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Fig. 9 in PhyloCode und DNA Barcoding - Taxonomische Regeln und Techniken im Wandel?

Fig. 9: Symbolische Darstellung des "Strichcodes des Lebens" (Ausschnitt des Posters zur 8. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für biologische Systematik vom 13. bis 16.9.2005 in Basel). Bei einem einfachen Produkt-Strichcode reichen 10 Zeichen auf 12 Positionen aus, um 1 Billion unterschiedliche Produkte zu kennzeichnen.

Fig. 8 in PhyloCode und DNA Barcoding - Taxonomische Regeln und Techniken im Wandel?

Fig. 8: Beispiel für die Verwendung des mitochondrialen Cytochrom c - Oxidase I Gens (COI) zur Rekonstruktion der Phylogenese der Harpalini (Carabidae) (abgebildet ist ein Ausschnitt aus dem strikten Konsensusbaum einer ungewichteten Maximum Parsimony Analyse) (aus MARTINEZ-NAVARRO u. a., 2005).

Fig. 7 in PhyloCode und DNA Barcoding - Taxonomische Regeln und Techniken im Wandel?

Fig. 7: Das ringförmige Mitochondriengenom (hier: des Menschen) mit Lage des Gens für die Untereinheit I der Cytochrom c - Oxidase (COI) (JANNING & KNUST, 2004, verändert).

Fig. 2 in PhyloCode und DNA Barcoding - Taxonomische Regeln und Techniken im Wandel?

Fig. 2: Die Arten und höheren Ränge aus Fig. 1 als hierarchisch angeordnete Aufzählung der Namen. Die phylogenetischen Beziehungen der drei Untergattungen sowie der je drei Arten der Untergattungen B und C sind hieraus nicht ersichtlich. Falls es sich um eine gut bearbeitete Gattung handelt, kann allerdings zumindest unterstellt werden, dass neben der monobasischen Untergattung A auch die Untergattungen B und C Monophyla repräsentieren.

Fig. 10 in PhyloCode und DNA Barcoding - Taxonomische Regeln und Techniken im Wandel?

Fig. 10: Die "Wobble"-Base, d. h. die Base an der ersten Stelle (5'-Ende) des Anticodons in der tRNA kann verschiedene Basenpaarungen mit der dritten Position des Codons der mRNA eingehen. Daher ist die dritte Position eines Codons weniger stark der Selektion unterworfen und Mutationen können hier besonders häufig auftreten (aus JANNING & KNUST, 2004, verändert).

Fig. 1 in PhyloCode und DNA Barcoding - Taxonomische Regeln und Techniken im Wandel?

Fig. 1: Die phylogenetische Verwandtschaft der Arten a bis g, der monophyletischen Untergattungen A bis C und der monophyletischen Gattung X, dargestellt als Kladogramm.

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Figure 1 in The first DNA barcodes for the Australian platypus tick Ixodes ornithorhynchi Lucas, 1846 (Acari: Ixodidae) to facilitate conservation efforts for a declining parasite and its host

Figure 1 Ventral view of Ixodes ornithorhynchi specimens from which DNA barcodes were generated. A – Adult female; B – Nymph.

Fig. 16. Leuckartiara longicalcar, n in DNA barcoding of some Pandeidae species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata)

Fig. 16. Leuckartiara longicalcar, n. spec., living animal, height 13-18 mm, photographed by Kevin Lee off Los Angeles, California, USA. Note, this photograph is copyright protected and permission to use it here has been obtained by paying a royalty fee to the author and copyright holder Kevin Lee (www.diverkevin.com).

Fig. 13 in DNA barcoding of some Pandeidae species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata)

Fig. 13. Catablema cf. multicirrata, living subadult specimen from Svalbard (sample DNA 1139), photo courtesy of Aino Hosia. Note the high number of tentacles, estimated about 140 combined with the moderate size of the bell.

Fig. 11 in DNA barcoding of some Pandeidae species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata)

Fig. 11. Catablema vesicarium nodulosum, living medusa from Friday Harbor, WA, USA, bell height about 2 cm, the individual was used to obtain one of the DNA sequences of this study.

