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1,478 results for “coral reefs”
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Particle sedimentation on the Forereef, Back Reef and Fringing Reef
This data package contains measurements of the sedimentation rate of particulate matter to the seafloor on the forereef, backreef and fringing reef of the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia, during 2 to 4 seasons per year from August 2005 to January 2011. Measurements include estimates of the accumulation rate of particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and dry mass. Samples were collected with 2 different types of sediment traps. From August, 2005 to January 2008 samples were collected using plastic door matting placed in plastic trays 1 cm deep and 195.5 cm2 in area. From January, 2008 to January, 2011 samples were collected in plastic tubes 5.2 cm inside diameter and 17.5 cm high (21.26 cm2). During each sampling period 3 replicate traps were placed at random on the seafloor and retrieved approximately 24 hours later. See caveats to data interpretation in methods discussion.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Zooplankton Composition and Abundance
This data package contains zooplankton abundance and taxonomic composition measured at 5 stations on the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia: Forereef, Backreef, Fringing Reef, Cooks Bay, and Oceanic (5 km due north) from 2005 to 2010. Day time measurements over the reef were taken with a 30 cm, 200 μm mesh plankton net equipped with a slow speed General Oceanics Model 2030 flow meter. Nets were swum horizontally by a diver 1 m above the bottom at Forereef, Backreef and Fringing Reef sites. Daytime sampling at the Oceanic and Cooks Bay sites consisted of 0-50 m, 0-100 or 0-30 m vertical tows with a 30 cm, 200 μm mesh plankton net equipped with a standard General Oceanics Model 2030 flow meter. Nighttime sampling and some daytime sampling was done at the Forereef, Backreef and Fringing Reef sites using automated plankton pumps equipped with flow meters and 200 μm internal nets (described in Alldredge and King, 2009). These pumps sampled 75 cm above the bottom for 1 to 1.5 hours beginning at 11 pm local time. Nocturnal zooplankton abundance was sensitive to lunar phase. On some sampling dates pump samples were taken at the same depth in duplicate, or at several different depths simultaneously. The zooplankton time series was terminated when it became clear that the variability in zooplankton abundance over just 50 cm difference in depth over the reef was greater than the variability seasonally or even day to night (Alldredge and King, 2009). Alldredge AL and J M King 2009. Near-surface enrichment of zooplankton over a shallow back reef: Implications for coral reef planktivores. Coral Reefs 28:895-908. DOI: 10.1007/s00338-009-0534-4
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Population Dynamics: Adult threespot dascyllus and their host anemones, ongoing since 1992
These data describe the abundance of adult-stage three-spot dascyllus (Dascyllus trimaculatus), a planktivorous damselfish, and their juvenile microhabitat, the sea anemone Heteractis magnifica. Surveys were begun in 1992 and have been conducted two to four times annually by the same observer in the lagoons of the north shore of the island of Moorea in French Polynesia.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Community Dynamics: Physical Characteristics of Branching Acropora Patches and Species Richness and Abundances of Associated Fishes
Branching corals, like many in the genus Acropora, provide structurally complex habitats for reef fishes and other organisms. Fluctuations in the abundance, distribution and characteristics of staghorn Acroporid corals may contribute to changes in the abundance and species composition of reef fishes due to changes in the availability of shelter habitat and food. Farming damselfishes of the genus Stegastes occur in high abundances in staghorn thickets and actively defend food and nest space against organisms that threaten these resources. Here I examine the value of staghorn thickets as habitat for fishes, and how the presence of territorial farming damselfishes may influence the assemblage of fishes that associate with staghorn corals. Surveys of 185 Acropora pulchra thickets located in the lagoons surrounding the island of Moorea, French Polynesia revealed 85 species of fish from 25 families. Total fish abundance and species richness values ranged from no fish on a thicket to a high of 275 individuals and 26 species. Thicket area was the most important characteristic in explaining variation in attributes of the fish assemblage among staghorn thickets, with other characteristics explaining little of the species composition or trophic structure. Behavioral observations revealed that farming damselfishes were most aggressive toward corallivores, herbivores, and egg predators, while they ignored most carnivores and omnivores. Despite this pattern, I observed positive covariance between Stegastes and the group of fishes that elicited the strongest aggressive response when the effect of thicket area was removed, suggesting these fishes remain drawn to the resources produced or enhanced by Stegastes on A. pulchra thickets.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Demersal Zooplankton Composition and Abundance
