Find research datasets worth reusing

Text-fig. 8. a–e: Quercus aff. cerris. a: Cup, Oriolo MSF 984. b: Cup, Oriolo MSF 982. c: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 689. d: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 659. e: Oriolo MSF 657. f: Quercus aff. pubescens Oriolo MSF 688. g: Quercus sect. Quercus acorn, Oriolo MSF 658. h–j: Quercus iberica. h: Oriolo MSF 694. i: Oriolo MSF 639. j: Oriolo MSF 698. Scale bars 10 mm (a, b, g), 50 mm (c–f, h–j). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome

Text-fig. 8. a–e: Quercus aff. cerris. a: Cup, Oriolo MSF 984. b: Cup, Oriolo MSF 982. c: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 689. d: Leaf, Oriolo MSF 659. e: Oriolo MSF 657. f: Quercus aff. pubescens Oriolo MSF 688. g: Quercus sect. Quercus acorn, Oriolo MSF 658. h–j: Quercus iberica. h: Oriolo MSF 694. i: Oriolo MSF 639. j: Oriolo MSF 698. Scale bars 10 mm (a, b, g), 50 mm (c–f, h–j).

Text-fig. 15. a–c: Tilia sp. a: Oriolo MSF 679. b: Oriolo MSF n.n., fruiting bract. c: Oriolo MSF 908. d: Fraxinus aff. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa Oriolo MSF 782. e–i: Hedera aff. helix. Polymorphic leaves. e: Oriolo MSF 628. f: Oriolo MSF 650. g: Oriolo MSF 797. h: Oriolo MSF 799. i: Oriolo MSF 796. Scale bars 50 mm (a, c–e), 10 mm (b, f–i). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome

Text-fig. 15. a–c: Tilia sp. a: Oriolo MSF 679. b: Oriolo MSF n.n., fruiting bract. c: Oriolo MSF 908. d: Fraxinus aff. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa Oriolo MSF 782. e–i: Hedera aff. helix. Polymorphic leaves. e: Oriolo MSF 628. f: Oriolo MSF 650. g: Oriolo MSF 797. h: Oriolo MSF 799. i: Oriolo MSF 796. Scale bars 50 mm (a, c–e), 10 mm (b, f–i).

Text-fig. 11. a, b: Coriaria aff. myrtifolia. a: Oriolo MSF 647. b: Oriolo MSF 704. c, d: Populus aff. alba. c: Oriolo MSF 745. d: Oriolo MSF 725. e: Populus aff. tremula Oriolo MSF 749. f–h: Populus aff. nigra. f: Oriolo MSF 737. g: Oriolo MSF 742. h: Oriolo MSF 738. Scale bars 10 mm (a–d), 50 mm (e–h). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome

Text-fig. 11. a, b: Coriaria aff. myrtifolia. a: Oriolo MSF 647. b: Oriolo MSF 704. c, d: Populus aff. alba. c: Oriolo MSF 745. d: Oriolo MSF 725. e: Populus aff. tremula Oriolo MSF 749. f–h: Populus aff. nigra. f: Oriolo MSF 737. g: Oriolo MSF 742. h: Oriolo MSF 738. Scale bars 10 mm (a–d), 50 mm (e–h).

Text-fig. 14. a, b: Acer aff. campestre. a: Oriolo MSF 664. b: Oriolo MSF 666. c, d: Acer aff. monspessulanum. c: Oriolo MSF 641. d: Oriolo MSF 662. e: Acer aff. opulus subsp. obtusatum Oriolo MSF 669. f, g: Acer aff. cappadocicum subsp. lobelii. f: Oriolo MSF 675. g: Oriolo MSF 631. h, i: Cornus sp. Oriolo MSF 655, two views of a strongly folded leaf impression. Scale bars 50 mm (a, e–g), 10 mm (b–d, h, i). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome

Text-fig. 14. a, b: Acer aff. campestre. a: Oriolo MSF 664. b: Oriolo MSF 666. c, d: Acer aff. monspessulanum. c: Oriolo MSF 641. d: Oriolo MSF 662. e: Acer aff. opulus subsp. obtusatum Oriolo MSF 669. f, g: Acer aff. cappadocicum subsp. lobelii. f: Oriolo MSF 675. g: Oriolo MSF 631. h, i: Cornus sp. Oriolo MSF 655, two views of a strongly folded leaf impression. Scale bars 50 mm (a, e–g), 10 mm (b–d, h, i).

