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638 results for “Oscillation”
Data from: Development of circadian oscillators in neurosphere cultures during adult neurogenesis
Circadian rhythms are common in many cell types but are reported to be lacking in embryonic stem cells. Recent studies have described possible interactions between the molecular mechanism of circadian clocks and the signaling pathways that regulate stem cell differentiation. Circadian rhythms have not been examined well in neural stem cells and progenitor cells that produce new neurons and glial cells during adult neurogenesis. To evaluate circadian timing abilities of cells undergoing neural differentiation, neurospheres were prepared from the mouse subventricular zone (SVZ), a rich source of adult neural stem cells. Circadian rhythms in mPer1 gene expression were recorded in individual spheres, and cell types were characterized by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy at early and late developmental stages in vitro. Circadian rhythms were observed in neurospheres induced to differentiate into neurons or glia, and rhythms emerged within 3–4 days as differentiation proceeded, suggesting that the neural stem cell state suppresses the functioning of the circadian clock. Evidence was also provided that neural stem progenitor cells derived from the SVZ of adult mice are self-sufficient clock cells capable of producing a circadian rhythm without input from known circadian pacemakers of the organism. Expression of mPer1 occurred in high frequency oscillations before circadian rhythms were detected, which may represent a role for this circadian clock gene in the fast cycling of gene expression responsible for early cell differentiation.
Data from: Wake-induced oscillation behavior of twin bundle conductor transmission lines
A numerical method to simulate air flow around a bundle conductor line by means of FLUENT software is presented and verified by a wind tunnel test for aerodynamic characteristics of a twin bundle conductor line. The lift and drag coefficients of the leeward sub-conductor of a twin bundle conductor varying with its relative position in the wake zone to the windward one under different wind velocities are numerically determined by the presented method. A user-defined subroutine of ABAQUS software is developed to apply the aerodynamic loads on each sub-conductor and the electromagnetic force between sub-conductors. The numerical simulation method for wake-induced oscillation of a bundle conductor line is proposed. By means of the numerical method, wake-induced oscillation processes of twin bundle conductor transmission lines under different parameters, including current intensity, spacer layout, span length and wind velocity, are numerically simulated. Moreover, the effects of those parameters on the oscillation characteristics of the lines, such as vibration mode, frequency, amplitude and motion trace, are discussed. The obtained results provide a fundamental for the understanding of wake-induced oscillation behavior of twin bundle conductor transmission lines and the development of control technique for wake-induced oscillation.
Data from: Upper rate limits for one-to-one auditory-motor coordination involving whole-body oscillation: A study of street dancers and non-dancers
The capacity for auditory-motor coordination (AMC) is shared by several species, among which humans are most flexible in coordinating with tempo changes. We investigated how humans lose this tempo flexibility at their upper rate limit, and the effect of skill level on this phenomenon. Seven skilled street dancers, including a world champion, and ten non-dancers were instructed to bend their knees according to a metronome beat in a standing position at eight constant beat frequencies (3.8-5 Hz). Although maximum frequency of movement during the task was 4.8 Hz in the non-dancers and 5.0 Hz in the dancers, the rate limit for AMC was 4.1 Hz in the non-dancers and 4.9 Hz in the dancers. These results suggest that the loss of AMC was not due to rate limit of movement execution, but rather due to a constraint on the AMC process. In addition, mediation analysis revealed that a kinematic bias (i.e., the extent of knee flexion during the task) causally affected the extent of phase wandering via mediating factors (e.g., the extent to which movement frequency was reduced relative to the beat frequency). These results add evidence that gravity acts as constraint on AMC involving vertical rhythmic movement.
Data from: High cell density upregulates calcium oscillation by increasing calcium store content via basal mitogen-activated protein kinase activity
Calcium releases of non-excitable cells are generally a combination of oscillatory and non-oscillatory patterns, and factors affecting the calcium dynamics are still to be determined. Here we report the influence of cell density on calcium increase patterns of clonal cell lines. The majority of HeLa cells seeded at 1.5 x 104/cm2 showed calcium oscillations in response to histamine and ATP, whereas cells seeded at 0.5 x 104/cm2 largely showed transient and sustained calcium increases. Cell density also affected the response of HEK293 cells to ATP in a similar manner. High cell density increased the basal activity of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and calcium store content, and both calcium oscillation and calcium store content were down-regulated by a MAP kinase inhibitor, U0126. Thus, MAP kinase-mediated regulation of calcium store likely underlie the effect of cell density on calcium oscillation. Calcium increase patterns of HeLa cells were conserved at any histamine concentrations tested, whereas the overexpression of histamine H1 receptor, which robustly increased histamine-induced inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, converted calcium oscillations to sustained calcium increases only at high histamine concentrations. Thus, the consequence of modulating inositol phospholipid metabolism was distinct from that of changing cell density, suggesting the effect of cell density is not attributed to inositol phospholipid metabolism. Collectively, our results propose that calcium increase patterns of non-excitable cells reflect calcium store, which is regulated by the basal MAP kinase activity under the influence of cell density.
