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10,929 results for “Communities”
Root biomass data: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequences
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. The experiment is being conducted within fields (A, B, C, and D) which were initially low in soil nutrients. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. There are 6 replicates of the 9 treatments in fields A, B, and C and 5 replicates in field D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the plots. In fields A, B, and C the plots are in 6 by 9 grids and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. In field D the plots are 1.5 by 4 meters and are placed in a 3 by 17 grid. The plots are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. Nitrogenfertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. This experiment was begun in 1982 by David Tilman.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Natural Enemies, Plant Diversity and Plant Community Composition
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in a subset of plots within the Big Biodiversity field, including monoculture, 2-species, 4-species, 8-species, 16-species, and 32-species plots. There are 5 different treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, the combination of all pesticides, and nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Plant aboveground biomass data: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Plant aboveground biomass data: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Instantenous rates of ecosystem carbon fluxes: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Counts of White-Tailed Deer Florivory: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequence
These data were collected in the e001 experiment within Field C to better characterize the impact of white-tailed deer on the plant community. These data represent counts of plant stems with an inflorescence present or those with evidence of herbivory that was interpreted as deer florivory.
Plant community richness and foliar fungicides impact soil Streptomyces inhibition, resistance, and resource use phenotypes
Data associated with "Plant community richness and foliar fungicides impact soil Streptomyces inhibition, resistance, and resource use phenotypes" (DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1452534). These data include soil resource measurements and various phenotypic measurements of associated Streptomyces isolates/populations. Specifically, these data note population level inhibition phenotypes according to Herr's Assays, isolate level antibiotic resistance phenotypes against 9 standard antibiotics, and isolate level resource use phenotypes quantified with Biolog SF-P2 96 well plates.
A multi-scaled approach to evaluating the fish community structure within southern Appalachian streams, 2011
There is considerable uncertainty regarding the relative roles of stream habitat, landscape characteristics, and interspecific interactions in structuring stream fish assemblages. Thus, I evaluated the relative importance of environmental characteristics and species interactions, at local and landscape scales, on fish occupancy within the upper Little Tennessee River basin, Georgia, and North Carolina. Using a quadrat sample design, fishes were collected at 525 channel units among 48 study reaches during two consecutive years. I evaluated the relative support for the influence of local- and landscape-scale factors on fish occupancy using multi-scaled,hierarchical, multi-species occupancy models.
Community structure of aquatic vertebrates and macroinvertebrates in relation to hydrologic variables in the Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida USA: Ongoing since 2012
The purpose of this project is to characterize the community structure of aquatic fauna (macroinvertebrates and fishes) and floating mats (including periphyton) across the heterogenous landscape of the NE Shark River Slough in Everglades NP. The community structure (abundance, biomass, and species composition) of floating mat, emergent vascular plants, fishes, and macroinvertebrates, and the spatial distribution of the latter in relation to hydrology, are among the key performance measures targeted for monitoring. The aim of our study is to provide a baseline characterization of these parameters so that the impact of future management activities (e.g., Modified Water Deliveries and Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan) can be assessed. The study area is sampled during the late wet season (September through November) to capture data when all sites are innundated with water and aquatic animal standing stocks are typically at their maximum. We document landscape-scale patterns in the NE Shark River Slough from this comprehensive sampling.
Plant community response to fertilization at Sapelo Island, Georgia
Parallel fertilization experiments were performed in five different types of perennial plant mixtures found in the salt marsh habitat around Sapelo Island, Georgia, from May 1996 to September 1997. Each mixture differed in plot elevation, soil water content, and soil salinity, so each was considered a separate habitat. The mixtures also occurred in different geographic locations (i.e. Dean Creek on southern Sapelo Island, Marsh Landing on southwestern Sapelo Island, and Shell Hammock, which is near the University of Georgia Marine Institute). In May 1996, 16 1mx1m plots were placed within each plant mixture and alternate plots were assigned to control and fertilization treatments. Pelletized fertilizer (29% N, 3% P, 4% K) was broadcast into fertilization treatment plots by hand at the rate of 60g/m^2 every 2 weeks. The central 0.5mx0.5m of each plot was harvested in September 1997 after two summers growth. Live plants were sorted to species, dried to a constant mass, and weighed to measure biomass. Standing dead shoots and litter were not weighed.