Text-fig. A2. a: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885). b: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885). c: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885 detail of (a)). d, e: Ulmus elliptica K.KOCH, 1849 (herbarium E00034393). f, g: Ulmus lancifolia ROXB., 1814, nom. inval. (herbarium NMNH03413489). h: Ulmus lancifolia ROXB., 1814, nom. inval. (herbarium NMNH03413488). Asterisks indicate different types of asymmetric leaf base. Scale bars 50 mm (a, d, e, f), 10 mm (b, c, g, h). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome

Text-fig. A2. a: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885). b: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885). c: Ulmus carpinifolia GLED., 1773 syn. of Ulmus minor MILL., 1768, (herbarium E00824885 detail of (a)). d, e: Ulmus elliptica K.KOCH, 1849 (herbarium E00034393). f, g: Ulmus lancifolia ROXB., 1814, nom. inval. (herbarium NMNH03413489). h: Ulmus lancifolia ROXB., 1814, nom. inval. (herbarium NMNH03413488). Asterisks indicate different types of asymmetric leaf base. Scale bars 50 mm (a, d, e, f), 10 mm (b, c, g, h).

Text-fig. A3. a: Leaf morphotype 1 Tebano MSF SG 049. b: Leaf morphotype 2 Oriolo MSF 631. c: Leaf morphotype 3 Oriolo MSF n.n. d, f: Leaf morphotype 4. d: Oriolo MSF 891. e: Oriolo MSF 856. f: Oriolo MSF 858. g: Leaf morphotype 5 Oriolo MSF 783. h: Leaf morphotype 6 Oriolo MSF 952. i: Leaf morphotype 7 Oriolo MSF 862. j, l: Leaf morphotype 8. j: Oriolo MSF 912. k: Oriolo MSF 662. l: Oriolo MSF 662-1. m: Leaf morphotype 9 Oriolo MSF 715. n: Leaf morphotype 10 Oriolo MSF 716. o: Leaf morphotype 11, overview and detail of margin Oriolo MSF 880. p–z: Various rosaceous leaves/ leaflets. p: Oriolo MSF 943. q: Oriolo MSF 890. r: Oriolo MSF 950. s: Oriolo MSF 958. t: Oriolo MSF 966 aff. Sorbus. u: Oriolo MSF 956. v: Oriolo MSF 961. w: Oriolo MSF 962. x: Oriolo MSF 874. y: Oriolo MSF 883. z: Oriolo MSF 960. in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome

Text-fig. A3. a: Leaf morphotype 1 Tebano MSF SG 049. b: Leaf morphotype 2 Oriolo MSF 631. c: Leaf morphotype 3 Oriolo MSF n.n. d, f: Leaf morphotype 4. d: Oriolo MSF 891. e: Oriolo MSF 856. f: Oriolo MSF 858. g: Leaf morphotype 5 Oriolo MSF 783. h: Leaf morphotype 6 Oriolo MSF 952. i: Leaf morphotype 7 Oriolo MSF 862. j, l: Leaf morphotype 8. j: Oriolo MSF 912. k: Oriolo MSF 662. l: Oriolo MSF 662-1. m: Leaf morphotype 9 Oriolo MSF 715. n: Leaf morphotype 10 Oriolo MSF 716. o: Leaf morphotype 11, overview and detail of margin Oriolo MSF 880. p–z: Various rosaceous leaves/ leaflets. p: Oriolo MSF 943. q: Oriolo MSF 890. r: Oriolo MSF 950. s: Oriolo MSF 958. t: Oriolo MSF 966 aff. Sorbus. u: Oriolo MSF 956. v: Oriolo MSF 961. w: Oriolo MSF 962. x: Oriolo MSF 874. y: Oriolo MSF 883. z: Oriolo MSF 960.

