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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Munsell soil color chart: A hyperspectral dataset

This dataset contains hyperspectral images obtained using SPECIM IQ for the Munsell soil color chart (MSC).  The hyperspectral images are stored in ENVI format. For those who are only interested in the endmember spectra for the MSC, we also provided the spectral library .sli and .hdr inside the endmembers folder.  The acquisition details for each image can be found in the .hdr file and metadata folder inside the whole folder. For the whole image, the acquisition details are: Table 1. Acquisition details <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>samples</td> <td>512</td> </tr> <tr> <td>lines</td> <td>512</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bands</td> <td>204</td> </tr> <tr> <td>default bands</td> <td>70, 53,19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>binning</td> <td>1,1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tint (integration time)</td> <td>10 (ms)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fps</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td>wavelength range</td> <td>397.32 - 1003.58 nm</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The dataset is organized into several folders, each containing different types of datasets.  <ul> <li>whole folder contains the entire scene hyperspectral image. This folder contains capture, metadata, and results subfolder.  <ul> <li>.png inside the folder is natural color plotting (RGB from default bands in Table. 1) from captured hyperspectral image. </li> <li>capture folder contains dark reference, white reference and radiance data </li> <li>metadata folder contains the metadata of the acquisition and device settings. </li> <li>results contains the reflectance calculated by the device (in .dat, .hdr and rendered natural plotting in .png ) from the hyperspectral camera and .png images of the scene, background, and viewfinder from the device's RGB camera. </li> </ul> </li> <li> chips folder contains only the cropped 20*20 voxels for each color chip reflectances. Each page has its own folder  and each folder contains .hdr and .img for each color chip.  </li> <li> endmembers folder contains the spectral library (.sli and .hdr). Each page in MSC have their own .sli and .hdr. </li> </ul> Some of the code snippets that might help to read the dataset using python spectral library to load the dataset <pre><code class="language-python">from spectral import * import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # load the hyperspectral image .hdr and store it to a variable hsi = open_image(PATH) # get the natural RGB plotting of the hyperspectral image using the SPECIM main band hsi_rgb = hsi[:,:,[70,53,19]] # read the spectral library .sli and store it to a variable sli = open_image(PATH) # plot the first endmember plt.plot(sli.spectra[0]) # get the endmembers name sli.names</code></pre> if you have any question kindly reach me on riestiyf@stud.ntnu.no

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

IODP Expedition 392 Color reflectance

Color reflectance data were measured on section halves using an integration sphere and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer mounted on the Section Half Multisensor Logger (SHMSL). Spectral counts are recorded in the range of 380 to 700 nm, covering the visible spectrum, and binned in ~2 nm bins. Spectral data are reduced from spectra and recorded in tristimulus XYZ values, CieLAB L*a*b* values, and other units.

DESI Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (DC3R2): Results from early DESI data

The data and python code used to reproduce the figures in the paper of the same name, J. McCullough et al.

Automatic message sequence chart creation from simulation run of the Chandy-Lamport algorithm modeled by colored Petri net

Videos of two message sequence chart creation from simulation runs of the Chandy-Lamport algorithm modeled by colored Petri net using the CPN tool. Message Sequence Chart Of Model With Automatic Simulation Run_SuppInfo.mp4: This video shows the automatic generation of a message sequence chart of a proposed colored Petri net model of the Chandy-Lamport distributed global snapshot algorithm using the CPN tool version 4.0.1. The video has been generated by the authors' updated extension server of the CPN tool. The automatic simulation run of the model has been used to create this video. The CPN tool randomly selects the enabled transition in an automatic simulation run. Message Sequence Chart Of Model With Step-By-Step Simulation Run_SuppInfo.mp4: This video shows the automatic generation of a message sequence chart of the proposed colored Petri net model of the Chandy-Lamport algorithm in a step-by-step simulation run with our updated extension server of the CPN tools version 4.0.1. We fired our selected enabled transition of the model to create this video.

Model checking of Chandy-Lamport algorithm modeled by colored Petri net

This video shows model checking of a proposed colored Petri net model of the Chandy-Lamport distributed global snapshot algorithm using the CPN tool version 4.0.1. It shows the functions and codes written in ML language and the result of calling them used for model checking the proposed model's state space graph. The last ML code at the end of the page, named state space, does whole model checking and operates using previously displayed codes and functions. This video aimed to demonstrate the steps of our proposed model checking.

