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Figure 5 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Figure 5. Neighbour-joining tree constructed based on maximum likelihood distances from 1503 alignable nucleotide sites (the HKY model and transition/transversion ratio of 3.48). The tree was rooted with Chamaeleo africanus as an outgroup. Bootstrap probabilities are shown for neighbour joining, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses (from left to right). Underlined values mean that the branch was not reconstructed in the best tree topology by the corresponding analyses. Note that two distinct sequence haplotypes are included for Uromastyx acanthinura and U. ocellata. See Material and methods for more details on the analytical conditions. The nucleotide sequences taken from the database are: Chamaeleo africanus (accession No., AF448743), Chlamydosaurus kingii (AF128469), Physignathus lesueurii (AF128463), Acanthosoura capra (AF128498), Salea horsfieldii (AF128490), Trapelus savignii (AF128512), Leiolepis guentherpetersi (AF128461), Leiolepis belliana (U82689), Laudakia caucasia (AF028681) and Laudakia lehmanni (AF028677).

Figure 4 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Figure 4. Secondary structures of the inserted sequences found between tRNAGln and tRNAIle genes. The 128 bp insert for Uromastyx ornata can assume alternative secondary structures either with an extremely stable and long stem region (A) or with a clover-leaf structure for the second tRNAGln gene (or pseudogene) and a stable stem-and-loop structure (B). The 59 bp inserted for U. ocellata may also assume a somewhat less stable stem-and-loop structure (C). Heavy-strand sequences are shown and numbers refer to the corresponding positions in their light-strand sequences shown in Fig. 3A. Bars in stems represent Watson–Crick base pairs and dots stand for wobble G–U pairs for RNA.

Figure 2 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Figure 2. Evolution of mitochondrial gene organization in Uromastyx. A, typical vertebrate organization plesiomorphic to lizards. B, typical organization for acrodont lizards including Leiolepis and likely the direct common ancestor of Leiolepis and Uromastyx. C, typical Uromastyx organization in which the putative origin of light-strand replication (black box) disappeared from the WANCY tRNA gene cluster. D, organization for U. ornata and likely for the direct common ancestor of U. ornata and U. ocellata, which has an insertion containing a stem-and-loop structure (hatched box) and the second tRNAGln gene or pseudogene (Q*). E, organization for U. ocellata in which Q* disappeared. See Figs 3 and 4 for sequences and secondary structures of the inserted region in U. ornata and U. ocellata.

Figure 3 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Figure 3. Nucleotide sequences of the inserted region between the tRNA Gln and tRNAIle genes. A, alignment between the 128 bp insertion in Uromastyx ornata and the 59 bp insertion in U. ocellata (65% identity). B, alignment between the original tRNAGln gene and its second copy within the inserted region for U. ornata (49% identity). Light-strand and heavystrand sequences are shown for A and B, respectively. Dots indicate identity with the first sequence and dashes denote a gap.

Figure 1 in Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Afro-Arabian spiny-tailed lizards (genus Uromastyx; family Agamidae): phylogenetic analyses and evolution of gene arrangements

Figure 1. Position of primers used for amplification and/or sequencing. See Table 1 for the primer sequences; numbers of primers correspond to those in Table 1.

FIGURE 16. Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 16. Austroniscus brandtae n. sp., manca stage 1 (SMF 57955, R7R). Confocal laser scanning microscopy images. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, habitus, ventral view. C, habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 200 µm.

FIGURE 14. Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 14. Austroniscus brandtae n. sp., paratype female (SMF 57930, R4E). Confocal laser scanning microscopy images. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, habitus, ventral view. C, habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C = 200 µm.

FIGURE 12. Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 12. Austroniscus brandtae n. sp.; A–I, paratype female (SMF 57930, R4E). A, habitus, dorsal view, detail: rostrum and pereonite 1 lateral margin. B, habitus, lateral view. C, Antennula. D, Operculum. E, Pleotelson, ventral view. F, Uropod. G, Pleopod III, H, Pleopod IV. I, Pleopod V. Scale bar: A–B, E = 200 µm, C–D, F–I = 100 µm.

FIGURE 13. Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 13. Austroniscus brandtae n. sp.; A–I, paratype female (SMF 57930, R4E). A, habitus, dorsal view. B, habitus, lateral view. C–I, Pereopods I–VII (pereopod V ischium with epibiont ciliates exemplary illustrated on ventral margin). Scale bar: A–B = 200 µm, C–I = 100 µm.