Text-fig. 4: Pterigophycos sp., details of specimen in Text-fig. 3a. a: Blades B5–7; b: Close-up of (a), focusing on attachment of small blades B5–7 to holdfast structure; c: Detail of holdfast with several linear elements extending from proximal portion; d: Detail of blade B2, showing midrib and spathulate lamina segments; e: Detail of blade B1, showing lowermost, smallest lamina segments; f: tiny bivalve shell on stipe of blade B1, scale bar = 5 mm; g: Detail of blade B2, showing proximal beginning of lamina segmentation. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated. in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)

Text-fig. 4: Pterigophycos sp., details of specimen in Text-fig. 3a. a: Blades B5–7; b: Close-up of (a), focusing on attachment of small blades B5–7 to holdfast structure; c: Detail of holdfast with several linear elements extending from proximal portion; d: Detail of blade B2, showing midrib and spathulate lamina segments; e: Detail of blade B1, showing lowermost, smallest lamina segments; f: tiny bivalve shell on stipe of blade B1, scale bar = 5 mm; g: Detail of blade B2, showing proximal beginning of lamina segmentation. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated.

Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT

Text-fig. 14. Bolshoy Kuvshin, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian. a, e: Asiatifolium elegans G.SUN, SHUANG X.GUO et SHAO L.ZHENG, a – spec. IBSS 320-8, e – spec. IBSS 320-75; b, c: Jixia pinnatipartita SHUANG X.GUO et G.SUN, b – spec. IBSS 320-359, c – spec. IBSS 320-367; d: Achaenocarpites capitellatus KRASSILOV et VOLYNETS, spec. IBSS 320-120; f: Ternaricarpites floribundus KRASSILOV et VOLYNETS, spec. IBSS 320-10; g: undescribed species, spec. IBSS 320-137. Scale bar 1 cm in a, e–g and 5 mm in b–d. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 14. Bolshoy Kuvshin, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian. a, e: Asiatifolium elegans G.SUN, SHUANG X.GUO et SHAO L.ZHENG, a – spec. IBSS 320-8, e – spec. IBSS 320-75; b, c: Jixia pinnatipartita SHUANG X.GUO et G.SUN, b – spec. IBSS 320-359, c – spec. IBSS 320-367; d: Achaenocarpites capitellatus KRASSILOV et VOLYNETS, spec. IBSS 320-120; f: Ternaricarpites floribundus KRASSILOV et VOLYNETS, spec. IBSS 320-10; g: undescribed species, spec. IBSS 320-137. Scale bar 1 cm in a, e–g and 5 mm in b–d.

Text-fig. 7. Cornacaeae (a–j), Icacinaceae (k–o). a–e: Mastixia. USNM PAL 772364. Scale bar = 1 cm. a: Lateral view of eroded endocarp – the opposite side being missing and the endocarp broken near its mid point, reflected light, palladium coated. b–e: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b: Rotated 90° from the view in (a). c: Rotated 90° from the view in (b). d: Rotated 90° from (c), exhibiting the damaged "back" face of the endocarp. e: Axillary view of the endocarp; the opposite end missing as apparent in (d). f–j: Cf. Nyssa. DMNH EPI.47808. Scale bar = 1 cm. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. f: Intact face of the endocarp; note ridges and "apical" point. g: Eroded (?gnawed; note horizontal grooving) opposite face of the endocarp. h: Lateral view of the endocarp, eroded/gnawed face to left. i: Apical view, eroded/gnawn portion below. j: Basal view of endocarp. k–o: Iodes DMNH-EPI.47807. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. Scale bar = 1 cm. k: Face view of endocarp. l: Opposite face of endocarp. m: Lateral view demonstrating the compressed nature of the endocarp, note thickened suture marking the probable track of the primary bundle. n: Apical view, primary bundle trace to right. o: Basal view, primary bundle trace to right. in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 7. Cornacaeae (a–j), Icacinaceae (k–o). a–e: Mastixia. USNM PAL 772364. Scale bar = 1 cm. a: Lateral view of eroded endocarp – the opposite side being missing and the endocarp broken near its mid point, reflected light, palladium coated. b–e: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b: Rotated 90° from the view in (a). c: Rotated 90° from the view in (b). d: Rotated 90° from (c), exhibiting the damaged "back" face of the endocarp. e: Axillary view of the endocarp; the opposite end missing as apparent in (d). f–j: Cf. Nyssa. DMNH EPI.47808. Scale bar = 1 cm. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. f: Intact face of the endocarp; note ridges and "apical" point. g: Eroded (?gnawed; note horizontal grooving) opposite face of the endocarp. h: Lateral view of the endocarp, eroded/gnawed face to left. i: Apical view, eroded/gnawn portion below. j: Basal view of endocarp. k–o: Iodes DMNH-EPI.47807. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. Scale bar = 1 cm. k: Face view of endocarp. l: Opposite face of endocarp. m: Lateral view demonstrating the compressed nature of the endocarp, note thickened suture marking the probable track of the primary bundle. n: Apical view, primary bundle trace to right. o: Basal view, primary bundle trace to right.