Arthropod communities in the Second College Grant, NH
Arthropods are active during the winter in temperate regions. Many use the seasonal snowpack as a buffer against harsh ambient conditions and remain active in a refugium known as the subnivium. While the use of the subnivium by insects and other arthropods is well-established, far less is known about winter community composition, abundance, biomass, and diversity and how these characteristics compare with the community in the summer. Understanding subnivean communities is especially important given observed and anticipated changes in snowpack depth and duration with changing climate. We studied winter and summer insects and other arthropods using pitfall trapping in northern New Hampshire, where snowpack is still relatively intact. We found that compositions of the subnivium and summer arthropod communities differed. The subnivium arthropod community featured moderate levels of richness and other measures of diversity that tended to be lower than in the summer community. More striking, the subnivium community was much lower in overall abundance and biomass than the summer community. Interestingly, some groups and species of arthropods were dominant in the subnivium but either rare or absent in summer collections. These putative “subnivium specialists” included one spider (order: Araneae), Cicurina brevis (Emerton, 1890), and three rove beetles (order: Coleoptera, family: Staphylinidae) Arpedium cribratum Fauvel, 1878, Lesteva pallipes LeConte, 1863, and Porrhodites inflatus (Hatch, 1957). This study provides a detailed account of the subnivium arthropod community, presents novel concepts, and establishes baseline information on arthropod communities in the North American northeastern temperate forest.
Plant cover on 2 x 2 meter rainfall runoff plots in grassland and creosotebush communities at the Jornada Basin LTER, 1989-1990
This data package contains plant cover measurements collected at natural rainfall-runoff plots installed on lands managed by the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) and the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) during the early years of Jornada Basin LTER (LTER-I and II). The purpose of this study was to quantify plant cover and phenology in grassland and creosote bush in runoff study plots, including those that included a termite removal treatment. Plant cover was measured on 20 2 x 2 meter hydrology runoff plots located in zones dominated by either creosotebush or grassland using sampling quadrats divided into 10 x 10 cm units. The number of 10x10cm squares occupied each by plant species was counted and scaled up to determine the total percent cover of each species per plot. Data recorded includes plant species codes, raw cover, percent cover, height of vegetation, and phenology. This study was completed in October 1990.
Rainfall runoff and sediment deposition from 2 x 2 meter plots in grassland and creosotebush communities at the Jornada Basin LTER, 1982-1994
This data package contains data from natural rainfall-runoff plots installed on lands managed by the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) and the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) during the early years of Jornada Basin LTER (LTER-I and II). The purpose of this study was to measure infiltration and runoff rates related to rain event duration and intensity, and soil and organic movement in creosotebush and grassland areas. In addition, some plots were treated with chlordane to remove termites. Nine hydrology runoff plots in the creosotebush sites (Larrea tridentata) were established in 1983 and 12 black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland runoff plots were established in 1989. Each plot was 2 × 2 square meters and surrounded on 3 sides by a metal frame. Rainfall was collected using a 10-cm diameter PVC pipe and a 120-liter tub. There are 4074 plot-events or observations in the data set. The data set includes the date of the rainfall event, relative cover of vegetation, sediment concentration in runoff (mg/l), precipitation (mm), deposited sediment, and percent carbon. This study began in fall 1982 and was completed in fall 1994.
Rainfall runoff water chemistry from 2 x 2 meter plots in grassland and creosotebush communities at the Jornada Basin LTER, 1988-1990
This data package contains data from natural rainfall-runoff plots installed on lands managed by the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) and the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) during the early years of Jornada Basin LTER (LTER-I and II). The purpose of this study was to analyze dissolved chemicals in surface runoff after precipitation events from creosotebush and grassland areas. In addition, some plots were treated with chlordane to remove termites. Nine hydrology runoff plots in the creosotebush sites (Larrea tridentata) were established in 1983 and 12 black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland runoff plots were established in 1989. Chemical analyses began in 1988 (1989 for grassland plots). Each plot was 2 × 2 square meters and surrounded on 3 sides by a metal frame. At the lower slope of the plot is a trough that collects the runoff for analysis. The data set includes the date of sampling, plot IDs, volume (L) of surface water runoff collected, and concentrations of F, Cl, NO3, SO4, NH4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, total N, and total P in mg/L. This study was completed in fall 1990.
