduced parempodia and absence of dorsal arolium. C. Middle leg, showing moderate number of spines on tibia. D. Detail of pretarsus of middle leg showing reduced parempodia and presence of dorsal arolium. E. Hind leg, showing large number of spines on tibia. F. Detail of pretarsus on hind leg showing reduced parempodia and presence of dorsal arolium. da, dorsal arolium.
Fig. 9 in Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution
Fig. 9. Pseudosaldula chilensis (scanning electron micrographs). A. Lateral view whole specimen. B. Frontolateral view of face showing structure of transverse swelling across base of clypeus. C. Dorsal view of pronotum, scutellum, and base of hemelytra showing setae on dorsum and contrast between polished pronotum and scutellum and dull hemelytron covered with microtrichia. D. Detail of clavus showing common setae and microtrichia. E. Close-up view of microtrichia in 15D. F. Gland pore on paramere. G. Ventrolateral view of apical third of left paramere. H. Lateral view of apical region of paramere, including processus sensualis. I. Detail view of setae on processus sensualis. tvs, transverse swelling.
Fig. 8 in Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution
Fig. 8. Pseudosaldula bruesi (scanning electron micrographs): Left paramere. A. General view of ventral face. B. Detail of setae on processus sensualis from ventral face. C. Apicodorsal view of setae on processus sensualis. D. Apex of paramere showing short setiform sensors.
Fig. 3 in Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution
Fig. 3. Parameres of Pseudosaldula perula–yungas. Note: The point of insertion of many setae on the paramere cannot be seen because the paramere is heavily sclerotized and nearly opaque. Setae are therefore not drawn to show their exact distribution in many cases, but only to show their lengths and numbers. Nonetheless, the setae of the processes sensualis are drawn so as to accurately portray their number and distribution.
Fig. 2 in Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution
Fig. 2. Parameres of Pseudosaldula andensis–penai. Note: The point of insertion of many setae on the paramere cannot be seen because the paramere is heavily sclerotized and nearly opaque. Setae are therefore not drawn to show their exact distribution in many cases, but only to show their lengths and numbers. Nonetheless, the setae of the processes sensualis are drawn so as to accurately portray their number and distribution.
Figures 5−7 in New data on Neotropical Carpenter Moths of Subfamily Hypoptinae Neumoegen & Dyar, 1894 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). III. Laberlia - a new genus from Northern and Central Andean Mountains
Figures 5−7. Laberlia, male genitalia: 5. L. bellaria (Dognin, 1911) comb. nov., male, Colombia, Tolima, Cerro Bravo, La Libia, 5°06′21"N 75°16′22"W, 3000 m, 03-04.XI.2015 (Genital preparation №142 coll. Naydenov A.E.) (RYB); 6. L. illapai sp. nov., male, holotype, Ecuador, Morona Santiago, 55 km Road Rio Bamba-Macas, 2°11'04"S 78°29'51"W, 3470 m, 24.III.2012 (Genital preparation №321 coll. Naydenov A.E.) (ZISP); 7. L. apusorum sp. nov., male, holotype, Peru, La Libertad, Pataz prov., S of Tayabamba, 3840 m, 08°23.18'S 77°16.39'W, 17.XII.2016 (Genital preparation №331 coll. Naydenov A.E.) (ZISP).
Figures 1−4 in New data on Neotropical Carpenter Moths of Subfamily Hypoptinae Neumoegen & Dyar, 1894 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). III. Laberlia - a new genus from Northern and Central Andean Mountains
Figures 1−4. Laberlia, adults: 1. L. bellaria (Dognin, 1911) comb. nov., male, holotype, Colombia, Quindío Department, Páramo, 3800 m (USNM); 2. L. bellaria (Dognin, 1911) comb. nov., male, Colombia, Tolima, Cerro Bravo, La Libia, 5°06′21"N 75°16′22"W, 3000 m, 03-04.XI.2015 (RYB); 3. L. illapai sp. nov., male, holotype, Ecuador, Morona Santiago, 55 km Road Rio Bamba-Macas, 2°11'04"S 78°29'51"W, 3470 m, 24.III.2012 (ZISP); 4. L. apusorum sp. nov., male, holotype, Peru, La Libertad, Pataz prov., S of Tayabamba, 3840 m, 08°23.18'S 77°16.39'W, 17.XII.2016 (ZISP).
Fig. 3 in Feeding habits of the threatened aquatic Andean frog Telmatobius rubigo (Anura: Telmatobiidae)
Fig. 3. Relationship between Snout-Vent Length (SVL) of Telmatobius rubigo and log-transformed mean volume of the consumed prey. The white triangle represents the indeterminate individual, grey squares represent female individuals, and black circles represent male individuals. The red line represents the linear fit estimated by the regression analysis considering all individuals.