Fig. 10 in DNA barcoding of some Pandeidae species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata)

Fig. 10. Neoturris breviconis, living individuals from Friday Harbor, USA. (A) Fully grown animal without apical process, height approximately 3-4 cm. (B) Tentacle bases, note abaxial spurs and the absence of ocelli. (C) Smaller animal than shown in A (not to scale) with an apical process. (D) Medusa of with dark pigment in gonad region. The H-form of the gonad-bearing part of the manubrium is rather characteristic, but only temporary as due to contraction. This H-shape of the gonads is reminiscent of some Leuckartiara species. (E) Same specimen as in D seen from aboral side. Note that the gonadal pits are more numerous and much better seen in this view.

Fig. 9 in DNA barcoding of some Pandeidae species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata)

Fig. 9. COI maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Pandeidae species obtained with PhyML (GTR+G+I model) and based on 664 bp positions of the mitochondrial COI gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). For more details see text and Table 1. Samples based on the polyp stage are indicated, all others are medusa samples.

Fig. 12 in DNA barcoding of some Pandeidae species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata)

Fig. 12. Catablema multicirratum, living medusa from Friday Harbor, WA, USA, bell size about 6.5 cm, about 100 tentacles. The individual was used to obtain the DNA sequences of this study (DNA 868, see Table 1). (A) Whole medusa. The circular spot on the apical process is an area where the epidermis is lost due to contact with the water-air interface. (B) Detail of stomach with gonad folds. (C) Detail of umbrella margin with tentacles.

Fig. 5 in DNA barcoding of some Pandeidae species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata)

Fig. 5. Neoturris abyssi (=Neoturris pileata), living medusa from the Swedish coast, photo taken by Fredrik Pleijel and reproduced with the permission of the author. The manubrium is contracted, feigning a horizontal gonadal fold on the manubrium resembling the permanent one seen in some Leuckartiara species. This photo is copyright protected and it must not be reproduced without the consent of the author.

Fig. 4 in DNA barcoding of some Pandeidae species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata)

Fig. 4. Neoturris abyssi (=Neoturris pileata) medusae from Norway, photographs of the most advanced stages found. (A) Lateral view of manubrium of a medusa with bell size 9 mm (DNA 918, see Table 1). No gametes could be seen when examining the gonad fold under a compound microscope. (B) Manubrium of a medusa with bell size 12 mm (DNA 916, see Table 1); note the increased number of gonadal folds and pits. Small oocytes were present in the gonads folds. Except for the colour this animal closely resemble Mediterranean specimens (Figs 6-7). (C) Medusa of about 10 mm height (DNA 919, see Table 1) cut open and spread to visualise anatomical details (inner side of stomach facing observer).

Fig. 3 in DNA barcoding of some Pandeidae species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata)

Fig. 3. Neoturris abyssi (=Neoturris pileata) medusae from Norway, photographs of living, relatively young stages. (A) Lateral view of medusa with bell size 7 mm (DNA 953, see Table 1). (B) Same as A, detail of radial canals and folds of stomach wall. (C) Same as A, oblique view from below. (D) Animal of bell size 9 mm, detail of tentacle bases, note the absence of ocelli.

Fig. 2 in DNA barcoding of some Pandeidae species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata)

Fig. 2. Neoturris abyssi (=Neoturris pileata), preserved polyp specimens from Norway, Bergen area, Hauglandsosen. (A) MHNG-INVE-54695 on Nucula spec. (B) MHNG-INVE-62572, on a scaphopod, (DNA 695, see Table 1).

Fig. 17 in DNA barcoding of some Pandeidae species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata)

Fig. 17. Leuckartiara spec., living animal. (A) Whole medusa. (B) Bell margin with tentacle bases. (C) Details of manubrium with gonad folds (immature?).

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Fig. 2 in First Records of a Rare Deep-sea Anglerfish, Himantolophus azurlucens, from the Western North Pacific, with Comments on the DNA Barcodes of the Genus (Lophiiformes: Himantolophidae)

Fig. 2. Neighbor-joining tree based on sequence variations of the partial mitochondrial DNA COI gene and escal appendages of representative specimens. Sequences indicated by catalog numbers of specimens (determined here in bold italic) or INSDIC/BOLD registration numbers (determined in previous studies—see Table 1). Numbers at branches indicate bootstrap probabilities following 1000 bootstrap replications. Scale bar equals 0.01 of uncorrected p-distance. Photos were provided by the CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection (CSIRO specimens) and A. L. Stewart (NMNZ specimens).