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FIGURE 3 in The order Tethyida (Porifera) in California: taxonomy, systematics, and the first member of the family Hemiasterellidae in the Eastern Pacific
FIGURE 3. Gene tree at cox1. Bootstrap values are shown for nodes with> 80% support; nodes with <50% support are collapsed. Green = F. Hemiasterellidae, orange = Tethya. Genbank accession numbers are shown; those beginning with MT, shown in bold, are new. Scale bar indicates substitutions per site.
FIGURE 2 in The order Tethyida (Porifera) in California: taxonomy, systematics, and the first member of the family Hemiasterellidae in the Eastern Pacific
FIGURE 2. Gene tree at the large ribosomal subunit (28S). Bootstrap values are shown for nodes with> 80% support; nodes with <50% support are collapsed. Green = F. Hemiasterellidae, blue = Tethytimea, orange = Tethya. Genbank accession numbers are shown; those beginning with MT, shown in bold, are new. Scale bar indicates substitutions per site.
FIGURE 9 in The order Tethyida (Porifera) in California: taxonomy, systematics, and the first member of the family Hemiasterellidae in the Eastern Pacific
FIGURE 9. Morphology of G. gaviotensis spicules. A) Tylostyles and styles; B) oxea; C) euasters. Numbers below scale bars indicate size in µm.
FIGURE 6 in The order Tethyida (Porifera) in California: taxonomy, systematics, and the first member of the family Hemiasterellidae in the Eastern Pacific
FIGURE 6. Microscopic features of T. authia. A) tylostyles, styles from voucher CASIZ 235111, scale bar 100 µm; B) euasters from voucher CASIZ 235111, scale bar 20 µm; C) perpendicular tissue section from voucher TLT 364, scale bar = 500 µm.
Data from: Large-scale connectivity, cryptic population structure, and relatedness in Eastern Pacific olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea)
<p>Endangered species are grouped into genetically discrete populations to direct conservation efforts. Mitochondrial Control Region (mtCR) haplotypes are used to elucidate deep divergences between populations, as compared to nuclear microsatellites that can detect recent structuring. When prior populations are unknown, it is useful to subject microsatellite data to clustering and/or ordination population inference. Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) are the most abundant sea turtle, yet few studies have characterized olive ridley population structure. Recently, clustering results of olive ridleys in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean suggested weak structuring (FST=0.02) between Mexico and Central America. We analyzed mtCR haplotypes, new microsatellite genotypes from Costa Rica, and pre-existing microsatellite genotypes from olive ridleys across the Eastern Tropical Pacific, to further explore population structuring in this region. We subjected inferred populations to multiple analyses to explore the mechanisms behind their structuring. We found 10 mtCR haplotypes from 60 turtles nesting at three sites in Costa Rica, but did not detect divergence between Costa Rican sites, or between Central America and Mexico. In Costa Rica, clustering suggested one population with no structuring, but ordination suggested four cryptic clusters with moderate structuring (FST=0.08, p<0.001). Across the Eastern Tropical Pacific, ordination suggested nine cryptic clusters with moderate structuring (FST=0.103, p<0.001) that largely corresponded to Mexican and Central American populations. All ordination clusters displayed significant internal relatedness relative to global relatedness (p<0.001) and contained numerous sibling pairs. This suggests that broadly dispersed family lineages have proliferated in Eastern Tropical Pacific olive ridleys and corroborates previous work showing basin-wide connectivity and shallow population structure in this region. The existence of broadly dispersed kin in Eastern Tropical Pacific olive ridleys has implications for management of olive ridleys in this region, and adds to our understanding of sea turtle ecology and life-history, particularly in light of the natal-homing paradigm.</p>
FIGURE 14 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 14. SEM of Laminatubus joycebrooksae n. sp. (SIO-BIC A8256A). A—lateral view of a specimen without radiolar crown. B—close-up view of the thorax. C—collar chaetae. D—thoracic chaetae of the last thoracic chaetigerous segment. E—thoracic uncini. F—anterior abdominal true trumpet-shaped chaeta. G—anterior abdominal uncini.