Text-fig. 11. a: Sapindopsis sp., 3rd Kamenka, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 40-1; b, c: Trochodendroides sp., Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/145, b – upper part of leaf, c – crenate margin; d: Dicotylophyllum sp. 2, Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/133; e: Sapindopsis cf. angusta (HEER) SEWARD et V.M.CONWAY, Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 28/104; f: Sapindopsis variabilis FONTAINE, Bikin River, Alchan Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 4561/124-1; g: Laurophyllum sp., Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/131. Scale bar 1 cm in a, b, d, f, g and 5 mm in c, e. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 11. a: Sapindopsis sp., 3rd Kamenka, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 40-1; b, c: Trochodendroides sp., Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/145, b – upper part of leaf, c – crenate margin; d: Dicotylophyllum sp. 2, Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/133; e: Sapindopsis cf. angusta (HEER) SEWARD et V.M.CONWAY, Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 28/104; f: Sapindopsis variabilis FONTAINE, Bikin River, Alchan Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 4561/124-1; g: Laurophyllum sp., Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/131. Scale bar 1 cm in a, b, d, f, g and 5 mm in c, e.

Text-fig. 2. Salicaceae (a–g), Cannabaceae (h–n), cf. Betulaceae (o–r). a–g: Saxifragispermum, USNM PAL 772341. Scale bar = 5 mm except as indicated. a–b: Lateral, c: apical, and d: basal views of fruit, reflected light, palladium coated; apex at top of (a, b). e: Equatorial transverse section reflected light; arrows indicate presumed seeds, scale bar = 2 mm. f: Detail of locule contents extracted from (e), transmitted light, scale bar = 200 Μm. g: Interwoven trichomes or fibers from locule, transmitted light, scale bar = 5 Μm. h–j: Celtis. h, i: USNM PAL 772342, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. h: Lateral view parallel with plane of dehiscence. i: Lateral view perpendicular to plane of dehiscence. j: DMNH EPI.47809, Celtis in lateral view; showing reticulate sculpture and the vertically-oriented, plane of dehiscence (arrow), scale bar = 5 mm. k–m: Aphananthe. USNM PAL 772344, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. k: Apical view, note triangular cross section and apical plug (arrow). l: Lateral view, apex up. m: Lateral view at 90° to (l). n: Detail of cellular pattern at surface of endocarp, scale bar = 0.5 mm. o–r: in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 2. Salicaceae (a–g), Cannabaceae (h–n), cf. Betulaceae (o–r). a–g: Saxifragispermum, USNM PAL 772341. Scale bar = 5 mm except as indicated. a–b: Lateral, c: apical, and d: basal views of fruit, reflected light, palladium coated; apex at top of (a, b). e: Equatorial transverse section reflected light; arrows indicate presumed seeds, scale bar = 2 mm. f: Detail of locule contents extracted from (e), transmitted light, scale bar = 200 Μm. g: Interwoven trichomes or fibers from locule, transmitted light, scale bar = 5 Μm. h–j: Celtis. h, i: USNM PAL 772342, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. h: Lateral view parallel with plane of dehiscence. i: Lateral view perpendicular to plane of dehiscence. j: DMNH EPI.47809, Celtis in lateral view; showing reticulate sculpture and the vertically-oriented, plane of dehiscence (arrow), scale bar = 5 mm. k–m: Aphananthe. USNM PAL 772344, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. k: Apical view, note triangular cross section and apical plug (arrow). l: Lateral view, apex up. m: Lateral view at 90° to (l). n: Detail of cellular pattern at surface of endocarp, scale bar = 0.5 mm. o–r:

