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FIGURE 3 in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela

FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype MHNLS 19116), showing clusters of enlarged, conical to spinelike scales on the flanks of neck and trunk. White arrows indicate the clusters of scales magnified in upper right and lower left frames.

FIGURE 5 in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela

FIGURE 5. Variation on dorsal (a) and ventral (b) color pattern of the type series of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.; a: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19109 and 19110; b: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19110 and 19109. Note the absence of sexual dichromatism in both views.

FIGURE 1 in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela

FIGURE 1. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.: a. Male holotype (MHNLS 19116); b. Female paratype (MHNLS 19107).

FIGURE 4 in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela

FIGURE 4. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype, MHNLS 19116): a. Ventral view showing escutcheon areas on posterior part of belly and undersurface of thighs; b. Detail of subcaudal scale pattern; c. Ventral view of left hand (scale bar represent 1 mm); d. Ventral view of left foot (scale bar represents 2 mm).

FIGURE 7. a in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela

FIGURE 7. a: General view of the Manastara valley in the Sierra de Perijá, estado Zulia, Venezuela, area where Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. inhabits; b–c: views of the Manastara community and the microhabitat where five specimens of the type series were collected.

FIGURE 6 in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela

FIGURE 6. Map of NW Venezuela showing major physiographic elements: Maracaibo Lake, and Sierra de Perijá to the west. Type locality of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. is shown by a white circle.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Plestiodon (Squamata: Scincidae) from Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, México

FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of the members of the Plestiodon brevirostris group in Guerrero, México. Discontinuous lines represent state limits. The stars denote the localities of P. nietoi sp. nov. The solid squares represent localities of P. brevirostris, open squares and open circles represent the closest localities of P. indubitus and P. ochoterenae, respectively.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Plestiodon (Squamata: Scincidae) from Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, México

FIGURE 2. Lateral, ventral and dorsal view of the holotype of Plestiodon nietoi sp. nov. (MZFC 22249).

FIGURE 1 in Description of a new shrew of the genus Cryptotis (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from the Sierra de Aroa, an isolated mountain range in northwestern Venezuela, with remarks on biogeography and conservation

FIGURE 1. External appearance of Cryptotis aroensis. A, lateral view of the holotype (CVULA I–8548), which had a headand-body length of 81mm, and a tail length of 40 mm (Table 1); B, ventral view of the holotype; C, ventral view of the right hindfoot of a paratype (CVULA I–8546), which had a length of 13 mm (Table 1). Photographs by J. Molinari.

FIGURE 2 in Description of a new shrew of the genus Cryptotis (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from the Sierra de Aroa, an isolated mountain range in northwestern Venezuela, with remarks on biogeography and conservation

FIGURE 2. From top to bottom, dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of crania, and lateral view of mandible of the holotype (CVULA I–8548) of Cryptotis aroensis.

FIGURE 4 in Description of a new shrew of the genus Cryptotis (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from the Sierra de Aroa, an isolated mountain range in northwestern Venezuela, with remarks on biogeography and conservation

FIGURE 4. Cloud forest at the type locality of Cryptotis aroensis; left, forest edge viewed from road; right, understory vegetation. Photographed by J. Molinari on March 12, 2011.

FIGURE 5 in Description of a new shrew of the genus Cryptotis (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from the Sierra de Aroa, an isolated mountain range in northwestern Venezuela, with remarks on biogeography and conservation

FIGURE 5. Map of Western Venezuela and adjacent Colombia showing collection localities of specimens of small-eared shrews examined in the present study. Areas shaded in gray indicate elevations from 1000 to 2000 m. Areas shaded in green indicate elevations above 2000 m. Species symbols are: Cryptotis aroensis (star), Cryptotis sp. A (inverted triangles), C. meridensis (solid circles), C. tamensis (triangle), and Cryptotis sp. from Sierra de Perijá (solid squares).