FIGURE 13 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 13. Photos of Laminatubus joycebrooksae n. sp. A, B, C—SIO-BIC A1315, Alvin dive 4501, Mound 12, Costa Rica, 1008 m. D—SIO-BIC A8255, Mound 12, Costa Rica, 1001 m. E– eggs released by the animal.
FIGURE 12 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 12. Photos of Laminatubus joycebrooksae n. sp. A–C—animals in situ, Alvin dive 4501, Mound 12, Costa Rica, 1008 m; D—close-up views of tubes, Alvin dive 4502, Mound 12, Costa Rica, 1000 m. Photo credit: HOV Alvin, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute.
FIGURE 10 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 10. Photos of Laminatubus paulbrooksi n. sp. A–C—SIO-BIC A11567, A11568, A11569, Guaymas Basin, 1565 m; A—specimen in tube; B—ventro-lateral view of the thorax, C—close-up view of the operculum. D—specimen in tube, Alvin dive 4509, Jaco Scar, Costa Rica, 1866 m.
FIGURE 11 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 11. SEM of Laminatubus paulbrooksi n. sp. (SIO-BIC A1586). A—lateral view of a specimen with radiolar crown. B—close-up view of the thorax. C—collar chaetae. D—close-up view of collar chaetae. E—thoracic chaetae. F—thoracic uncini. G—close-up view of anterior abdominal true trumpet-shaped chaeta. H—anterior abdominal uncini.
FIGURE 9 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 9. Photos of Laminatubus paulbrooksi n. sp. in situ. At Jaco Scar, Costa Rica. Photo credit: ROV SuBastian, Schmidt Ocean Institute.
FIGURE 8 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 8. SEM of Laminatubus alvini AM W.38421 body and chaetae. A—lateral view of thorax, B– collar chaetae, C—ventral view of thorax, D—chaetae of the second thoracic chaetiger, E—anterior abdominal chaetae, details of hollow tip, F—anterior thoracic uncini, G—anterior abdominal uncini.
FIGURE 7 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 7. Photos of Laminatubus alvini specimens, Alvin dive 4094. A, B—variability of opercula, C—view of the thorax showing insertion of peduncle, D—dorsal view of an entire specimen removed from tube, E—lateral view of thorax.
FIGURE 5 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 5. Plot using ABGD (Puillandre et al. 2012) of pairwise distances across all Laminatubus joycebrooksae n. sp. and L. paulbrooksi n. sp. CytB sequences using the Kimura (K80) model. There is a clear 'barcode' gap between L. joycebrooksae n. sp. and L. paulbrooksi n. sp. with the latter taxon showing a high level of intraspecific variation. Uncorrected pairwise distances gave a similar distribution.
FIGURE 4. Combined haplotype networks from CytB data for Laminatubus paulbrooksi n in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 4. Combined haplotype networks from CytB data for Laminatubus paulbrooksi n. sp. (top) from Pacific Costa Rica margin and Gulf of California (Mexico) localities and L. joycebrooksae n. sp. (bottom) from Costa Rica. There was little variability among the L. joycebrooksae n. sp. sequences and a distinct break to L. paulbrooksi n. sp. This corresponds to a minimum 6.4% uncorrected distance. Laminatubus paulbrooksi n. sp. showed marked intraspecific variability with distinct breaks among the three main sites; Costa Rica (9°N), Pescadero (23°N) and Guaymas Basin (27°N). * indicates the holotypes for L. paulbrooksi n. sp. and L. joycebrooksae n. sp. respectively.
FIGURE 3 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 3. Haplotype networks from CytB data for Laminatubus alvini from an extensive section of the East Pacific Rise from 23°N to 38°S, over 7000 km. Only two haplotypes were found.