Text-fig. 10. Carpolithes (a–j). a–d: Carpolithes sp. 10. USNM PAL 772375. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Lateral view of one face of structure; note adherent mineral material. Longitudinal groove is to right. b: Lateral view of one edge of the structure. c: Opposite view from (b), note groove in upper half of the specimen, facing viewer. d: Apical view. e–j: Carpolithes sp. 11. USNM PAL 772376. Scale bar = 5 mm, micro-CT scan surface views. e: Structure in face view showing central protuberance. f: Same, lateral view. g: Opposite face from (e). h: Opposite face from (f). i: View from one end. j: View from opposite end from (i). in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 10. Carpolithes (a–j). a–d: Carpolithes sp. 10. USNM PAL 772375. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Lateral view of one face of structure; note adherent mineral material. Longitudinal groove is to right. b: Lateral view of one edge of the structure. c: Opposite view from (b), note groove in upper half of the specimen, facing viewer. d: Apical view. e–j: Carpolithes sp. 11. USNM PAL 772376. Scale bar = 5 mm, micro-CT scan surface views. e: Structure in face view showing central protuberance. f: Same, lateral view. g: Opposite face from (e). h: Opposite face from (f). i: View from one end. j: View from opposite end from (i).

Text-fig. 17. Angiosperm leaf morphotypes in late Aptian and early-middle Albian of Primorye. a, k: Dicotylophyllum sp. 1, 2; b: Araliaephyllum vittenburgii GOLOVN. et VOLYNETS; c: Araliaephyllum ussuriense (KRASSILOV) GOLOVN.; d: Trochodendroides sp., e: undescribed species, spec. IBSS 320-137; f: Asiatifolium elegans G.SUN, SHUANG X.GUO et SHAO L.ZHENG; g: Sapindopsis cf. angusta (HEER) SEWARD et V.M.CONWAY; h: Sapindopsis sp.; i: Achaenocarpites capitellatus KRASSILOV et VOLYNETS; j: Jixia pinnatipartita SHUANG X.GUO et G.SUN; l: Pandanites ahnertii (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN.; m: Araliaephyllum luciferum (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 17. Angiosperm leaf morphotypes in late Aptian and early-middle Albian of Primorye. a, k: Dicotylophyllum sp. 1, 2; b: Araliaephyllum vittenburgii GOLOVN. et VOLYNETS; c: Araliaephyllum ussuriense (KRASSILOV) GOLOVN.; d: Trochodendroides sp., e: undescribed species, spec. IBSS 320-137; f: Asiatifolium elegans G.SUN, SHUANG X.GUO et SHAO L.ZHENG; g: Sapindopsis cf. angusta (HEER) SEWARD et V.M.CONWAY; h: Sapindopsis sp.; i: Achaenocarpites capitellatus KRASSILOV et VOLYNETS; j: Jixia pinnatipartita SHUANG X.GUO et G.SUN; l: Pandanites ahnertii (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN.; m: Araliaephyllum luciferum (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN.

