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Figure 6 in The neotropical species of Mesocyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida): an upgraded identification key and comments on selected taxa

Figure 6. (A) Mesocyclops reidae, male (ECOCH-Z-01255), antennal basis, frontal; (B) M. longisetus s.str. female (ECOCH-Z-01236), antennal basis, frontal; (C) M. edax, female, abdomen (modified from Dahms and Fernando 1995, copyright waiver); (D) M. reidae, male (ECOCH-Z-01255), abdomen, ventral; (E) M. reidae, female, fifth pediger and genital somite (modified from Reid 1993, copyright waiver); (F) M. chaci, female, fifth pediger and genital somite (modified from Fiers et al. 1996, copyright waiver); (G) M. chaci, female, fifth leg (modified from Fiers et al. 1996, copyright waiver); (H) M. yutsil, female, fifth leg (modified from Fiers et al. 1996, copyright waiver).

Figure 2 in The neotropical species of Mesocyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida): an upgraded identification key and comments on selected taxa

Figure 2. (A) Abdomen ventral (female from Taxisco, Guatemala, MNHN Cp 697, labelled as Mesocyclops varius); (B) Mesocyclops brasilianus, female from Itacoatiara, Brazil (INPA-1396), abdomen, ventral; (C) abdomen, ventral (female from Mare à Camaguan and Caracas, Venezuela, MNHN-Cp1882, labelled as Mesocyclops venezolanus); (D) caudal rami, ventral (MNHN Cp 697); (E) M. brasilianus (INPA-1396), anal somite, and caudal rami, ventral; (F) anal somite and caudal rami, view (MNHN-Cp1880).

Figure 1 in The neotropical species of Mesocyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida): an upgraded identification key and comments on selected taxa

Figure 1. (A) First leg, coxa, basis, and first endopodal segment, frontal (female from Taxisco, Guatemala, MNHN Cp 697, labelled as Mesocyclops varius); (B) Mesocyclops brasilianus, female from Itacoatiara, Brazil (INPA- 1396), first leg, coxa, basis, and first endopodal segment, caudal; (C) first leg, coxa, basis, and first endopodal segment, caudal (female from Mare à Camaguan and Caracas, Venezuela, MNHN-Cp1882, labelled as Mesocyclops venezolanus); (D) fourth leg, coxa, and basis, frontal (MNHN Cp 697); (E) M. brasilianus (INPA- 1396), fourth leg, coxa, and basis, caudal; (F) fourth leg, coxa, and basis, caudal (MNHN-Cp1882); (G) fifth pediger and genital somite, ventral (MNHN Cp 697); (H) M. brasilianus (INPA-1396), fifth pediger and genital somite, ventral; (I) fifth pediger and genital somite, ventral (MNHN-Cp1882).

Figure 3 in The neotropical species of Mesocyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida): an upgraded identification key and comments on selected taxa

Figure 3. Frequencies of the length ratio of dorsal/lateral caudal setae in the populations of Mesocyclops brasilianus populations examined. Lines refer to the ratio range of each population.

Figure 5 in The neotropical species of Mesocyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida): an upgraded identification key and comments on selected taxa

Figure 5. (A) Mesocyclops ogunnus, female, maxillular palp (from van de Velde 1984); (B) M. thermocyclopoides, female (ECOCH-Z-01214), maxillular palp; (C) caudal rami, ventral; (D) antennal basis, caudal; (E) M. thermocyclopoides, male (ECOCH-Z-01215), antennal basis, caudal; (F) M. aspericornis, female (ECOCH-Z- 01234), caudal rami, ventral; (G) antennal basis, caudal; (H) M. reidae, male (ECOCH-Z-01255), fourth leg, intercoxal sclerite, coxa, and basis, caudal; (I) M. brasilianus, female (ECOCH-Z-01195), fourth leg, intercoxal sclerite, coxa, and basis, caudal.

Figure 8 in The neotropical species of Mesocyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida): an upgraded identification key and comments on selected taxa

Figure 8. (A) Mesocyclops ellipticus, female (ECOCH-Z-01252), fifth pediger, genital somite, ventral; (B) anal somite, dorsal; (C) M. intermedius, female (ZMA Co 102-731), fifth pediger, genital somite, ventral; (D) anal somite, dorsal; (E) anal somite, caudal rami, ventral; (F) M. paranaensis, female (MNHN Cp 1883), anal somite, caudal rami, ventral; (G) M. brasilianus, female (ECOCH-Z-01196), fifth pediger, genital somite, ventral; (H) M. meridianus, female (ECOCH-Z-01202).

