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Fig. 5 in Taxonomic evaluation of the "irani-schidlovskii" species complex (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in the Middle East: a morphological and genetic combination

Fig. 5. Variation in four principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3, PC5) among five OTUs of social voles. The proportion of the variances explained by a particular PC is given in parentheses. Symbols and whiskers show means and standard deviations. Acronyms for OTUs: dr – Microtus irani darvishi n. spp., ir – M. irani irani, so – M. socialis, ka – M. schidlovskii karamani, sh – M. schidlovskii schidlovskii.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic evaluation of the "irani-schidlovskii" species complex (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in the Middle East: a morphological and genetic combination

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic relationships among social voles constructed from cytb gene sequences using Bayesian inference. The tree is rooted with grey voles (M. obscurus, M. ilaeus). Numbers on the branches correspond to Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and bootstrap support values (BP) for BI, ML, and NJ, respectively. Branch supports <70 are not shown. The left upper insets depict the "irani-schidlovskii" species complex (photos by F.G).

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic evaluation of the "irani-schidlovskii" species complex (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in the Middle East: a morphological and genetic combination

Fig. 1. The geographic scope of the "irani-schidlovskii" complex. Approximate range modified from Pardi˜nas et al. (2017). Symbols show the location of the collected voles in this study. Numbers refer to the locality of the karyotyped specimens: (1) Lordegan, (2) Koh Rang, and (3) Armenia, cf. Table 1.

Fig. 3. Conventional, G in Taxonomic evaluation of the "irani-schidlovskii" species complex (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in the Middle East: a morphological and genetic combination

Fig. 3. Conventional, G- and C-banded, and Silver nitrate stained karyotypes (A–D) Microtus schidlovskii (Armenia), and (E–H) Microtus sp. (Bakhtiari region, Iran). Black arrows indicate the localization of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). XY: male sex chromosomes.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic evaluation of the "irani-schidlovskii" species complex (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in the Middle East: a morphological and genetic combination

Fig. 2. Craniodental variables scored in the present study in social voles: ONL – occipitonasal length, CBL – condylobasal length, ZW – width across zygomatic arches, InW – interorbital width, CW – cranium width, NL – length of the nasal bone, DL – length of diastema, FIL – length of the incisive foramen, TBL – length of the tympanic bulla, TBW – width of the tympanic bulla, MxTR – length of the maxillary tooth row, MnTR – length of the mandibular tooth row, HS – the height of skull across bulla, RoL – length of the rostrum, RoW – width of the rostrum, RoH – the height of the rostrum, ML– length of the lower mandible.

Fig. 11 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 11.—ICAMER (Iteration of Cuspal Area with Mirror Effect and Rotation) topology analysis of the m1 and M1 of: (A, E) Onychomys leucogaster (MVZ 76624); (B, F) O. torridus (CNMA 3345); (C, G) O. arenicola (CNMA 46447); (D) Acrolophomys rhodopetros (LACM 124878). See Barbière et al (2019) and Supplementary Data SD1 for ICAMER nomenclature and color coding. All scaled to the same size.

Fig. 8 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 8.—Majority-rule consensus tree obtained from Bayesian inference analysis of combined morphological and molecular data sets, in part. Details of the consensus tree corresponding to the ingroup taxa less the Neotomini tribe and outgroups. See Fig. 9 for part of the consensus tree corresponding to Neotominae and non-neotomine outgroup taxa. Posterior probabilities values are indicated in grayscale circles for each node. Terminals in bold indicate the Onychomyini and fossil species (†, extinct).

Fig. 6 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 6.—Phylogenetic consensus tree obtained from maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of the concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear independent loci. Bootstrap support is indicated in grayscale circles for each node. Terminal in bold indicates the Onychomyini species.

Fig. 7 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 7.—Phylogenetic consensus tree obtained from maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of the concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear independent loci. MP analysis yielded a single most parsimonious tree of 14,471 steps (consistency index [CI] = 0.399, retention index [RI] = 0.546). Bootstrap support is indicated in grayscale circles for each node. Terminal in bold indicates the Onychomyini species.

Fig. 3 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 3.—Examples of upper molars of species included in the morphological cladistic analysis, upper molars unknown for Acrolophomys. A— LM1–3, UCMP 317400, from Ronez et al. (2020). B—RM1–3, reversed, FMNH 230688, photo by C. Ronez. C—LM1–3, MVZ 105624, photo by A. Pacheco-Castro. D—LM1–3, MNCN-275, photo by P. Peláz-Campomanes. E—LM1–3, USNM 272116, photo by R. Martin. F—LM1–3, USNM 272176, photo by R. Martin. G—RM1–3, reversed, MVZ 219614. H—RM1–3, reversed, MVZ 225121. I—RM1–3, reversed, MVZ 219161. Photos G, H, and I by Jessica L. Blois, UC Merced. All occlusal views. Not to scale, all M1s adjusted to equal lengths.

Fig. 5 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 5.—Phylogenetic consensus tree obtained from Bayesian inference (BI) analysis of the concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear independent loci. Posterior probabilities support are indicated in grayscale circles for each node. Terminal in bold indicates the Onychomyini species.