This data package contains demersal zooplankton abundance and taxonomic composition measured at 3 stations on the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia: Forereef, Backreef and Fringing Reef from 2005 to 2010. Demersal zooplankton emerging from sand or rubble substrates on the reef during the night were captured in 8 inverted funnel traps placed on the substrate in the late afternoon and retrieved the following morning. Traps were made of 200 μm mesh netting with the opening to the cod end located 18 cm above the bottom. Four traps, each covering 0.0615 m2 of substrate, were combined to obtain one sample for counting. The table reports means of 2 replicates each containing 4 combined traps. Traps placed over sand were pushed into the substrate. However, traps over rubble had numerous gaps along their bases allowing some contamination from the water column. Data are expressed as number of animals emerging per square meter of bottom.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Sand Flat Sampling: Sand Infaunal Surveys
These data represent abundances of infaunal invertebrates in lagoonal sand flats along the north shore of Moorea. Surveys were conducted once along five transects in the Vaipahu lagoon within the LTER 1 study site. The number of individuals from distinct invertebrate taxa were counted from 1815 cubic centimeter sand cores taken at varying distances from a large patch reef. The data also include sand grain size distributions.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Seawater pH, Temperature and Depth Time Series from Bottom-mounted Sensors on the Fringing Reef, January-March 2012
Bottom-mounted instrumentation (SeaFET, Seabird thermisters, Hobo water level data loggers) sampled for 8 weeks on the fringing reef of Moorea Island, French Polynesia at site LTER Fringe 1. Sampling began in January 2012. The instruments were secured to a cement piling at 3.3 meters depth and 0.7 meters above the sandy bottom. The SeaFET recorded voltages from a thermistor and pH electrodes at a 10-minute sampling interval. Discrete seawater samples were collected using a Niskin bottle during the deployment; pH, salinity, and total alkalinity of this sample were measured to calculate seawater pH (total scale) from raw SeaFET data as well as other carbonate chemistry parameters. Adjacent to the SeaFET were two thermistors and two HOBO® water level data loggers, synchronized with the SeaFET to simultaneously record temperature and depth.
Taiwan Coral Reef: Seawater pH, Temperature and Depth Time Series from Bottom-mounted Sensors on the Fringing Reef in Nanwan Bay, May-July 2012
Bottom-mounted instrumentation (SeaFET, Seabird conductivity/temperature sensor, Hobo water level data loggers) sampled for 7 weeks on the Hobihu fringing reef in Nanwan Bay, Taiwan. Sampling began in May 2012. The instruments were secured to anchored fencing stakes at 4 meters depth and 0.6 meters above the sandy bottom. The SeaFET recorded voltages from a thermistor and pH electrodes at a 10-minute sampling interval. Discrete seawater samples were collected using a Niskin bottle during the deployment; pH, salinity, and total alkalinity of this sample were measured to calculate seawater pH (total scale) from raw SeaFET data as well as other carbonate chemistry parameters. Adjacent to the SeaFET were a Seabird sensor and two HOBO® water level data loggers, synchronized with the SeaFET to simultaneously record conductivity, temperature and depth.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Pocillopora Abundance, Cover and Recruitment data for Tsounis and Edmunds 2016 Peer J
The dataset contains stony coral cover percent and Pocillopora cover obtained in on the north shore of Moorea in 2010 and 2014/2015 using photoqudrats. A subset of the data were obtained by counting adults and juveniles in situ using quadrats. Recruitment rates were quantified using settlement tiles. These data support the publication Tsounis and Edmunds, The potential for self-seeding by the coral Pocillopora spp. In Moorea, French Polynesia, Peer J, 2016.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Data for figures in Doo, et al., Ocean acidification effects on in situ coral reef metabolism, Scientific Reports, 2019