FIGURE 15. Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 15. Austroniscus brandtae n. sp., paratype female (SMF 57930, R4E). Confocal laser scanning microscopy images. A, cephalothorax, dorsal view. B, cephalothorax, ventral view. C, Pleotelson and Operculum, ventral view. D, right uropod, ventral view. E, left uropod, ventral view. Scale bars: A–E = 200 µm.

FIGURE 11. Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 11. Austroniscus brandtae n. sp., holotype male (SMF 57927, R4B). Confocal laser scanning microscopy images: A, cephalothorax, dorsal view. B, cephalothorax and maxilliped, ventral view. C, Pleotelson and pleopod I, ventral view. Scale bars: A–C = 100 µm.

FIGURE 10. Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 10. Austroniscus brandtae n. sp., holotype male (SMF 57927, R4B). Confocal laser scanning microscopy images. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, habitus, ventral view. C, habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: A–C = 200 µm.

FIGURE 9. Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 9. Austroniscus brandtae n. sp.; A–E, paratype male (SMF 57929, R4D). A, habitus, lateral view. B, Pereopod III. C, Pereopod IV. D, Pereopod VI. E, Pereopod VII. Scale bar: A = 500 µm, B–E = 100 µm.

FIGURE 8. Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 8. Austroniscus brandtae n. sp.; A, holotype male (SMF 57927, R4B), B–F, paratype male (SMF 57929, R4D). A, habitus, dorsal view. B, D, Maxilla, detail: medial endite. C, Maxillula. E, left Mandible (different orientations), detail: incisor and lacinia mobilis. F, maxilliped, detail: endite, retinacula and palpal articles 4 and 5. Scale bar: A = 200 µm, B–E = 100 µm, F = 500 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 6. Bathymetric (A) and geographic distribution (B) of described Austroniscus species; 1) A. acutus Birstein, 1970; 2) A. chelus Kaiser & Brandt, 2007; 3) A. brandtae Kaiser, Stransky & Brix n. sp.; 4) A. coronatus Schiecke & Modigh-Tota, 1976; 5) A. groenlandicus Hansen, 1916; 6) A. karamani Birstein, 1962; 7) A. norbi Svavarsson, 1982; 8) A. obscurus Kaiser & Brandt, 2007; 9) A. ovalis Vanĥffen, 1914; 10) A. rotundatus Vanĥffen, 1914; 11) A. vinogradovi Gurjanova, 1950. Taxonomy and depth ranges in accordance with WoRMS (WoRMS Editorial Board 2021).

FIGURE 7. Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 7. Austroniscus brandtae n. sp.; A–C, holotype male (SMF 57927, R4B), D–H, paratype male (SMF 57929, R4D). A, habitus, dorsal view. B, Antenna articles 1–4, ventral view. C, Pereonite 1 coxa, ventral view. D, Antennula. E, Pleopod I, detail: lateral lobe and distal margin. F, Pleopod II. G, Pereopod I, detail: ungius. H, Uropod. Scale bar: A = 200 µm, D, H = 500 µm, E–G = 100 µm.

FIGURE 5. Haplotype network for Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 5. Haplotype network for Austroniscus brandtae n. sp. for the mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit 16S. Sampled haplotypes are shown as solid circles with circle area proportional to the number of individuals possessing that haplotype; black circles represent unsampled haplotypes required to connect the network. The number of mutational steps between haplotypes are shown along connecting lines. The colours represent sampling locations as indicated in the legend.

FIGURE 3 in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 3. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Austroniscus Vanĥffen, 1914 (Crustacea, Isopoda) lineages based on the mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit 16S, with molecular species delimitations shown as black bars.

FIGURE 4. Haplotype network for Austroniscus brandtae n in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 4. Haplotype network for Austroniscus brandtae n. sp. for COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I). Sampled haplotypes are shown as solid circles with circle area proportional to the number of individuals possessing that haplotype; black circles represent unsampled haplotypes required to connect the network. The number of mutational steps between haplotypes are shown along connecting lines. The colours represent sampling locations as indicated in the legend.

FIGURE 2 in Combining morphological and mitochondrial DNA data to describe a new species of Austroniscus Vanhöffen, 1914 (Isopoda, Janiroidea, Nannoniscidae) linking abyssal and hadal depths of the Puerto Rico Trench

FIGURE 2. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Austroniscus Vanĥffen, 1914 (Crustacea, Isopoda) lineages based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI), with molecular species delimitations shown as black bars.