Fig. 1 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 1.—First lower molars of Onychomys and Acrolophomys. Onychomys: A—Lm1, UALP 13963, 111 Ranch, Arizona, Blancan (from Tomida, 1985); B—Rm1, FHSM VP-19867, reversed, Hornet, Meade Basin, Kansas, Blancan, photo by P. Peláez-Campomanes; C—Lm1, USNM 525590; D—Lm1, USNM 017881; E—Lm1, USNM 272116; F–H—Rm1, FHSM VP-19868, reversed, Borchers, Meade Basin, Kansas, Blancan; I–K— Lm1, FHSM VP-19869, Borchers, Meade Basin, Kansas. Acrolophomys: L–N—Rm1, reversed, LACM 124878; O–Q—Lm1, LACM 124912; R–T—Rm1, reversed, LACM 156372, Dove Springs, California, latest Hemphillian–earliest Blancan, from Kelly and Whistler (2014). Occlusal views, A–F, I, L, O, and R. Labial views, G, J, M, P, and S. Lingual views, H, K, N, Q. All m1s adjusted to equal length.

Fig. 2 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 2.—Examples of lower molars of species included in the morphological cladistic analysis. A—Rm1–3, reversed, UCMP 317546, from Ronez et al. (2020). B—Rm1–3, reversed, MVZ 105624, photo by A. Pacheco-Castro. C—Rm1–3, reversed, MNCN-275, photo by P. PeláezCompomanes. D—Rm1–3, reversed, USNM 27211. E—Rm1–3, reversed, LACM 125052, from Kelly and Whistler (2014). F—Lm1–3, FMNH 230688, photo by C. Ronez. G—Lm1–3, UNSM 272173, photo by R. Martin. H—Rm1–3, reversed, MVZ 219614. I—Lm1–3, MVZ 225121. J—Lm1–3, MVZ 219161. Photos H, I, and J by Jessica L. Blois, UC Merced. All occlusal views. Not to scale, all m1s adjusted to equal length.

Fig. 4 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 4.—Single most parsimonious tree, 42 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.857, retention index (RI) = 0.926. The cladogram is supported by the following list of hypothesized ancestral synapomorphies (number to left of period denotes character number and to right of period character state). Node 1, 6.1, 13.1, 17.1; Node 2, 5.2, 7.1, 11.2, 15.1, 18.1, 25.1; Node 3, 20.1, 21.1, 24.1; Node 4, 3.1, 16.1, 17.2, 23.2; Node 5, 5.1, 11.1; Node 6, 1.1, 16.2; Node 7, 12.2, 14.1; Node 8, 2.1, 4.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1. Additional apomorphies for terminal taxa are: B. taylori, 5.2; R. montanus, 15.2; and O. leucogaster, 12.1, 14.1, 15.2.

Fig. 10 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 10.—Divergence times tree for Neotominae subfamily based on a concatenated analysis of the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome-b, and intron 2 and parts of exons 2 and 3 of acid phosphatase type V, intron 2 of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene, exon 6 of the protein-coding dentin matrix protein 1 gene, intron 7 of the beta-fibrinogen gene, exon 10 of the growth hormone receptor, single exon of the recombination activation 1 gene, and the first exon of the nuclear gene interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. Divergence date estimates are indicated in millions of years. Bars indicate the minimum and maximum date at the 95% highest posterior density for node height (95% HPD).

Fig. 13 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 13.—Relative proportions of crown divisions in extant genera of tribes of Neotominae following the interpretation of Koenigswald (2020). Relative lengths of differentiated roots of some taxa not available due to breakage or buried in alveolus. Numbers correspond to the following genera: 1, Neotoma; 2, Ochrotomys; 3, Scotinomys; 4, Baiomys; 5, Isthmomys; 6, Reithrodontomys; 7, Onychomys; 8, Acrolophomys; 9, Habromys; 10, Megadontomys; 11, Neotomodon; 12, Osgoodomys; 13, Peromyscus; 14, Podomys.

Fig. 12 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 12.—Selected dental, mandibular, and cranial characters of Onychomys: (A) oblique occlusal view of m1 showing tubercular hypsodonty of procingulid and primary cusps that taper to sharp apices; (B) lateral view of sword or scimitar-like, elongated coronoid process of mandible that extends well posterior of incisor capsule; (C) lateral view of mandible showing dorsoventrally narrowed masseteric scar that terminates anteriorly under anterior root of m1 and dorsal of mental foramen; (D) ventral view of palate showing positions of posterior borders of incisive foramina relative anterior border of M1 and anterior border of posterior nares relative to posterior border of M3; (E) dorsal view of skull showing posteriorly tapered nasals with wedgeshaped termination, and anterior inflation of frontals (arrows). (A–C) O leucogaster, MACN 13433. (D–E) O. torridus, CNP 6482.

Fig. 9 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)

Fig. 9.—Majority-rule consensus tree obtained from Bayesian inference analysis of combined morphological and molecular data sets continued. Part of the consensus tree corresponding to Neotominae and non-neotomine outgroup taxa. Posterior probabilities values are indicated in grayscale circles for each node. Terminal in bold indicates fossil species (†, extinct).

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Fig. 3 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) endemic from the Brazilian Cerrado

Fig. 3.—Karyotype of a male Akodon kadiweu n. sp. (MZUSP 35765) after conventional staining: 2n = 40, FN = 40.