These data result from a Free Ocean CO2 Enrichment (FOCE). Data include net community calcification (NCC), net community production (NCP), and net ecosystem calcification (NEC) for the figures in Doo, Edmunds and Cparpenter, Ocean acidification effects on in situ coral reef metabolism, Scientific Reports, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48407-7. Data for Figure 2A describe the 24-h NCC collected in the in situ SCoRe-FOCE. Data for Figures 2B and 2C describe the offset of NCC of the high CO2 treatment from ambient collected in the in situ SCoRe-FOCE. Data for Figure 3 describe the correlation of NCP to NCC collected in the in situ SCoRe-FOCE. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reefs: KM14-16 Cruise BioGeoChemistry
Data products from biogeochemical analyses of bottle sample data collected during the July 2014 UNOLS cruise on the Kilo-Moana around Moorea.We sought to resolve the extent, variability, and magnitude of productivity enrichment around a high tropical island consistent with the phenomenon of an Island Mass Effect (IME). Key biogeochemical constituents and physical oceanographic parameters were measured offshore over the upper 500 m from July 27 to August 7, 2014 around the Society Island of Moorea in French Polynesia in association with the nearshore measurements of the Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research program. High-resolution synoptic sampling in a rectangular grid around the island revealed vertical and horizontal patterns in hydrographic conditions, inorganic nutrients, rates of productivity, and concentrations of organic matter that are characteristic of oligotrophic gyre ecosystems. This study was supported in part by the National Science Foundation grants OCE-1236905 to MCR-LTER, OCE-1538428 to CC, OCE-1538393 to CN and OCE-1535203 to JL, and NASA grant NNX11AE87G (The Science of Terra and Aqua) to SM. Data products biogeochemical analyses of bottle sample data during the July 2014 UNOLS cruise on the Kilo-Moana around Moorea.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Branches and plates of Porites rus insensitive to OA and warming. Lenz and Edmunds, JEMBE 2017
Data in support of Lenz & Edmunds, JEMBE 2017. [doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2016.10.002] This study tested the hypothesis that intraspecific morphological plasticity within a scleractinian coral elicits differential responses to elevated PCO2 and temperature. In Mo'orea, French Polynesia, two short-term laboratory experiments (21 and 14 days) were conducted to test the effects of PCO2 (400 vs. 700 µatm), and PCO2 (400 vs 1000 µatm) combined with temperature (27.0 vs. 29.8 C), on branches and plates of Porites rus. Experiments employed two irradiances (~1000 vs 200 µmol photons m-2 s-1), which characterized the microenvironments on the shallow fringing reefs where branching and plating morphologies are common, respectively. Calcification of both morphologies was insensitive to PCO2, as well as the combined effects of elevated PCO2 and temperature. Mean calcification rates were faster in high light than in low light for both morphologies, and biomass was greater in plates than branches in all treatments. Together, our results suggest P. rus is robust to increased PCO2 and high temperature within the constraints of the treatments applied. Morphological plasticity in this species does not mediate physiological resistance to low pH and high temperature. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2020). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
Allen Coral Atlas maps of the benthic cover and geomorphic zones of coral reefs in western Micronesia
<p>This dataset includes shapefiles of classification of benthic cover and geomorphic zones of the shallow coral reefs in the area of western Micronesia. The boundary of the mapped area is included in the dataset. <br> <br> This is a subset of the Allen Coral Atlas global coral reef mapping dataset. Mapping methodology, other datasets and a full list of contributors are available at <a href="https://www.allencoralatlas.org/">https://www.allencoralatlas.org/</a>. Further guidance on licensing and citation can be found at <a href="https://github.com/CoralMapping/AllenCoralAtlas">https://github.com/CoralMapping/AllenCoralAtlas</a></p>
Data from: Natal philopatry increases relatedness within groups of coral reef cardinalfish
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>A central issue in evolutionary ecology is how patterns of dispersal influence patterns of relatedness in populations. In terrestrial organisms, limited dispersal of offspring leads to groups of related individuals. In contrast, for most marine organisms, larval dispersal in open waters is thought to minimise kin associations within populations. However, recent molecular evidence and theoretical approaches have shown that limited dispersal, sibling cohesion, and/or differential reproductive success can lead to kin-association and elevated relatedness. Here, we tested the hypothesis that limited dispersal explains small-scale patterns of relatedness in the pajama cardinalfish <i>Sphaeramia nematoptera</i>. We used 19 microsatellite markers to assess parentage of 233 juveniles and pairwise relatedness among 527 individuals from 41 groups in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. Our findings support three predictions of the limited dispersal hypothesis: 1) Elevated relatedness within groups, compared to among groups, and elevated relatedness within reefs compared to among reefs; 2) A weak negative correlation of relatedness with distance; 3) More juveniles than would be expected by chance in the same group and the same reef as their parents. We provide the first example for natal philopatry at the group level causing small-scale patterns of genetic relatedness in a marine fish. