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FIGURE 58 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition

FIGURE 58. Results of Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), using Bary Curtis matrix, applied to test similarity in morphological variant composition of Steneotarsonemus spinki males in Eastern India (The states are colour coded as green: West Bengal; Blue: Orissa; Yellow: Tripura; Red: Manipur).

FIGURE 57 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition

FIGURE 57. Abundance of morphological variants (mean±S.E.) of Steneotarsonemus spinki male in Eastern India. Mean followed by same letter do not differ significantly at 5% level of Significance.

FIGURES 41.—47. Steneotarsonemus spinki 41 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition

FIGURES 41.—47. Steneotarsonemus spinki 41—Dorsal surface (female), 42—Ventral surface (female), 43. Dorsal surface (male), 44—Ventral surface (male), 45. Leg IV (male, variant S), 46. Leg IV (male, variant I), 47. Leg IV (male, variant L).

FIGURES 38.—40 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition

FIGURES 38.—40. Three variants of Steneotarsonemus spinki (male Leg IV). 38.Variant S, 49. Variant I and 40. Variant L (top to bottom).

FIGURES 53.—56. Steneotarsonemus subfurcatus 53 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition

FIGURES 53.—56. Steneotarsonemus subfurcatus 53—Dorsal surface (female), 54—Ventral surface (female), 55. Dorsal surface (male), 56—Ventral surface (male).

FIGURES 28.—31 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition

FIGURES 28.—31. Steneotarsonemus subfurcatus (female). 28.—leg I, 29.—leg II, 30.—leg III, 31.—leg IV.

FIGURES 34.—37 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition

FIGURES 34.—37. Steneotarsonemus subfurcatus (male). 34.—leg I, 35.—leg II, 36.—leg III, 37.—leg IV.

FIGURES 48.—52. Steneotarsonemus furcatus 48 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition

FIGURES 48.—52. Steneotarsonemus furcatus 48—Dorsal surface (female), 49—Ventral surface (female), 50. Dorsal surface (male), 51—Dorsal surface (male), 52. Ventral surface (male).

FIGURE 1 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition

FIGURE 1. Map of India depicting the locations of survey areas from where the specimens were collected.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Predicting changes in molluscan spatial distributions in mangrove forests in response to sea-level rise

Molluscs are an important component of the mangrove ecosystem, and the vertical distributions of molluscan species in this ecosystem are primarily dictated by tidal inundation. Thus, sea-level rise (SLR) may have profound effects on mangrove mollusc communities. Here, we used dynamic empirical models, based on measurements of surface elevation change, sediment accretion, and molluscan zonation patterns, to predict changes in molluscan spatial distributions in response to different sea-level rise rates in the mangrove forests of Zhenzhu Bay (Guangxi, China). The change in surface elevation was 4.76–9.61 mm yr−1 during the study period (2016–2020), and the magnitude of surface-elevation change decreased exponentially as original surface elevation increased. Based on our model results, we predicted that mangrove molluscs might successfully adapt to a low rate of SLR (2.00–4.57 mm yr−1) by 2100, with molluscs moving seaward and those in the lower intertidal zones expanding into newly available zones. However, as SLR rate increased (4.57–8.14 mm yr−1), our models predicted that surface elevations would decrease beginning in the high intertidal zones and gradually spread to the low intertidal zones. Finally, at high rates of SLR (8.14–16.00 mm yr−1), surface elevations were predicted to decrease across the elevation gradient, with molluscs moving landward and species in higher intertidal zones blocked by landward barriers. Tidal inundation and the consequent increases in interspecific competition and predation pressure were predicted to threaten the survival of many molluscan groups in higher intertidal zones, especially arboreal and infaunal molluscs at the landward edge of the mangroves, resulting in a substantial reduction in the abundance of original species on the landward edge. Thus, future efforts to conserve mangrove floral and faunal diversity should prioritize species restricted to landward mangrove areas and protect potential species habitats.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

The datasets for the paper "Spatial and temporal distribution of lobate scarps in the lunar south polar region: Evidence for latitudinal variation of scarp geometry, kinematics and formation ages, continuous tectonic activity in the last 100 million years and seismically safe south pole Artemis human landing site" Geophysical Research Letters.