FIGURE 2 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree from the analysis of the combined sequences from CytB, 18S, and Histone H3. Numbers on nodes are those bootstrap scores above 50%. * indicates the holotypes for L. paulbrooksi n. sp. and L. joycebrooksae n. sp. respectively.
FIGURE 1 in Laminatubus (Serpulidae, Annelida) from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, with description of two new species
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Laminatubus spp. in East Pacific. Black square (L. alvini), white circles (L. paulbrooksi n. sp.) and grey triangle (L. joycebrooksae n. sp.). A black diamond is the type locality of L. alvini on the Galapagos Rift.
Data from: Trans-Pacific RAD-Seq population genomics confirms introgressive hybridization in Eastern Pacific Pocillopora corals.
Discrepancies between morphology-based taxonomy and phylogenetic systematics are common in Scleractinian corals. In Pocillopora corals, nine recently identified genetic lineages disagree fundamentally with the 17 recognized Pocillopora species, including 5 major Indo-Pacific reef-builders. Pocillopora corals hybridize in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, so it is possible that some of the disagreement between the genetics and taxonomy may be due to introgressive hybridization. Here we used 6769 genome-wide SNPs from Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) to conduct phylogenomic comparisons among three common, Indo-Pacific Pocillopora species - P.'damicornis, P. eydouxi and P. elegans - within and between populations in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) and the Central Pacific. Genome-wide RAD-Seq comparisons of Central and TEP Pocillopora confirm that the morphospecies P.'damicornis, P. eydouxi and P. elegans are not monophyletic, but instead fall into three distinct genetic groups. However, hybrid samples shared fixed alleles with their respective parental species and, even without strict monophyly, P. damicornis share a common set of 33 species- specific alleles across the Pacific. RAD-Seq data confirm the pattern of one-way introgressive hybridization among TEP Pocillopora, suggesting that introgression may play a role in generating shared, polyphyletic lineages among currently recognized Pocillopora species. Levels of population differentiation within genetic lineages indicate significantly higher levels of population differentiation in the Tropical Eastern Pacific than in the Central West Pacific.
Data from: Abyssal benthic foraminifera in the eastern equatorial Pacific (IODP Exp 320) during the middle Eocene
We report on the faunal transition of benthic foraminifera during the middle Eocene at Site U1333 (4862 m water depth, 3560-3720 m paleo-water depth) of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 320 in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. During the period ~41.5-40.7 Ma, which includes carbonate accumulation event 3 (CAE-3), the benthic foraminiferal accumulation rate (BFAR) increased gradually and then it declined rapidly. In contrast, BFAR was considerably lower during ~40.7-39.4 Ma, corresponding to the middle Eocene climatic optimum (MECO), and then it increased during ~39.3-38.4 Ma, including CAE-4. Diversity (E [S200]) was slightly lower in the upper part of the study interval than in the lower part. The most common benthic foraminifera were Nuttallides truempyi, Oridorsalis umbonatus and Gyroidinoides spp. in association with Globocassidulina globosa and Cibicidoides grimsdalei during the period studied. Quadrimorphina profunda occurred abundantly with N. truempyi, O. umbonatus and G. globosa during ~39.4-38.4 Ma, including CAE-4, although this species was also relatively common in the lower part of the study interval. Virgulinopsis navarroanus and Fursenkoina sp. A, morphologically infaunal taxa, were common during ~38.8-38.4 Ma, corresponding to the late stage of CAE-4. Based on Q-mode cluster analysis, four sample clusters were recognized and their stratigraphic distributions were generally discriminated in the lower and upper parts of the study interval.. Thus, there was only a small faunal transition in the abyssal eastern equatorial Pacific during the middle to late-middle Eocene. The faunal transition recognized in this study may be related to recovery processes following intense carbonate corrosiveness in the eastern equatorial Pacific during MECO.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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