Text-fig. 6. Cornaceae. Alangium (a–e), Mastixia (f–r). a–e: Alangium, DMNH EPI.47806. Scale bar = 1 cm. b, e: Reflected light, palladium coated. a, c, d: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a: Locule cast, face view of slightly larger locule. b: Face view of slightly smaller locule. c: Lateral view of the endocarp, the slightly enlarged left carpel separated from the smaller carpel by a longitudinal septal groove; the faint pitting in the groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. d, e: Views of either end of the endocarp, illustrating the size difference between the two carpels and the pitting in the septal groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. f–k: Mastixia USNM PAL 772362. Scale bar = 1 cm. f, g, j, k: reflected light, palladium coated; h, i: micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred dorsal germination valve groove facing the viewer. Note irregular, rugose, longitudinal ridges. g: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred germination valve with median longitudinal groove to left. h: Lateral view of endocarp reoriented with the same longitudinal groove to the right. i: Lateral view, rotated to ventral surface. j: View of one end of the endocarp, germination valve groove up. k: Opposite end view, with prominent radial ridges and intervening grooves, germination valve groove up. l–r: Mastixia USNM PAL 772363. Scale bar = 1 cm. l: View of one face of endocarp, displaying a groove that may represent the surficial expression of the dorsal infold of a Mastixia-like germination valve. Surface badly eroded, reflected light, palladium coated. m: Opposite face of endocarp displaying extensive erosion and a central hole interpreted as feeding damage. n: Lateral view; m, n micro-CT scan surface renderings. o: A view of one end, displaying the prominent groove, reflected light, palladium coated. p: Opposite end to (o). q: View as in (o); p, q micro-CT scan surface renderings. r: Virtual transverse section showing curved locule (arrows). in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 6. Cornaceae. Alangium (a–e), Mastixia (f–r). a–e: Alangium, DMNH EPI.47806. Scale bar = 1 cm. b, e: Reflected light, palladium coated. a, c, d: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a: Locule cast, face view of slightly larger locule. b: Face view of slightly smaller locule. c: Lateral view of the endocarp, the slightly enlarged left carpel separated from the smaller carpel by a longitudinal septal groove; the faint pitting in the groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. d, e: Views of either end of the endocarp, illustrating the size difference between the two carpels and the pitting in the septal groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. f–k: Mastixia USNM PAL 772362. Scale bar = 1 cm. f, g, j, k: reflected light, palladium coated; h, i: micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred dorsal germination valve groove facing the viewer. Note irregular, rugose, longitudinal ridges. g: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred germination valve with median longitudinal groove to left. h: Lateral view of endocarp reoriented with the same longitudinal groove to the right. i: Lateral view, rotated to ventral surface. j: View of one end of the endocarp, germination valve groove up. k: Opposite end view, with prominent radial ridges and intervening grooves, germination valve groove up. l–r: Mastixia USNM PAL 772363. Scale bar = 1 cm. l: View of one face of endocarp, displaying a groove that may represent the surficial expression of the dorsal infold of a Mastixia-like germination valve. Surface badly eroded, reflected light, palladium coated. m: Opposite face of endocarp displaying extensive erosion and a central hole interpreted as feeding damage. n: Lateral view; m, n micro-CT scan surface renderings. o: A view of one end, displaying the prominent groove, reflected light, palladium coated. p: Opposite end to (o). q: View as in (o); p, q micro-CT scan surface renderings. r: Virtual transverse section showing curved locule (arrows).

Text-fig. 8. Carpolithes (a–t). a–e: Carpolithes sp. 1. USNM PAL 772366. Scale bar = 1 cm. a: Lateral view of endocarp, note two longitudinal ridges. b: Lateral view of endocarp rotated 90° from (a), note single lateral ridge in center, a, b reflected light, palladium coated. c: Lateral view, Micro-CT scan surface rendering. d: View of rounded end of the endocarp, reflected light, palladium coated. e: View of the opposite (pointed) end of the endocarp, note split; reflected light, palladium coated. f–j: Carpolithes sp. 2. USNM PAL 772367. Scale bar = 5 mm. f: Lateral view, base down; note raphe-like structure (arrow), reflected light, palladium coated. g: Lateral view, the raphe-like structure extending vertically from the base. h: Lateral view, rotated 90° from (g). i: Lateral view, the opposite face to that in (h). j: Basal view, raphe-like structure running from the center to the right of the image. g–j: CT scan surface renderings. k–o: Carpolithes sp. 3 USNM PAL 772368. Scale bar = 5 mm. k: Ventral view of the specimen, note flared apical extension, reflected light, uncoated. l: Dorsal view illustrating the flared apical extension, rotated 180o from (k). m: Lateral view rotated 90° from that in (l). n: Apical view, the apical extension with central pore (arrow) and a clear lineation running down the side to the top of the image. o: Basal view. l–o: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. p–t: Carpolithes sp. 4. USNM PAL 772369. Scale bar = 3 mm. p: Basal view illustrating the concentric rings of radiating possible cells surrounding a central depression. q: Lateral view, base down, note possible cellular pattern. r: Lateral view, rotated 180° from (q), base down; p–r: reflected light, palladium coated. s, t: Basal and lateral views, micro-CT scan surface renderings. in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 8. Carpolithes (a–t). a–e: Carpolithes sp. 1. USNM PAL 772366. Scale bar = 1 cm. a: Lateral view of endocarp, note two longitudinal ridges. b: Lateral view of endocarp rotated 90° from (a), note single lateral ridge in center, a, b reflected light, palladium coated. c: Lateral view, Micro-CT scan surface rendering. d: View of rounded end of the endocarp, reflected light, palladium coated. e: View of the opposite (pointed) end of the endocarp, note split; reflected light, palladium coated. f–j: Carpolithes sp. 2. USNM PAL 772367. Scale bar = 5 mm. f: Lateral view, base down; note raphe-like structure (arrow), reflected light, palladium coated. g: Lateral view, the raphe-like structure extending vertically from the base. h: Lateral view, rotated 90° from (g). i: Lateral view, the opposite face to that in (h). j: Basal view, raphe-like structure running from the center to the right of the image. g–j: CT scan surface renderings. k–o: Carpolithes sp. 3 USNM PAL 772368. Scale bar = 5 mm. k: Ventral view of the specimen, note flared apical extension, reflected light, uncoated. l: Dorsal view illustrating the flared apical extension, rotated 180o from (k). m: Lateral view rotated 90° from that in (l). n: Apical view, the apical extension with central pore (arrow) and a clear lineation running down the side to the top of the image. o: Basal view. l–o: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. p–t: Carpolithes sp. 4. USNM PAL 772369. Scale bar = 3 mm. p: Basal view illustrating the concentric rings of radiating possible cells surrounding a central depression. q: Lateral view, base down, note possible cellular pattern. r: Lateral view, rotated 180° from (q), base down; p–r: reflected light, palladium coated. s, t: Basal and lateral views, micro-CT scan surface renderings.