This dataset provides the original data that were used for preparing the illustrations, figures and tables.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Nest shape influences colony organization in ants: spatial distribution and connectedness of colony members differs from that predicted by random movement and is affected by nest space

Overview Data used for the manuscript: Nest shape influences colony organization in ants: spatial distribution and connectedness of colony members differs from that predicted by random movement and is affected by available space Purpose of the study Investigating how nest shape influences how Temnothorax rugatulus colonies spatially organize in their nests. This includes physical location of colony members and their distances from the entrance, mobile colony member distance to the brood center, worker distance to the physical center of the nest, and comparing worker distributions with those predicted by a random walk model. Structure of the data EMPIRICAL DATA WORKERS: FullDataCoordWorkers.csv, FullDataCoordWorkersRD2.csv Raw experimental data with worker x and y position in nests <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Day: The experimental day that the observation was collected on</li> <li>ScaledX: X-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012)</li> <li>ScaledY: Y-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji</li> <li>ColorID: The unique color marking assigned to an individual worker's head, thorax, abdomen1, abdomen2 (i.e., Yellow, White, Green, Green = Y,W,G,G)</li> <li>Density: The density treatment (High / Low)</li> </ul> BROOD / QUEENS: FullDataCoordBrood.csv, FullDataCoordBroodRD2.csv; FullDataCoordQueen.csv, FullDataCoordQueenRD2.csv Raw experimental data with brood (OR) queen x and y position in nests <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Day: The experimental day that the observation was collected on</li> <li>ScaledX: X-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012)</li> <li>ScaledY: Y-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji</li> <li>Density: The density treatment (High / Low)</li> </ul> ALATES: FullDataCoordAlate.csv Raw experimental data with alate (winged reproductive individuals) x and y position in nests <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Day: The experimental day that the observation was collected on</li> <li>ScaledX: X-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012)</li> <li>ScaledY: Y-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji</li> <li>SexID: The unique sex assignment and number given to an individual alate: Sex, SexNumber, TotalNumber (i.e., the first male alate observation that came after three queen alates making it the fourth total observation = M,1,4)</li> </ul> NETLOGO SIMULATIONS: ArchitectureMoveModelFull.csv Raw netlogo simulation data with agent x and y positions in nests <ul> <li>RunNumber: The simulation number - 1 to 4000 - there are 1000 simulations for each combination of nest shape and size</li> <li>NestSize: The size of the nest area that agents were allowed to move throughout (Small / Large)</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>TimeStep: The duration of each simulation (should be 50000)</li> <li>xcor: a list of every agent x coordinate position at the end of the simulation</li> <li>ycor: a list of every agent y coordinate position at the end of the simulation</li> </ul> REFERENCE DATA  NEST BINS: Empirical BinsNullFull.csv Null data sheet with eight bins for tube and circle nests in every colony <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> </ul> BinCoordFull.csv Reference binning coordinates to group empirical coordinates into nest sections <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>CoordID: The unique coordinate identifier within each colony and nest combination</li> <li>ScaledX: X-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012)</li> <li>ScaledY: Y-axis coordinate, scaled from original (px) to (cm) in the software Fiji</li> </ul> NEST BINS: Netlogo Simulations BinsNullNetlogo.csv Null data sheet with eight bins for tube and circle nests in each simulation treatment <ul> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>NestSize: The size treatment for simulations (Small / Large)</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> </ul> BinCoordNetlogo.csv Reference binning coordinates to group Netlogo simulation coordinates into nest sections <ul> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>NestSize: The size treatment for simulations (Small / Large)</li> <li>ScaledX: X-axis coordinate</li> <li>ScaledY: Y-axis coordinate</li> <li>CoordID: The unique coordinate identifier within each colony and nest combination</li> </ul> CORNERS: Empirical CornerFull.csv Whether a nest section has a corner or not <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> <li>Corner: Presence of a corner (Y / N)</li> </ul> CORNERS: Empirical CornerFullSim.csv <ul> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> <li>Corner: Presence of a corner (Y / N)</li> </ul> REFERENCE DATA  DISTANCES IN THE NEST: Empirical DistBinsFull.csv Reference coordinates for the entrance of nest sections (Bin) front-to-back and shortest distance to the entrance from each nest section entrance <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Distance: Reference shortest distance from a nest section to the entrance</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> <li>BinX: X-axis reference coodinate for a nest section entrance</li> <li>BinY: Y-axis reference coodinate for a nest section entrance</li> <li>Xmax: Max X-axis coordinate possible within the nest</li> <li>Ymax: Max Y-axis coordinate possible within the nest</li> <li>MaxDist: Max possible shortest distance from the nest entrance</li> <li>TubeRatio: Ratio of shortest distance to the nest entrance in circle nest / tube nest</li> </ul> DISTANCES IN THE NEST: Netlogo Simulations DistBinsFullNetlogo.csv Reference coordinates for the entrance of nest sections (Bin) front-to-back and shortest distance to the entrance from each nest section entrance <ul> <li>NestSize: The size treatment for simulations (Small / Large)</li> <li>Nest: The nest shape treatment (Tube / Circle)</li> <li>Distance: Reference shortest distance from a nest section to the entrance</li> <li>Bin: Nest section identifier (1-8)</li> <li>BinX: X-axis reference coodinate for a nest section entrance</li> <li>BinY: Y-axis reference coodinate for a nest section entrance</li> <li>Xmax: Max X-axis coordinate possible within the nest</li> <li>Ymax: Max Y-axis coordinate possible within the nest</li> <li>MaxDist: Max possible shortest distance from the nest entrance</li> <li>TubeRatio: Ratio of shortest distance to the nest entrance in circle nest / tube nest</li> </ul> REFERENCE DATA  WORKER SITE FIDELITY (SPATIAL FIDELITY & OCCURRENCE ZONE SIZES), ALSO RELATING SIZES TO DISTANCES IN THE NEST ColorRefFull.csv Reference of all possible unique color identifiers paint marked workers <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Head: Head color mark</li> <li>Thorax: Thorax color mark</li> <li>Abd1: Left side abdomen mark</li> <li>Abd2: Right side abdomen mark</li> </ul> NestAreaFull.csv Reference for colony size (number of workers in the colony) and nest area <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Number.ants: Number of workers in the colony after painting</li> <li>Diameter: The diameter of the circle nest</li> <li>Area: The area of the nest</li> </ul> ScalingCircleSFZ.csv Reference to scale the radius of circle nests to make coordinates representing fidelity zone bins <ul> <li>Colony: Unique experimental colony identifiers</li> <li>Scaling: The scaling factor that is applied to the radius of each circle nest</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Images of the work entitled "The spatial distribution of rhizosphere microbial activities under drought: water availability is more important than root-hair controlled exudation"

