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Fig. 7 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 7. Species discovery curves for several groups of fossil organisms show substantial differences in form. All discovery curves are shown as percentages, even though final totals, in 2003, are very different: trilobites (n = 4126), early tetrapods (n = 515), dinosaurs (n = 694), fossil birds (n = 221), and fossil mammals of North America (n = 3340). The horizontal line marks the "half life" of the discovery curve, the date by which half the currently valid taxa had accumulated. Data from these sources: trilobites (Tarver et al. 2007), dinosaurs (Benton 2008), fossil birds (Fountaine et al. 2008), fossil mammals (Alroy 2002).

Fig. 2 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 2. Perceptions of early tetrapod diversity at three points in research time, 1900, 1950, and 2000. Total numbers of valid species are indicated per series; the 1900 data distribution differs significantly from those for 1950 and 2000, but the 1950 and 2000 distributions do not differ significantly (see text).

Fig. 1 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 1. Discovery curve of valid early tetrapod species (i.e., tetrapods, excluding Lissamphibia and Amniota), plotted against publication year. Species determined as synonymous or dubious in recent revisions are excluded. The curves show proportions through time, rising to 100% of current knowledge, for all early tetrapods (n = 528) and two major sub−divisions, temnospondyls (n = 368), and lepospondyls (n = 85).

Fig. 6 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 6. Cumulative discovery curve of species of early tetrapods showing the relative completeness for each of the eight stratigraphic series, divided into two panels, from Upper Devonian to Middle Permian (A), and Upper Permian to Upper Triassic (B), plotted against decades in research time. The horizontal line marks the "half life" of the discovery curve, the date by which half the currently valid taxa had accumulated. Numbers of taxa per series are: Upper Devonian (17), Lower Carboniferous (25), Upper Carboniferous (108), Lower Permian (125), Middle Permian (36), Upper Permian (20), Lower Triassic (100), Middle Triassic (46), Upper Triassic (5), Jurassic (5), Cretaceous (1).

Fig. 4 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 4. Cumulative discovery curves of species of early tetrapods showing the relative completeness for each of the nine major geographic regions: North America, Europe, and Africa (A), South America, Greenland, and Australia (B), Asia, India, and Russia (C), plotted against decades in research time. The horizontal line marks the "half life" of the discovery curve, the date by which half the currently valid taxa had accumulated. Total numbers of taxa are given for each continent.

Fig. 3 in The fossil record of early tetrapods: Worker effort and the end-Permian mass extinction

Fig. 3. Histogram of the total number of valid early tetrapod species from each major geographic region. Totals are: Europe (171), North America (156), Russia (77), Africa (51), Australia (30), India (14), Asia excluding India (12), South America (11), and Greenland (9).

Fig. 6 in The phanerozoic diversity of agglutinated foraminifera: Origination and extinction rates

Fig. 6. Ranked per−capita extinction (A) and origination (B) rates, showing events of highest amplitude.

Fig. 1 in The phanerozoic diversity of agglutinated foraminifera: Origination and extinction rates

Fig. 1. Number of agglutinated foraminiferal genera in each geological stage based on updated ranges of 764 genera (including genera reported only from a single stage).

Fig. 2 in The phanerozoic diversity of agglutinated foraminifera: Origination and extinction rates

Fig. 2. Phanerozoic mean standing diversity of agglutinated foraminifera and mean sea level. The mean sea level curve was generated using Time Scale Creator, version 4.0.2 [http://www.tscreator.com]

Fig. 5 in The phanerozoic diversity of agglutinated foraminifera: Origination and extinction rates

Fig. 5. Per−capita (A) and percent (B) origination rates of agglutinated foraminiferal genera over the Phanerozoic.

Fig. 3 in The phanerozoic diversity of agglutinated foraminifera: Origination and extinction rates

Fig. 3. Stratigraphic ranges of agglutinated foraminiferal suborders (Kaminski 2004) over the Phanerozoic.

Fig. 9 in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 9. Transverse serial sections of Ripidiorhynchus livonicus (Buch, 1834) from the early Frasnian of the Main Devonian Field, northwestern Russia. Numbers refer to distances in mm from the top of the ventral umbo. A. CNIGR 1/13076. B. Longitudinal section. CNIGR 2/13076, Chudovo beds, Vybuty rapids, Velikaya River, Pskov region. C. CNIGR 3/13076, Dubnik beds, quarry near town Stary Izborsk, Pechory district.