FIGURE 3 in Description of a new shrew of the genus Cryptotis (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from the Sierra de Aroa, an isolated mountain range in northwestern Venezuela, with remarks on biogeography and conservation

FIGURE 3. Occlusal view of the upper (right) and lower (left) dentitions showing variation in 3 specimens of Cryptotis aroensis. A, views of the holotype (CVULA I–8548); B, views of the paratype CVULA I–8546; C, views of the paratype CVULA I–8547.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae, Bolitoglossa) from Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Venezuela

FIGURE 4. SVL vs TL plot (in mm) of the specimens of salamanders belonging to Bolitoglossa mucuyensis sp. nov. (red triangles), B. orestes (black triangles), B. altamazonica (orange circles), B. borburata (blue diamonds) and B. guaramacalensis (green squares). The mean of the SVL/TL individual ratios for each group of data (i.e., specimens of the same species) is shown inside the corresponding ovals.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae, Bolitoglossa) from Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Venezuela

FIGURE 1. Type locality of Bolitoglossa mucuyensis sp. nov. (A) The type locality of the species is placed in the proximities of La Mucuy, Mérida state (white asterisk); the line oriented NW/SE is shown in 'B' with more details. (B) Relief profile from south Lake Maracaibo, passing through Sierra La Culata and Sierra Nevada de Mérida with the homonymous city between them, to the Llanos of Barinas; modified from Vivas (2007). (C) A detailed depiction of La Mucuy in Sierra Nevada de Mérida, very close to the capital city of the state to the left (the type locality is shown with a white asterisk).

FIGURE 3 in A new species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae, Bolitoglossa) from Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Venezuela

FIGURE 3. Bolitoglossa mucuyensis sp. nov. (A) Holotype in life (picture taken by Pascual J. Soriano). (B) Dorsal view of the preserved holotype and (C) Ventral view of the preserved holotype (pictures taken by Moisés Escalona). (D and E) Paratypes of B. mucuyensis sp. nov. (pictures taken by Pascual J. Soriano).

FIGURE 5 in A new species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae, Bolitoglossa) from Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Venezuela

FIGURE 5. Webbing of the front and hind limbs of the two species of salamanders present in Mérida state (Venezuela), Bolitoglossa Mucuyensis sp. nov. and B. orestes (pictures taken by Moisés Escalona).

FIGURE 2 in A new species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae, Bolitoglossa) from Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Venezuela

FIGURE 2. The original ML tree (1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates) of the concatenated sequences of cytb + rRNA16S, showing the location of the related salamander species from Cordillera de Mérida (Mérida state) Bolitoglossa mucuyensis sp. nov. (Sierra Nevada de Mérida) and B. orestes (Sierra La Culata) was used to generate the 50% supported tree shown here. The analysis was performed using the GTR model of nucleotide substitution. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in number of substitutions per site (968 sites). The vertical line to the right encompasses the species belonging to the group adspersa.

FIGURE 5 in Morphological and molecular diversification of slender salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the southern Sierra Nevada of California with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 5. Color pattern variation in B. bramei. A. Specimen from the type locality; note the rust colored patches over the shoulders. The presence of these patches is typical of B. bramei. B. MVZ 267142, from Tobias Creek, Tulare Co., California. C–F. Four specimens from Cannell Creek, Kern and Tulare counties, California, showing range of coloration found in this population. The bold red coloring is not known from other populations. Refer to the web version of this article for color figure.

FIGURE 6 in Morphological and molecular diversification of slender salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the southern Sierra Nevada of California with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 6. Habitats occupied by B. bramei in the Kern River Canyon. A. Type locality, Packsaddle Canyon, 1135 m elev., Tulare Co., California (photo taken 5 March 2011). On the east side of the Kern River, salamanders are often associated with metamorphic rock in seepage areas as shown here. B–D. On the west side of the Kern River, B. bramei has been found in a diversity of habitats including the following: B. under isolated cover objects in oak grassland S of Kernville, Kern Co., California (photo taken 21 March 2008); C. in pine litter along Tobias Creek, Tulare Co., California (photo taken 22 March 2007) and D. under rocks and in leaf litter N of South Falls Creek, Tulare Co., California (photo taken 28 January 2010; numerous individuals were found on this date). Refer to the web version of this article for color figure.