Drought increases microbial allocation to stress tolerance but with few tradeoffs among community-level traits
Climate change will increase soil drying, altering microbial communities via increasing water stress and decreasing resource availability. The responses of these microbial communities to changing environments is likely governed by physiological tradeoffs between high yield, resource acquisition, and stress tolerance (Y-A-S framework). We leveraged a unique field experiment that manipulates both drought and carbon availability across two years and three land uses, and we used both metagenomic and bioassay indicators of the three microbial community traits to test the following hypotheses: 1. Drought increases microbial allocation to stress tolerance functions, at the expense of growth and resource acquisition. 2. Because microbes are resource-limited under drought, increased carbon will enable greater expression of stress tolerance. 3. All three key life history traits described in the YAS framework will trade off, especially when resources are limited. Drought did increase microbial physiological investment in stress tolerance (measured via trehalose production), but we saw few other changes in microbial communities under drought. Carbon addition increased resource acquisition (measured via enzyme activity and resource acquisition gene abundance) and stress tolerance (trehalose assay), but did so in both drought and average rainfall environments. We found no evidence of trait tradeoffs, as we found no significant negative correlations between traits (measured via bioassay and metagenomics). In summary, we found C addition, and to a lesser extent, drought, both altered microbial community function and functional genes. However, resources did not alter drought response in a way that was consistent with theory of life history tradeoffs.
SNE01 Species richness, community evenness (Evar) and ANPP effects of nitrogen addition across a gradient of 8 levels in a semi-arid shortgrass steppe and a mesic tallgrass prairie, 2014-2018
This dataset contains the first five years (2014-2018) of the effect of nitrogen addition on species richness, species evenness (Evar) and productivity for a long-term nitrogen addition gradient experiment in two North American grasslands: a semi-arid shortgrass steppe and a mesic tallgrass prairie. Fertilization with time-release urea has been on-going since 2014 in a gradient of eight levels: 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 g/m-2. The effect of nitrogen on richness, evenness and Aboveground Net Primary Productivity (ANPP g/m-2 yr) is calculated as the absolute change in value from control plots to treatment plots within each block.
Soil geochemistry and microbial community data from glaciated and potential glacial refugia sites in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2019)
A study was conducted to examine soil microbial communities and associated geochemical parameters at potential glacial refugia and glaciated control sites throughout the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. Soil samples were collected as part of ongoing long-term monitoring efforts by the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (MCM LTER). The oldest samples used in this study were collected during the 1993-1994 austral summer, and the newest from the 2018-2019 austral summer. "Refugia" sites were selected based on geographical positions and elevations indicative of potential glacial refugia status. Each refugia site was paired with a lower elevation "glaciated" site in the same dry valley that was not likely to have functioned as a refugium. Six replicate soils per sampling site were sequenced with 16S primers following Earth Microbiome Project protocols, filtered using the DADA2 pipeline, and clustered to amplicon sequence variant using the SILVA reference database to generate the microbial classification table included herein. Soil samples were also analyzed for various geochemical parameters as part of this study, which include P, K, NO3-, gravimetric water content, percent organic matter, pH, and electroconductivity.
Hyporheic diatom community assemblages from Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica in January 2019
In this data package, we present diatom community assemblages from hyporheic sediments collected in January 2019 from six transects across Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, Antarctica. These samples were collected to address questions about the retention and processing of particulate organic matter in the hyporheic zone of McMurdo Dry Valley streams. The six transects were located at pools, riffles, and meanders (three of each geomorphology type) along Von Guerard Stream and extended across the stream channel to the edges of the wetted zone, ranging from 6.6 to 13.6 m in length. At each sampling location, we collected subsurface sediment sample that was preserved in formalin directly after sample collection. We characterized diatom assemblages by counting a total of 300 diatom valves from each preserved diatom sample. This data package is associated with a complementary data package that contains hyporheic sediment chemistry for the same samples.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Community Dynamics: Abundance and Species Richness of Fishes Associated with the Coral Porites rus 2000 thru 2011
These data describe the species richness and abundance as part of MCR LTER's reef fish monitoring program to track long-term patterns in species abundance and diversity. This study began in 2000 in the lagoons off of the north shore of the island of Moorea, French Polynesia and the dataset is updated annually. The abundance and life history stage (adults, juveniles or recruits) of all taxa of fishes associated with selected colonies (5-16 colonies per site) of the mound forming coral Porites rus are recorded at seven reef sites located along the north shore of Moorea. These sites are characterized by differences in water depth, distance to the fore reef and the number and types of neighboring corals. Counts are performed by a pair of divers using SCUBA and include semi-cryptic species. The collection of these data was suspended following the last survey conducted in July 2011 due to the extremely low abundance of live P. rus at these locations.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Benthic Community Dynamics: Island Scale Coral Cover Analysis
These data describe the results of outer reef surveys that are conducted on an irregular schedule to quantify coral reef community dynamics on a scale of kilometers. The first island-wide survey was completed in 2006, and the second in 2010; we anticipate conducting such surveys every 5-6 years or as needed to capture the large-scale effects of disturbance regimes. The island-wide sampling adds 3 new sites per shore (for a total of 5 sites/shore with the fixed LTER sites) in each year that the larger scale analyses are completed.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.