Text-fig. 9. Carpolithes (a–r). a–d: Carpolithes sp. 5. USNM PAL 772370. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe descending from apex toward viewer. b: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe on right. c: Lateral view, opposite side, apex up, possible raphe on left. d: Apical view, note central pit with raphe descending towards bottom margin. e–h: Carpolithes sp. 6. USNM PAL 772371. Scale bar = 5 mm. e: Basal view illustrating depression and keel in plane of bisymmetry, reflected light, palladium coated. f–h: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view showing relatively smooth rounded surface. g: Specimen rotated 180° from (f), surface partially eroded. h: Longitudinal view, showing median keel. i–m: Carpolithes sp. 7 USNM PAL 772372. Scale bar = 5 mm. i: View of intact face of globose fruit, possible apical constriction at top. j: Lateral view, intact surface to right, possible apical constriction at top, both micro-CT scan surface renderings. k: Apical view. l: Face view illustrating the mineral filling and the fine, radiating structure of the fruit wall on the left and right margins, both reflected light, palladium coated. m: Closeup of the cellular layer on the left of (l), micro-CT scan surface rendering. n–p: Carpolithes sp. 8. USNM PAL 772373. Scale bar = 3 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. n: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, one ridge running vertically in the center of view, the other two forming the left and right margins. o: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, ridge in (n) on the left. p: End-on view illustrating one convex, one concave, and one relatively flat to very slightly concave face. q, r: Carpolithes sp. 9 USNM PAL 772374. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. q: Exterior of the smooth broken half-sphere. r: Interior of the broken half-sphere. in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 9. Carpolithes (a–r). a–d: Carpolithes sp. 5. USNM PAL 772370. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe descending from apex toward viewer. b: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe on right. c: Lateral view, opposite side, apex up, possible raphe on left. d: Apical view, note central pit with raphe descending towards bottom margin. e–h: Carpolithes sp. 6. USNM PAL 772371. Scale bar = 5 mm. e: Basal view illustrating depression and keel in plane of bisymmetry, reflected light, palladium coated. f–h: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view showing relatively smooth rounded surface. g: Specimen rotated 180° from (f), surface partially eroded. h: Longitudinal view, showing median keel. i–m: Carpolithes sp. 7 USNM PAL 772372. Scale bar = 5 mm. i: View of intact face of globose fruit, possible apical constriction at top. j: Lateral view, intact surface to right, possible apical constriction at top, both micro-CT scan surface renderings. k: Apical view. l: Face view illustrating the mineral filling and the fine, radiating structure of the fruit wall on the left and right margins, both reflected light, palladium coated. m: Closeup of the cellular layer on the left of (l), micro-CT scan surface rendering. n–p: Carpolithes sp. 8. USNM PAL 772373. Scale bar = 3 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. n: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, one ridge running vertically in the center of view, the other two forming the left and right margins. o: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, ridge in (n) on the left. p: End-on view illustrating one convex, one concave, and one relatively flat to very slightly concave face. q, r: Carpolithes sp. 9 USNM PAL 772374. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. q: Exterior of the smooth broken half-sphere. r: Interior of the broken half-sphere.