Fig. 2 in Feeding habits of the threatened aquatic Andean frog Telmatobius rubigo (Anura: Telmatobiidae)
Fig. 2. Coverage-based rarefaction (solid line) and extrapolation (dotted line) curves for prey sample completeness (Hill numbers of order q = 0) of the analyzed stomachs of Telmatobius rubigo. The 95% confidence interval boundaries (gray lines) were calculated based on 200 bootstrap replicates.
Fig. 1 in Cannibalism in the High Andean Titicaca Water Frog, Telmatobius culeus Garman, 1875
Fig. 1. Individuals of Telmatobius culeus eating smaller conspecific frogs: (a) wild male eating a juvenile, (b) female captive frog eating a male adult frog, (c) male captive frog eating a female adult frog. Photos by Arturo Muñoz (a), Patricia Mendoza (b), and Adriana Aguila (c).
Fig. 1 in Feeding habits of the threatened aquatic Andean frog Telmatobius rubigo (Anura: Telmatobiidae)
Fig. 1. Adult male of Telmatobius rubigo in its natural habitat in the locality of Santa Catalina, Jujuy province, Argentina. Photo by Mauricio Sebastián Akmentins. de Los Pozuelos basin (Barrionuevo and Abdala 2018; The frogs were located in the rivers through an active Barrionuevo and Baldo 2009). This fully aquatic frog search by visual encounter (Crump and Scott 1994), has a unique feeding behavior among anurans, using a during January and March 2020 (Fig. 1). The frogs specialized feeding mechanism of inertial suction to were captured manually, and the stomach contents were capture their prey (Barrionuevo 2016). Beyond this obtained in situ by the modified technique of stomach singular prey capture mechanism, the knowledge about flushing (Legler and Sullivan 1979; Solé et al. 2005), the trophic ecology of this species remains incomplete. which avoids mortality of the frogs. The stomach This study analyzed the feeding habits of the Laguna contents were individually preserved with 70% ethanol de Los Pozuelos' Rusted Frog in the desert Puna in 1.5 ml polypropylene tubes for subsequent analysis. environment of Jujuy province, Argentina. Due to the For each frog, the sex was recorded based on secondary combination of a strictly aquatic life habit and the inertial sexual characters, such as nuptial pads and keratinized suction feeding mechanism, we expected a predominance spicules on the chest (Barrionuevo and Baldo 2009). The of aquatic items in the diet of this species. Determining size of each frog was measured as the Snout-Vent Length the composition of prey can provide valuable biological (SVL) with a digital dial caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm information to better understand the ecology of this (Mitutoyo Absolute Digimatic, Kawasaki, Japan) and threatened aquatic Andean frog. each frog was weighed with a portable digital scale to the nearest 0.1 g (OHAUS, Parsippany, New Jersey, USA). Materials and Methods After diet samples and measurements were taken, the frogs were released at the capture site. The study was conducted in three localities of occurrence The stomach contents were analyzed under a of Telmatobius rubigo in Jujuy province, Argentina stereomicroscope, and prey were identified to the level (Barrionuevo and Abdala 2018): Queta, in the southern of subclass for Annelida, and to the level of order or distributional range (22°43'7.88"S, 65°58'19.71"W; family for Arthropoda. For each item (prey category), 3,548 m asl); Casa Colorada, in the western distributional the number (N), volume (V), and occurrences (F) were range (22°22'8.9"S, 66°13'29.7"W; 4,333 m asl); and calculated as both absolute and percentage values. The Santa Catalina, in the northern distributional range, volume for intact prey items was estimated according near the type locality of the species (21°56'58.2"S, to the formula used by Dunham (1983) for a prolate 66°02'21.6"W; 3,802 m asl). These localities are in the spheroid: V= 4/3 π x (prey length/2) x (prey width/2)2. Central Andean Puna ecoregion (Dinerstein et al. 1995). The representativeness of the diet sample was The climate is typical of high-altitude desert, being cold evaluated by constructing a coverage-based (species and dry with large daily thermal fluctuations. Precipitation richness) rarefaction curve for incidence data (Chao and events are scarce, occurring as snow and hail in the winter Jost 2012), using iNEXT package, version 2.0.5 (Chao et and rain in summer (Barrionuevo and Baldo 2008). al. 2016) in the program R (R Core Team 2017).
Fig. 2 in First report of Gynmandrosoma aurantianum (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in mandarin (Citrus reticulata) in the inter-Andean valleys of Ecuador
Fig. 2. (A) Flattened antenna of male Gymnandrosoma aurantianum; (B) Hairpencil on male hind tibia; (C) Male genitalia - ae: aedeagus, cu: cucullus, co: cornuti, vi: vinculus, ju: juxta; (D) Female genitalia - ob: ostium bursae, db: ductus bursae, ds: ductus seminalis, b: bursae.