These images are the images of zymography, 14C imaging and neutron radiography of the work entitled "The spatial distribution of rhizosphere microbial activities under drought: water availability is more important than root-hair controlled exudation". Raw data on optimal water conditions were partially overlapping with the data of Bilyera et al., 2021, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 162, 108426.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

dataset of the work entitled "The spatial distribution of rhizosphere microbial activities under drought: water availability is more important than root-hair controlled exudation"

This is the dataset of the enzyme kinetics, and other biochemical properties obtained from zymography, 14C images and water images of the work entitled "The spatial distribution of rhizosphere microbial activities under drought: water availability is more important than root-hair controlled exudation".

FIGURE 2 in Spatial distribution of species richness and endemism of Solanum (Solanaceae) in Mexico

FIGURE 2. Spatial distribution of species richness and endemism of Mexican Solanum by grid cell of 50 × 50 km. A) Species richness. B) Endemic's richness. C) Weighted Endemism. D) Corrected Weighted Endemism. The numbers inside the cells follow the text.

FIGURE 4 in Spatial distribution of species richness and endemism of Solanum (Solanaceae) in Mexico

FIGURE 4. Solanum species richness by vegetation type. A) Biogeographical provinces and vegetation types. B) Species richness distribution (first column), endemism (second column) and vegetation type endemics (third column). AS: Aquatic and subaquatic vegetation; CF: Cloud forest; G: Grassland; POF: Pine-oak forest; TF: Thorn forest; TDF: Tropical deciduous forest; TEF: Tropical evergreen forest; TSF: Tropical subdeciduous forest; XS: Xerophytic scrub.

FIGURE 3 in Spatial distribution of species richness and endemism of Solanum (Solanaceae) in Mexico

FIGURE 3. Solanum species richness by political division. The abbreviation of the Mexican states follows INEGI (2000).

FIGURE 1 in Spatial distribution of species richness and endemism of Solanum (Solanaceae) in Mexico

FIGURE 1. Species richness of Mexican Solanum by: A) Biogeographical region. B) Biogeographical province. BC: Baja Californian; BB: Balsas Basin; C: Californian; CH: Chiapas Highlands; CD: Chihuahuan Desert; PL: Pacific Lowlands; SMS: Sierra Madre del Sur; SMOc: Sierra Madre Occidental; SMOr: Sierra Madre Oriental; S: Sonoran; T: Tamaulipas; TVB: Transmexican Volcanic Belt; V: Veracruzan; Y: Yucatán Peninsula.