Munsell soil color chart: a spectral reflectance dataset

This dataset contains the calculated spectral reflectance of the 2009 edition of Munsell soil colour chart measured using Konika Minolta 2000 spectroradiometer with a tungsten lamp as the light source. The spectroradiometer has a 380-780nm spectral range with a 1nm spectral sampling. Reflectance is obtained by using the following equation with the assumption of a uniformly-illuminated surface. \(R(\lambda) = \frac{\Phi(\lambda)_{Reflected}}{\Phi(\lambda)_{Incident}} \) \( \Phi(\lambda)_{Incident} = \frac{\Phi(\lambda)_{sample}}{R(\lambda)_{sample}} \) using a known  \(R(\lambda)\) of white reference tile used to obtain \(\Phi(\lambda)_{Incident}\) of the tungsten lamp.   If you have any questions regarding this dataset, kindly contact me on riestiya.z.fadillah@ntnu.no

figure 3 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 3 Variation in body pigmentation between different background coloration treatments during ethe xperimental time in H. arborea tadpoles. dl – dark-light treatment; d – dark treatment; dd – darkdark treatment; ld – light-dark treatment; l – light treatment; ll – light-light treatment

figure 4 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 4 The tadpole body coloration by treatment: day 0 – the start of the experiment, average pigmentation 69% of dark pixels, no treatment groups; day 20 of the experiment (day 20) – two treatment groups, Dark and Light, average pigmentation d – 93% and l – 62% of dark pixels; day 36 – the end of the experiment (day 36) – four treatments, dd – dark-dark treatment, ld – light-dark treatment, dl – dark-light treatment, ll – light-light treatment, average pigmentation dd – 90%, dl – 60%, ld – 91%, ll – 70% of dark pixels.

figure 1 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 1 Experimental design of the study. n – sample size; gs – developmental stage by Gosner, 1960

figure 6 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 6 Mean body shape of each treatment in two time points (after 20 days of the experiment – two treatments, and after 36 days/at the end of the experiment – four treatments) visualized in the canonical variate space (cv1 vs. cv 2). 20 d – dark treatment after 20 days; 20 l – light treatment after 20 days; 36 dd – dark-dark treatment after 36 days; 36 dl – dark-light treatment after 36 days; 36 ll – light-light treatment after 36 days; 36 ld – light-dark treatment after 36 days.

figure 8 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 8 How many times on average (with standard error) H. arborea tadpoles from different treatments were detected in the dark background: without predator chemical cues (black bars), with predator chemical cues (grey bars). dl – dark-light treatment; dd – dark-dark treatment; ld – light-dark treatment; ll – light-light treatment.

figure 2 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 2 Position of landmarks (l) and semi-landmarks (sl): l 1 – the tip of the snout, l 2 & 3 – dorsal and ventral points of anterior eye edge, l 4 – the intersection of head-body and dorsal edge of the tail fin, l 7 – the intersection of head-body and the ventral edge of the tail muscle, sl 5, 6 & 8 – the dorsal side of the tail fin, the dorsal side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail fin, all in the same vertical line as l 7, sl 9–12 – the dorsal side of the tail fin, the dorsal side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail fin ¼ the distance between l 7 and l 21, sl 13–16 – the dorsal side of the tail fin, the dorsal side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail fin ½ the distance between l 7 and l 21, sl 17–20 – the dorsal side of the tail fin, the dorsal side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail fin ¾ the distance between l 7 and l 21, l 21 – the tip of the tail

figure 7 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 7 Ontogenetic trajectories of each treatment in two time points (after 20 days of the experiment – two treatments, and after 36 days/at the end of the experiment – four treatments) visualized in the space of principal components (pc1 vs. pc2). 20 d – dark treatment after 20 days; 20 l – light treatment after 20 days; 36 dd – dark-dark treatment after 36 days; 36 dl – dark-light treatment after 36 days; 36 ll – light-light treatment after 36 days; 36 ld – light-dark treatment after 36 days.

figure 5 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 5 Body length variation between different background coloration treatments during experimental time in H. arborea tadpoles. dl – dark-light treatment; d – dark treatment; dd – dark-dark treatment; ld – light-dark treatment; l – light treatment; ll – light-light treatment.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

A meta-analysis of butterfly structural colors: their color range, distribution, and biological production

Butterfly scales are among the richest natural sources of optical nanostructures, which produce structural color and iridescence. Several recurring nanostructure types have been described, such as ridge multilayers, gyroids, and lower lamina thin films. While the optical mechanisms of these nanostructure classes are known, their phylogenetic distributions and functional ranges have not been described in detail. In this Review, we examine a century of research on the biological production of structural colors, including their evolution, development, and genetic regulation. We also create a database of more than 300 optical nanostructures in butterflies and conduct a meta-analysis of the color range, abundance, and phylogenetic distribution of each nanostructure class. Butterfly structural colors are ubiquitous in short wavelengths but extremely rare in long wavelengths, especially red. In particular, blue wavelengths (around 450 nm) occur in more clades and are produced by more kinds of nanostructures than other hues. Nanostructure categories differ in prevalence, phylogenetic distribution, color range, and brightness. For example, lamina thin films are the least bright; perforated lumen multilayers occur most often but are almost entirely restricted to the family Lycaenidae; and 3D photonic crystals, including gyroids, have the narrowest wavelength range (from about 450 to 550 nm). We discuss the implications of these patterns in terms of nanostructure evolution, physical constraint, and relationships to pigmentary color. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future research, such as analyses of subadult and Hesperid structural colors and the identification of genes that directly build the nanostructures, with relevance for biomimetic engineering.