Fig. 7 in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 7. Transverse serial sections of Ripidiorhynchuschencinensis sp. nov. from the Givetian, Jaźwica Mbr., Góra Zamkowa, Poland. Numbers refer to distances in mm from the top of the ventral umbo. A. GIUS 4−216/R−10−2. B. Longitudinal section of GIUS 4−216/R−10−3.

Fig. 6 in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 6. Ripidiorhynchus chencinensis sp. nov. from the late Givetian of Poland. A–D. Holotype, GIUS 4−216/R−10 in ventral, dorsal, lateral, and anterior views, × 1.5. E–H. Juvenile shell GIUS 4−216/R−10−1 in ventral, dorsal, lateral, and anterior views, × 1.5. Jaźwica Mbr., Góra Zamkowa.

Fig. 10. A–I in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 10. A–I. Ripidiorhynchushuotinus (Verneuil, 1845). A–D. CNIGR 763/4572 from the early Famennian, Zadonsk Horizon, central regions of Russia, in ventral, dorsal, anterior, and lateral views. Sosna River basin. E–I.CNIGR 4/13076, ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. Kamenka village. J–Q. Ripidiorhynchusgriasicus (Nalivkin, 1934), from early Famennian, Elets Horizon, Sosna River basin. J–M. Neotype. CNIGR 266/4572, ventral, dorsal, anterior, and lateral views. N–Q. CNIGR1046/4572, ventral, lateral, dorsal, and anterior views. R–U. Ripidiorhynchuscernosemicus (Nalivkin, 1934) CNIGR 862/4572, ventral, dorsal, anterior, and lateral views. Early Famennian, Zadonsk Horizon, Sosna River basin. All × 1.5.

Fig. 15 in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 15. Transverse serial sections of Globulirhynchiaminima sp. nov. from the early Famennian, Evlanovo Horizon, Don River basin, Zadonsk region, central Russia.Numbers refer to distances in mm from the top of the ventral umbo. A. CNIGR 15/13076. B. CNIGR 16/13076. C. CNIGR 17/13076.

Fig. 5. A in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 5. A. Stratigraphic column of section 8 (see Fig. 3B); distribution of Globulirhynchia minima sp. nov. and other co−occurring brachiopods within the Evlanovo Horizon. B. Stratigraphical column of section 5 (see Fig. 3B); the uppermost part of the Frasnian, Livny Horizon. C. Stratigraphical column of section 6 (see Fig. 3B); appearance and distribution of Ripidiorhynchushuotinus (Verneuil, 1845) in Zadonsk Horizon. D. Stratigraphical column of section 1 (see Fig. 3B); distribution of Ripidiorhynchus griasicus (Nalivkin, 1934) in Elets horizon.

Fig. 12. A in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 12. A. Transverse serial section of Ripidiorhynchus huotinus (Verneuil, 1845). Numbers refer to distances in mm from the top of the ventral umbo, CNIGR 7/13076. B. Longitudinal section. CNIGR 8/13076. C. Reconstruction of the crural plates, CNIGR 9/13076. Early Frasnian, Zadonsk Horizon, Kamenka village, Elets region. D. CNIGR 10/13076 Zadonsk Horizon, Zadonsk region.

Fig. 8 in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 8. Early Frasnian (Pa.transitansZone)Ripidiorhynchus from Main Devonian Field, northwestwern Russia. A–D. Ripidiorhynchusaldogus (Nalivkin, 1941), CNIGR 40/6993, ventral, dorsal, anterior, and lateral views. Pskov beds, Sjas River, Konopljankina village. E–P. Ripidiorhynchuslivonicus (Buch, 1834). E–H. CNIGR 45/6993, ventral, dorsal, anterior, and lateral views. Chudovo beds, Velikaya River, Vybuty rapids. I–L. CNIGR 47/6993, ventral, dorsal, anterior, and lateral views. Chudovo beds, Kerest River, Luki village. M–P. CNIGR 37/6993, in ventral, dorsal, anterior, and lateral views. Pskov beds, Velikaya River. All × 1.5

Fig. 1 in Frasnian-Famennian extinction and recovery of rhynchonellid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 1. Diversity dynamics of the Late Devonian rhynchonellids in the East European Platform (EEP). Three radiation levels of the Late Devonian rhynchonellids are marked as dotted areas. Devonian sea−level curve (after Johnson et al. 1985) and curve of relative Devonian sea−level changes in Moscow Syneclise (after Alekseev et al. 1996). The Standard Conodont Zonation by Klapper and Ziegler 1979, Ziegler and Sandberg 1990 and Conodont Zonation for Devonian of the East European Platform (EEP) proposed by Aristov 1988.