Data from: Host use dynamics in a heterogeneous fitness landscape generates oscillations in host range and diversification
Colonization of novel hosts is thought to play an important role in parasite diversification, yet little consensus has been achieved about the macroevolutionary consequences of changes in host use. Here we offer a mechanistic basis for the origins of parasite diversity by simulating lineages evolved in silico. We describe an individual-based model in which (i) parasites undergo sexual reproduction limited by genetic proximity, (ii) hosts are uniformly distributed along a one-dimensional resource gradient, and (iii) host use is determined by the interaction between the phenotype of the parasite and a heterogeneous fitness landscape. We found two main effects of host use on the evolution of a parasite lineage. First, the colonization of a novel host allowed parasites to explore new areas of the resource space, increasing phenotypic and genotypic variation. Second, hosts produced heterogeneity in the parasite fitness landscape, which led to reproductive isolation and therefore, speciation. As a validation of the model, we analyzed empirical data from Nymphalidae butterflies and their host plants. We then assessed the number of hosts used by parasite lineages and the diversity of resources they encompass. In both simulated and empirical systems, host diversity emerged as the main predictor of parasite species richness.
Pulse Profile Modelling of Thermonuclear Burst Oscillations II: Handling variability
<p>Pulse Profile Modelling of Thermonuclear Burst Oscillations II: Handling variability</p>
Model data for normal modes of poloidal field line oscillations
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Supplementary material A new insight of the MIS 3 Dansgaard-Oeschger climate oscillations in western Europe from the study of a Belgium isotopically equilibrated speleothem
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Data From: Phase-resolved measurement and control of ultrafast dynamics in terahertz electronic oscillators
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Slow oscillation-spindle coupling strength predicts real-life gross-motor learning in adolescents and adults
<p>Previously, we demonstrated that precise temporal coordination between slow oscillations (SO) and sleep spindles indexes declarative memory network development (Hahn et al., 2020). However, it is unclear whether these findings in the declarative memory domain also apply in the motor memory domain. Here, we compared adolescents and adults learning juggling, a real-life gross-motor task. We found that improved task proficiency after sleep lead to an attenuation of the learning curve, suggesting a dynamic juggling learning process. We employed individualized cross-frequency coupling analyses to reduce inter and intra-group variability of oscillatory features. Advancing our previous findings, we identified a more precise SO-spindle coupling in adults compared to adolescents. Importantly, coupling precision over motor areas predicted overnight changes in task proficiency and learning curve, indicating that SO-spindle coupling is sensitive to the dynamic motor learning process. Our results provide first evidence that regionally specific precisely coupled sleep oscillations support gross-motor learning.</p>
Climate oscillations drive millennial-scale changes in seabird colony size
<p>Seabird population size is intimately linked to the physical, chemical, and biological processes of the oceans. Yet, the overall effects of long-term changes in ocean dynamics on seabird colonies are difficult to quantify. Here, we used dated lake sediments to reconstruct ~10,000-years of seabird dynamics in the Northwest Atlantic to determine the influences of Holocene-scale climatic oscillations on colony size. On Baccalieu Island (Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada) – where the world's largest colony of Leach's storm-petrel (<em>Hydrobates leucorhous</em> Vieillot 1818) currently breeds – our data track seabird colony growth in response to warming during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (ca. 9,000 to 6,000 BP). From ca. 5,200 BP to the onset of the Little Ice Age (ca. 550 BP), changes in colony size were correlated to variations in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). By contrasting the seabird trends from Baccalieu Island to millennial-scale changes of storm-petrel populations from Grand Colombier Island (an island in the Northwest Atlantic that is subjected to different ocean climate), we infer that changes in NAO influenced the ocean circulation, which translated into, among many things, changes in pycnocline depth across the Northwest Atlantic basin where the storm-petrels feed. We hypothesize that the depth of the pycnocline is likely a strong bottom-up control on surface-feeding storm-petrels through its influence on prey accessibility. Since the Little Ice Age, the effects of ocean dynamics on seabird colony size have been altered by anthropogenic impacts. Subsequently, the colony on Baccalieu Island grew at an unprecedented rate to become the world's largest resulting from favourable conditions linked to climate warming, increased vegetation (thereby nesting habitat), and attraction of recruits from other colonies that are now in decline. We show that although ocean dynamics were an important driver of seabird colony dynamics, its recent influence has been modified by human interference.</p>
Wings and halteres act as coupled dual-oscillators in flies