Fig. 1 in First report of Gynmandrosoma aurantianum (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in mandarin (Citrus reticulata) in the inter-Andean valleys of Ecuador
Fig. 1. (A) Gymnandrosoma aurantianum larvae infesting mandarin (Citrus reticulata) fruit; (B) Larva at fifh instar; (C) Pupae (ventral, lateral, and dorsal views); (D) Adult of Gymnandrosoma aurantianum.
Fig. 3 in Thermoregulation in the Andean lizard Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) at high elevation in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia
Fig. 3. (A) Average hourly variation of body temperature (Tb) and operative temperatures (T e) of light exposed, shaded and all models in function of time of the day. Striped area corresponds to preferred temperature interval. (B) Daily activity pattern of Anolis heterodermus (Duméril, 1851).
Fig. 2 in Thermoregulation in the Andean lizard Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) at high elevation in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia
Fig. 2. Frequency of body (T b) and operative (T e) temperatures during wet and dry season in Anolis heterodermus (Duméril, 1851). Average values are shown by black arrows. Striped area corresponds to averaged preferred temperature (T pref) interval for both seasons.
Fig. 1 in Thermoregulation in the Andean lizard Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) at high elevation in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia
Fig. 1. Thermal gradient scheme: (A) shrubs to create a suitable habitat for liZards in the gradient; (B) cooling packs.
Fig. 1 in Infestation, histology, and molecular confirmation of Sarcoptes scabiei in an Andean porcupine (Coendou quichua) from the Central Andes of Colombia
Fig. 1. Coendou quichua with macroscopic lesions corresponding to hyperkeratosis and alopecia, which extend ventrally from the chest to the inguinal region and base of the tail, hyperkeratosis is also observed in the mandible and the fore and hind limbs up to the carpal and tarsal joints (A, B). Histopathological microphotographs of mangy skin of C. quichua, with the presence of tunnels with (black arrow heads) and without (white arrow heads) mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) in the stratum corneum (C) and skin with predominance of hyperkeratosis (hyp) and acanthosis (ac) (D). Light micrographs of: S. scabiei eggs (E). Dorsal view of a female with the presence of robust dorsal setae (ds), numerous and conspicuous triangular cuticular spines (cs) on its dorsal surface (F). Ventral view of a female with the presence of the legs short, with legs I and II bear a stalked empodium (e) that terminate in a broad pad, and the two hind pairs of legs (III and IV) terminate in long setae or bristles (s) (G). Ventral view of a male with the legs I, II and III bear a stalked empodium (e) that terminate in a broad pad and the last pair (IV) of legs terminate in long setae (s) (H). ch (chelicerae), p (pedipalps).
Fig. 2 in Infestation, histology, and molecular confirmation of Sarcoptes scabiei in an Andean porcupine (Coendou quichua) from the Central Andes of Colombia
Fig. 2. Histological microphotographs of the development of the mite S. scabiei in the skin of the porcupine C. quichua. Permanent burrows dug by fertilized adult females, with the presence of a developing egg and the shell of another hatched egg (A, B). Burrows with the presence of three eggshells (sh) and feces (fe), where between two and three eggs are laid daily (C). Developing eggs within burrows in the stratum corneum of the skin, which hatch approximately 3–4 days after oviposition (D–F). Developing larvae in the superficial layer of the skin (G, H). Nymph burrowing just below the skin surface to moult into an adult in 3–4 days (I). Side-axial view of an adult female specimen of S. scabiei in a tunnel in the superficial epidermis. The mites have a short and broad gnathosoma (gn), globose idiosoma, short and conical legs I and II, with a delicate chitinous coating (le). Structures associated with the female reproductive system, spermatheca (sp), ovarian nutrient cell (ONC) located inside the ovary (ov), vitellogenic oocyte (oc) in the oviduct (ovd), as well as chorional gland (chg) close to oviporus (op) are visible (J).
FIGURE 4 in Fish community turnover in a dammed Andean River over time
FIGURE 4 | Observed fish-species richness vs. environments. Violin plot comparing the median, interquartile range, and 95% confidence interval on the distribution pattern of richness among environments (left: native fish, right: non-native fish). The shape of the violin plot represents data distribution by kernel-density estimation, meaning that wider sections represent a higher probability of that given value of richness in that environment; the skinnier sections represent a lower probability. P-values from Kruskal–Wallis test for richness among environment is displayed. The environments were identified from upstream to downstream direction, as follows: (RPM) Porce River isolated between the dams, (RG) Guadalupe River, (RSV) Reservoir, (CFR) Creeks flowing to the reservoir, (CFD) Creeks flowing to the Porce River below the dam and (RPD) Porce River below the Porce III dam.
FIGURE 6 in Fish community turnover in a dammed Andean River over time
FIGURE 6 | Total variance in beta diversity (BDTotal) in each year and first Species Contributions to Beta-Diversity (SCBD) by year. Local contribution to beta-diversity (LCBD) per aquatic environment and year (black circles represents significant values p <0.05).
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