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Gene expression correlates of social evolution in coral reef butterflyfishes
<p>Animals display remarkable variation in social behavior. However, outside of rodents, little is known about the neural mechanisms of social variation, and whether they are shared across species and sexes, limiting our understanding of how sociality evolves. Using coral reef butterflyfishes, we examined gene expression correlates of social variation (i.e., pair bonding vs. solitary living) within and between species and sexes. In several brain regions, we quantified gene expression of receptors important for social variation in mammals: oxytocin (<i>OTR</i>), arginine vasopressin (<i>V1aR</i>), dopamine (<i>D1R, D2R</i>), and mu-opioid (<i>MOR</i>). We found that social variation across individuals of the oval butterflyfish, <i>Chaetodon lunulatus,</i> is linked to differences in <i>OTR</i>,<i>V1aR, D1R, D2R, </i>and <i>MOR</i> gene expression within several forebrain regions in a sexually dimorphic manner. However, this contrasted with social variation among six species representing a single evolutionary transition from pair bonded to solitary living. Here, <i>OTR </i>expression within the supracommissural part of the ventral telencephalon was higher in pair bonded than solitary species, specifically in males. These results contribute to the emerging idea that nonapeptide, dopamine, and opioid signaling is a central theme to the evolution of sociality across individuals, although the precise mechanism may be flexible across sexes and species.</p>
Data from: High rates of carbon and dinitrogen fixation suggest a critical role of benthic pioneer communities in the energy and nutrient dynamics of coral reefs
<p>1. Following coral mortality in tropical reefs, pioneer communities dominated by filamentous and crustose algae efficiently colonize substrates previously occupied by coral tissue. This phenomenon is particularly common after mass coral mortality following prolonged bleaching events associated with marine heatwaves.</p> <p>2. Pioneer communities play an important role for the biological succession and reorganization of reefs after disturbance. However, their significance for critical ecosystem functions previously mediated by corals, such as the efficient cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) within the reef, remains uncertain.</p> <p>3. We used 96 carbonate tiles to simulate the occurrence of bare substrates after disturbance in a coral reef of the central Red Sea. We measured rates of C and dinitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) fixation of pioneer communities on these tiles monthly over an entire year. Coupled with elemental and stable isotope analyses, these measurements provide insights into macronutrient acquisition, export, and the influence of seasonality.</p> <p>4. Pioneer communities exhibited high rates of C and N<sub>2</sub> fixation within 4 – 8 weeks after the introduction of experimental bare substrates. Ranging from 13 to 25 μmol C cm<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> and 8 to 54 nmol N cm<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, C and N<sub>2</sub> fixation rates were comparable to reported values for established Red Sea coral reefs. This similarity indicates that pioneer communities may quickly compensate for the loss of benthic productivity by corals. Notably, between 40 and 85% of fixed organic C was exported into the environment, constituting a vital source of energy for the coral reef food web.</p> <p>5. Our findings suggest that benthic pioneer communities may play a crucial, yet overlooked role in the C and N dynamics of oligotrophic coral reefs by contributing to the input of new C and N after coral mortality. While not substituting other critical ecosystem functions provided by corals (e.g. structural habitat complexity and coastal protection), pioneer communities likely contribute to maintaining coral reef nutrient cycling through the accumulation of biomass and import of macronutrients following coral loss.</p>
Best-practice forestry management delivers diminishing returns for coral reefs with increased land-clearing