Figure 7 in The neotropical species of Mesocyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida): an upgraded identification key and comments on selected taxa

Figure 7. (A) Mesocyclops annulatus, female (MNHN Cp 864), fourth leg, intercoxal sclerite; (B) M. ellipticus, male (ECOCH-Z-01250); (C) M. annulatus, female (MNHN Cp 864), fifth pediger, genital somite, ventral; (D) M. longisetus s.str., female (ECOCH-Z-01236), fifth pediger, genital somite, ventral; (E) 16th antennular segment, inner; (F) M. longisetus curvatus, female (ECOCH-Z-01240), fifth pediger, genital somite, ventral; (G) M. longisetus curvatus, male, 16th antennular segment, inner (from Suárez-Morales et al. 1996, copyright waiver); (H) M. longisetus curvatus, female, fourth leg, third endopodal segment (modified from Reid and Reed 1994, copyright waiver); (I) M. longisetus curvatus, female (ECOCH-Z-01240), caudal rami, ventral; (J) M. longisetus araucanus, female, fourth leg, third endopodal segment (from Löffler 1961); (K) M. longisetus araucanus, female, caudal ramii, ventral (from Löffler 1961).

Fig. 9 in Osoriinae of Cuba with description of new species and an identification key (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Fig. 9. Head, pronotum and elytra, showing shape, punctation and microsculpture. A – Osoriellus lewisi (Blackwelder, 1943); B – O. obtusicollis Irmler, 2014; C – O. schwarzi (Notman, 1925); D – O. haitiellus (Darlington, 1937); E – Antillosorius crenulifrons (Notman, 1925); F – A. darlingtoni (Blackwelder, 1943). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 8 in Osoriinae of Cuba with description of new species and an identification key (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Fig. 8.Head, pronotum and elytra, showing shape, punctation and microsculpture.A – Lispinus striola Erichson, 1840; B – L. insularis Chevrolat & Fauvel, 1863; C – Mimogonus fumator Fauvel, 1889; D – Holotrochus minor Chevrolat & Fauvel, 1863; E – Osoriellus eggersi (Bernhauer, 1904); F – O. exiguus (Notman, 1925). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 7 in Osoriinae of Cuba with description of new species and an identification key (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Fig. 7. Head, pronotum and elytra, showing shape, punctation and microsculpture. A – Clavilispinus exiguus (Erichson, 1840); B – C. megacephalus (Fauvel, 1865); C – C. politus (Sharp, 1887); D – C. minutus (Sharp, 1887); E – Lispinus cubensis Irmler, 1994; F – L. laticollis Erichson, 1840. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D), 0.5 mm (E–F).

Fig. 11 in Osoriinae of Cuba with description of new species and an identification key (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Fig. 11. Head, pronotum and elytra, showing shape, punctation and microsculpture. A – Antillosorius cubensis (Blackwelder, 1943); B – A. oriente (Blackwelder, 1943). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 1–4 in Osoriinae of Cuba with description of new species and an identification key (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Figs 1–4: Morphological details of Cuban Osoriinae. 1 – Allotrochus cubensis sp. nov.; 2 – Nacaeus dejectus (Sharp, 1887); 3 – Thoracophorus cubensis sp. nov.; 4 – Antillosorius martini sp. nov. Body parts: A – aedeagus in lateral/ ventral aspect; B – paramere; C – last abdominal tergite; D – last abdominal sternite; E – antenna; F – protibia in posterior aspect. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

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Figs 5–10. Synchonnus species. 5–6 in A new species of Synchonnus (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from New Guinea, with an identification key to the Papuan species

Figs 5–10. Synchonnus species. 5–6 – basal antennomeres (5 – S. testaceithorax; 6 – S. etheringtoni sp. nov.). 7–8 – male genitalia of S. etheringtoni sp. nov. (7 – ventral view; 8 – lateral view). 9–10 – right elytron, the middle part in detail (9 – S. testaceithorax; 10 – S. etheringtoni sp. nov). Scales = 0.5 mm (Figs 5–10).