<p>The mechanics of Dipteran thorax is dictated by a network of exoskeletal linkages which, when deformed by the flight muscles, generate coordinated wing movements. In Diptera, the forewings power flight, whereas the hindwings have evolved into specialized structures called halteres which provide rapid mechanosensory feedback for flight stabilization. Although actuated by independent muscles, wing and haltere motion is precisely phase-coordinated at high frequencies. Because wingbeat frequency is a product of wing-thorax resonance, any wear-and-tear of wings or thorax should impair flight ability. How robust is the Dipteran flight system against such perturbations? Here, we show that wings and halteres are independently-driven, coupled oscillators. We systematically reduced the wing length in flies and observed how wing-haltere synchronization was affected. The wing-wing system is a strongly-coupled oscillator, whereas the wing-haltere system is weakly-coupled through mechanical linkages which synchronize phase and frequency. Wing-haltere link acts in a unidirectional manner; altering wingbeat frequency affects haltere frequency, but not vice-versa. Exoskeletal linkages are thus key morphological features of the Dipteran thorax which ensure wing-haltere synchrony, despite severe wing damage.</p>
Data : Poroelastic Response of a Fractured Rock to Hydrostatic Pressure Oscillations
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The unsteady shock boundary layer interaction in a compressor cascade - Part 3: Mechanisms of shock oscillation - Promotional video 1
<p>Promotional video for the ASME Turbo Expo 2024 open access publication with identifier GT2024-128197 and title "The unsteady shock boundary layer interaction in a compressor cascade - Part 3: Mechanisms of shock oscillation."</p>
Self-Assembly and Synchronization: Crafting Music with Multi-Agent Embodied Oscillators - DATASET
<p>Dataset for amalysis replication</p>
Supplementary Dataset: Biological oscillations without genetic oscillator or external forcing
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Data and analysis code for "Increased frequency of multi-year El Niño-Southern Oscillation events across the Holocene"
<p>Data and analysis code for "Increased frequency of multi-year El Niño-Southern Oscillation events across the Holocene" </p> <p>In "Zenodo.zip",</p> <ul> <li>Code to produce the main figures (Figs. 1-4) in the manuscript: Matlab code named as Fig#_202411.m</li> <li>Other Matlab functions used in the code </li> <li>Nino 3.4 monthly surface (sea/air) temperature data: 8 NetCDF files named Model-Name_variable_N34_mon_final.nc for 8 transient Holocene simulations</li> <li>Tropical Pacific climatological surface temperature and ocean subsurface temperature: processed as Tpac_tmp_response or Tsub_Model-name_response in MAT(matlab) format </li> <li>Nino 3.4 and 1+2 SST anomalies from ERSST.v5: N1234_ersst_1854_2023 in MAT format</li> <li>Central Pacific fossil coral data from Grothe et al. 2020 (accessed at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/22415)</li> <li>Other MAT files temporarily generated for figure plots</li> </ul>
Source data for the manuscript "Photonic-assisted Ingenious Agile Non-periodic Oscillator (PIANO)"
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Data from: Lateralization in alpha-band oscillations predicts the locus and spatial distribution of attention
Attending to a task-relevant location changes how neural activity oscillates in the alpha band (8–13Hz) in posterior visual cortical areas. However, a clear understanding of the relationships between top-down attention, changes in alpha oscillations in visual cortex, and attention performance are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the degree to which the posterior alpha power tracked the locus of attention, the distribution of attention, and how well the topography of alpha could predict the locus of attention. We recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data while subjects performed an attention demanding visual discrimination task that dissociated the direction of attention from the direction of a saccade to indicate choice. On some trials, an endogenous cue predicted the target's location, while on others it contained no spatial information. When the target's location was cued, alpha power decreased in sensors over occipital cortex contralateral to the attended visual field. When the cue did not predict the target's location, alpha power again decreased in sensors over occipital cortex, but bilaterally, and increased in sensors over frontal cortex. Thus, the distribution and the topography of alpha reliably indicated the locus of covert attention. Together, these results suggest that alpha synchronization reflects changes in the excitability of populations of neurons whose receptive fields match the locus of attention. This is consistent with the hypothesis that alpha oscillations reflect the neural mechanisms by which top-down control of attention biases information processing and modulate the activity of neurons in visual cortex.
Data from: Back-tracking during navigation shows enhanced anterior cingulate activity and suppression of alpha oscillations and 'default-mode' brain activity
Successful navigation can require realising the current path choice was a mistake and the best strategy is to retreat along the recent path: 'back-tracking'. Despite the wealth of studies on the neural correlates of navigation little is known about back-tracking. To explore the neural underpinnings of back-tracking we tested humans during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on their ability to navigate to a set of goal locations in a virtual desert island riven by lava which constrained path that could be taken. We found that on a subset of trials, participants spontaneously chose to back-track and that the majority of these choices were optimal. During back-tracking, activity increased in frontal regions and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, while activity was suppressed in regions associated with the core default-mode network. Using the same task, magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a separate group of participants we found that power in the alpha band was significantly decreased immediately prior to such back-tracking events. These results highlight the importance for navigation of brain networks previously identified in processing internally-generated errors and that such error-detection responses may involve shifting the brain from default-mode states to aid successful spatial orientation.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.