Text-fig. 4. Juglandaceae Carya (a–w). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–d: USNM PAL 772352, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Obliquelateral view of nut, apex up. b: Basal view with damage to left and clear depiction of meridional grooves. c, d: Two lateral views oriented about 130° from each other and avoiding the area of damage; the meridional grooves clear in (c). e–l: USNM PAL 772350. e: Intact nut, lateral view, apex up, reflected light. f: One half of split nut revealing in situ chalcedony locule cast, reflected light. g–k: Virtual sections from micro-CT data. g: Longitudinal section parallel to the exposed face in (f). h: Longitudinal section at 90° from (g). i: Transverse section in apical 1/3 showing locule bracketed by C-shaped lacunae (arrows). j: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of the locule separated by primary septum, lacuna evident below as white line. k: Transverse section near base in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 4. Juglandaceae Carya (a–w). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–d: USNM PAL 772352, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Obliquelateral view of nut, apex up. b: Basal view with damage to left and clear depiction of meridional grooves. c, d: Two lateral views oriented about 130° from each other and avoiding the area of damage; the meridional grooves clear in (c). e–l: USNM PAL 772350. e: Intact nut, lateral view, apex up, reflected light. f: One half of split nut revealing in situ chalcedony locule cast, reflected light. g–k: Virtual sections from micro-CT data. g: Longitudinal section parallel to the exposed face in (f). h: Longitudinal section at 90° from (g). i: Transverse section in apical 1/3 showing locule bracketed by C-shaped lacunae (arrows). j: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of the locule separated by primary septum, lacuna evident below as white line. k: Transverse section near base

Text-fig. 10. a–d: Araliaephyllum luciferum (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN., Partizansk, Severosuchan Formation, Aptian, a – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/1, lectotype, b – spec TSNIGRM 3013/2, c – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/4, d – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/3; e, j: Pandanites ahnertii (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN., Konstantinovka, Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian, TSNIGRM 3013/5, e – fragment of leaf margin, j – general view, j1 – lectotype, j2 – leaf, figured in (e); f: Araliaephyllum ussuriense (KRASSILOV) GOLOVN., Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 28/103; g: Araliaephyllum vittenburgii GOLOVN. et VOLYNETS, Podgorodenka coalfield, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 41/1, g1 – spec. IBBS 41/1a, holotype, g2 – spec. IBBS 41/1b; h: Dicotylophyllum sp. 1, Podgorodenka coalfield, Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian, spec. IBBS 28L-4; i: Sapindopsis sp., 3rd Kamenka, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 325/8. Scale bar 5 mm in a–h and 1 cm in i, j. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 10. a–d: Araliaephyllum luciferum (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN., Partizansk, Severosuchan Formation, Aptian, a – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/1, lectotype, b – spec TSNIGRM 3013/2, c – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/4, d – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/3; e, j: Pandanites ahnertii (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN., Konstantinovka, Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian, TSNIGRM 3013/5, e – fragment of leaf margin, j – general view, j1 – lectotype, j2 – leaf, figured in (e); f: Araliaephyllum ussuriense (KRASSILOV) GOLOVN., Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 28/103; g: Araliaephyllum vittenburgii GOLOVN. et VOLYNETS, Podgorodenka coalfield, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 41/1, g1 – spec. IBBS 41/1a, holotype, g2 – spec. IBBS 41/1b; h: Dicotylophyllum sp. 1, Podgorodenka coalfield, Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian, spec. IBBS 28L-4; i: Sapindopsis sp., 3rd Kamenka, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 325/8. Scale bar 5 mm in a–h and 1 cm in i, j.