Data for cyanobacteria, nutrients and color from 588 lakes in Finland Norway Sweden and UK extracted from the WISER database

Data on phosphorus, color, cyanobacteria biovolume, total phytoplankton biovolume and cyanobacteria proportion of the total phytoplankton biovolume used for GAMM

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

"I'm something of an untrained, unofficial cultural anthropologist myself. Ihave a business interviewing people to capture their personal histories. I'm always interested how people fit into their world and how they affect their world. I'm a graphic designer who works in the same building as the printing presses that I recorded. Iwalk past the presses every day on my way to talk to the folks in the prepress department. I'm on friendly but not drinking terms with the pressmen. I'm a friend with the prepress manager. Three Heidelberg presses are installed side by side in an open warehouse-like room. The presses are about twenty feet long and about five feet high. With their series of four humps or mounds where each printing cylinder is located, the presses remind one of giant, gray, mechanical caterpillars. Each press has a cyan cylinder, a magenta cylinder, a yellow cylinder and a black cylinder – so the humps are brightly colored. The presses are well lit by banks of fluorescent lights hanging from the ceiling over each press. When you walk into the press room you hear the sound of rock music blaring from a boom box radio mixed with the general din of the presses. It is only when you walk up to a press like Idid for the recordings that you really start to hear the individual strains of clicking, clacking and mechanical, syncopated chattering. When I made my recordings I was intrigued by the subtle variations in the sounds produced by these machines that aren't apparent when you first walk through the door. The pressmen were kind enough to allow me to walk right up to the presses and poke my microphone quite close to the rotating press cylinders. Iuse a Danish Pro Audio microphone about the size of a pencil eraser. An extremely sensitive mic with the capacity for capturing loud sounds such as the presses up close. Rotating the mic to one side or the other focused on the unique sounds coming from one cylinder or the other." [Kevin/KMerrell]18 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice

"I'm something of an untrained, unofficial cultural anthropologist myself. Ihave a business interviewing people to capture their personal histories. I'm always interested how people fit into their world and how they affect their world. I'm a graphic designer who works in the same building as the printing presses that I recorded. Iwalk past the presses every day on my way to talk to the folks in the prepress department. I'm on friendly but not drinking terms with the pressmen. I'm a friend with the prepress manager. Three Heidelberg presses are installed side by side in an open warehouse-like room. The presses are about twenty feet long and about five feet high. With their series of four humps or mounds where each printing cylinder is located, the presses remind one of giant, gray, mechanical caterpillars. Each press has a cyan cylinder, a magenta cylinder, a yellow cylinder and a black cylinder – so the humps are brightly colored. The presses are well lit by banks of fluorescent lights hanging from the ceiling over each press. When you walk into the press room you hear the sound of rock music blaring from a boom box radio mixed with the general din of the presses. It is only when you walk up to a press like Idid for the recordings that you really start to hear the individual strains of clicking, clacking and mechanical, syncopated chattering. When I made my recordings I was intrigued by the subtle variations in the sounds produced by these machines that aren't apparent when you first walk through the door. The pressmen were kind enough to allow me to walk right up to the presses and poke my microphone quite close to the rotating press cylinders. Iuse a Danish Pro Audio microphone about the size of a pencil eraser. An extremely sensitive mic with the capacity for capturing loud sounds such as the presses up close. Rotating the mic to one side or the other focused on the unique sounds coming from one cylinder or the other." [Kevin/KMerrell]18

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Data and code for: Disease outbreaks select for mate choice and coat color in wolves

We know much about pathogen evolution and the emergence of new disease strains but less about host resistance and how it is signaled to other individuals and subsequently maintained. The cline in frequency of black-coated wolves across North America is hypothesized to result from a relationship with canine distemper virus (CDV) outbreaks. We test this hypothesis using cross-sectional data from wolf populations across North America that vary in the prevalence of CDV and the allele that makes coats black, longitudinal data from Yellowstone National Park, and modeling. The frequency of CDV outbreaks generates fluctuating selection that results in heterozygote advantage that in turn impacts the frequency of the black allele, the optimal mating behavior, and the black wolf cline across the continent.

publicSep 2025View details →

Selection maintains floral color polymorphism in the scarlet paintbrush, Castilleja coccinea, reflecting combined ecological factors

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