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Figs 1–4. Synchonnus species. 1–2 in A new species of Synchonnus (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from New Guinea, with an identification key to the Papuan species

Figs 1–4. Synchonnus species. 1–2 – general appearance (1 – S. testaceithorax Pic, 1923; 2 – S. etheringtoni sp. nov.). 3–4 – detail of pronotum (3 – S. testaceithorax; 4 – S. etheringtoni sp. nov.) Scales = 1 mm (Figs 1–2), 0.5 mm (Figs 3–4).

Fig. 4. Oral papillae sensu lato. A in Interactive identification key to all brittle star families (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) leads to revised morphological descriptions

Fig. 4. Oral papillae sensu lato. A. Ventral side of a schematic brittle star. B. One angle of the oral frame includes a dental plate (DP), two oral plates (= half-jaws) (OP), two adoral shields (AdSh), and one oral shield (OSh), positioned from proximal towards distal. The typical position of teeth, tooth papillae, secondary infradental papillae (2IPa), infradental papillae (IPa), buccal scale, secondary adoral shield spine (2AdShSp), adoral shield spine (AdShSp) on DP, OP and AdSh are illustrated, respectively. The presence / absence, number and shape of each papilla vary among different taxa.

Fig. 6 in Interactive identification key to all brittle star families (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) leads to revised morphological descriptions

Fig. 6. DELTA interactive key workspace. The software window shows: available characters (blue box), used characters (grey), remaining taxa (green) and eliminated taxa (red).

Fig. 2 in Interactive identification key to all brittle star families (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) leads to revised morphological descriptions

Fig. 2. SEM images of various brittle star ossicles. A–E. Disc structures. A. Dorsal disc, radial shield with tubercles (Ophiomusa lymani (Wyville-Thomson, 1873)). B. Dorsal disc (Ophiolimna bairdi (Lyman, 1883)). C. Ventral disc (Ophionereis porrecta Lyman, 1860), the interradius is assumed as a triangle and H gives its height. D. Dorsal disc, triangular radial shield (Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842)). E. Ventral disc, mouth (Ophioderma sp.). – F–H. Atypical arm spines. F. Umbrella-shaped arm spine (Ophiotholia spathifer (Lyman, 1879)). G. Hook-shaped arm spine (Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1842). H. Bristle spines (Ophiernus vallincola Lyman, 1878). – I–L. Lateral arm plates (LAP). I. LAP with constriction (Ophioscolex glacialis Müller & Troschel, 1842). J. Dorsal and ventral part of LAP without constriction (Ophiura ophiura (Linneaus, 1758)). K. Ventral part of LAP projecting ventro-proximalwards (Ophiopallas paradoxa Koehler, 1904). L. Ventral part of LAP not projecting ventro-proximalwards (Ophiosphalma fimbriatum (Koehler, 1922)).

Fig. 5. Typical arm spine shape. A in Interactive identification key to all brittle star families (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) leads to revised morphological descriptions

Fig. 5. Typical arm spine shape. A. Tapering (conical): distally ⅓ as thick as proximal diameter with a round cross-section; Pointed: distally half as thick as proximal diameter with a round cross-section; Cylindrical: same thickness at both ends with flat/round tip. B. Flat: distally half as thick as proximal diameter with oval cross-section. Red dashed lines show the ⅓ distal cross-section. The letters ʻaʼ and ʻbʼ illustrate the diameter of ⅓ distal and basal cross-sections, respectively. ʻa/bʼ shows the approximate ratio of these diameters.

Fig. 3 in Interactive identification key to all brittle star families (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) leads to revised morphological descriptions

Fig. 3. SEM images of various ossicle structures in brittle stars. A. Muscle and nerve opening on LAP separated by small ridge if at all (Amphiura chiajei Forbes, 1843). B. Muscle and nerve opening on LAP separated by large, prominent ridge or regular stereom (Ophiolycus purpureus (Düben & Koren, 1846)). C. Non-keeled vertebra (Amphiura chiajei). D. Keeled vertebra (Ophiothrix fragilis Abildgaard, 1789). E. Vertebra with oral bridge (Euryale aspera Lamarck, 1816). F. Sockets indicate teeth and tooth papillae on dental plate as single row (Amphilepis norvegica (Ljungman, 1865)). G. ½ single row of teeth and ½ tooth papillae (Ophiothrix fragilis). H. ⅔ single row of teeth and ⅓ tooth papillae (Ophiocamax vitrea Lyman, 1878). I. Sockets on dental plate covering evenly (Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1842). J–K. LAP not arched = position lateral. L. LAP arched = wrapped around the arm.