<p>Protection of coastal ecosystems from deforestation may be the best way to protect coral reefs from sediment runoff. However, given the importance of generating economic activities for coastal livelihoods, the prohibition of development is often not feasible. In light of this, logging codes-of-practice have been developed to mitigate the impacts of logging on downstream ecosystems. However, no studies have assessed whether managed land-clearing can occur in tandem with coral reef conservation goals.</p> <p>This study quantifies the impacts of current land use and the risk of potential logging activities on downstream coral reef condition and fisheries using a novel suite of linked land-sea models, using Kolombangara Island in the Solomon Islands as a case study. Further, we examine the ability of erosion reduction strategies stipulated in logging codes-of-practice to reduce these impacts as clearing extent increases.</p> <p>We found that with present-day land use, reductions in live and branching coral cover and increases in turf algae were associated with exposure to sediment runoff from catchments and log ponds. Critically, reductions in fish grazer abundance and biomass were associated with increasing sediment runoff, a functional group that accounts for ~25% of subsistence fishing. At low clearing extents, although best management practices minimises the exposure of coral reefs to increased runoff, it would still result in 32% of the reef experiencing an increase in sediment exposure. If clearing extent increased, best management practices would have no impact, with a staggering 89% of coral reef area at risk compared to logging with no management.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Assessing trade-offs between coastal development and protection of marine resources is a challenge for decision makers globally. Although development activities requiring clearing can be important for livelihoods, our results demonstrate that new logging in intact forest risks downstream resources important for both food and livelihood security. Importantly, our approach allows for spatially-explicit recommendations for where terrestrial management might best complement marine management. Finally, given the critical degradation feedback loops that increased sediment runoff can reinforce on coral reefs, minimising sediment runoff could play an important role in helping coral reefs recover from climate-related disturbances.</p>
Data from: Trophic plasticity in a common reef-building coral: Insights from δ13C analysis of essential amino acids
1. Reef-building corals are mixotrophic organisms that can obtain nutrition from endosymbiotic microalgae (autotrophy) and particle capture (heterotrophy). Heterotrophic nutrition is highly beneficial to many corals, particularly in times of stress. Yet the extent to which different coral species rely on heterotrophic nutrition remains largely unknown because it is challenging to quantify. 2. We developed a quantitative approach to investigate coral nutrition using carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of six essential amino acids (AAESS) in a common Indo-Pacific coral (Pocillopora meandrina) from the fore reef habitat of Palmyra Atoll. We sampled particulate organic matter (POM) and zooplankton as the dominant heterotrophic food sources in addition to the coral host and endosymbionts. We also measured bulk tissue carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of each sample type. 3. Patterns among δ13C values of individual AAESS provided complete separation between the autotrophic (endosymbionts) and heterotrophic nutritional sources. In contrast, bulk tissue δ13C and δ15N values were highly variable across the putative food sources and among the coral and endosymbiont fractions, preventing accurate estimates of coral nutrition on Palmyra. 4. We used linear discriminant analysis to quantify differences among patterns of AAESS δ13C values, or 'fingerprints', of the food resources available to corals. This allowed for the development of a quantitative continuum of coral nutrition that can identify the relative contribution of autotrophic and heterotopic nutrition to individual colonies. Our approach revealed exceptional variation in conspecific colonies at scales of meters to kilometers. On average, 41% of AAESS in P. meandrina on Palmyra are acquired via heterotrophy but some colonies appear capable of obtaining the majority of AAESS from one source or the other. 5. The use of AAESS δ13C fingerprinting analysis offers a significant improvement on the current methods for quantitatively assessing coral trophic ecology. We anticipate that this approach will facilitate studies of coral nutrition in the field, which are essential for comparing coral trophic ecology across taxa and multiple spatial scales. Such information will be critical for understanding the role of heterotrophic nutrition in coral resistance and/or resilience to ongoing environmental change.
Evolutionary biogeography of the reef-building coral genus Galaxea across the Indo-Pacific ocean
<p>Stony corals (Scleractinia) form the basis for some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, but we have much to learn about their evolutionary history and systematic relationships. In order to improve our understanding of species in corals, we here investigated phylogenetic relationships between morphologically defined species and genetic lineages in the genus <em>Galaxea</em> (Euphyllidae) using a combined phylogenomic and phylogeographic approach. Previous studies revealed the nominal species <em>G. fascicularis</em> included three genetically well-differentiated lineages (L, S & L+) in the western Pacific, but their distribution and relationship to other species in the genus were unknown. Based on genomic (RAD-seq) and mitochondrial sequence data (non-coding region between <em>cytb</em> and <em>ND2</em>) we investigated whether the morphological taxa represent genetically coherent entities and what is the phylogenetic relationship and spatial distribution of the three lineages of <em>G. fascicularis</em> throughout the observed species range. Using the RAD-seq data, we find that the genus Galaxea is monophyletic and contains three distinct clades: an Indo-Pacific, a Pacific, and a small clade restricted to the Chagos Archipelago. The three lineages of <em>G. fascicularis</em> were associated with different RAD-seq clades, with the 'L' lineage showing some morphological distinction from the other two lineages (larger more asymmetrical polyps). In addition to these, three more genetic lineages in <em>G. fascicularis</em> may be distinguished – a Chagossian, an Ogasawaran, and one from the Indian-Red Sea. Among nominal taxa for which we have multiple samples, <em>G. horrescens</em> was the only monophyletic species. The mitochondrial non-coding region is highly conserved apart from the length polymorphism used to define L, S & L+ lineages and lacks the power to distinguish morphological and genetic groups resolved with genomic RAD-sequencing. The polyphyletic nature of most species warrants a careful examination of the accepted taxonomy of this group with voucher collections and their comparison to type specimens to resolve species boundaries. Further insight to the speciation process in corals will require international cooperation for the sharing of specimens to facilitate scientific discovery.</p>
Mortality, growth and reproduction in five species of scleractinian corals following bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998
<p><em><strong>Study sites</strong></em>: These data were collected on the fringing reefs on the west side of Orpheus Island at Little Pioneer Bay (S18.594°, E146.485°), and the south-eastern side of Pelorus Island (S18.560°, E146.500°). Both islands are continental islands of the Palm Islands group in the Central Section of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park. These sites were amongst the worst affected by bleaching on the GBR following a sharp rise in sea surface temperature in the early months of 1998 (Berkelmans and Oliver 1999)</p> <p><em><strong>Species response to and recovery from high Sea Surface Temperature (SST</strong></em>): On 24 March 1998, all living colonies of <em>Acropora millepora </em>(n = 37) and <em>A. hyacinthus</em> (n = 28) in a 20 m × 40 m area between 3-4 m deep on the fringing reef of south-east of Pelorus Island were tagged to examine the patterns of response to, and recovery from, high SST. Similarly, all colonies of <em>Seriatopora hystrix</em> at 10 m depth within a 5 by 40 m area at this site were tagged (n=27). <em>Platygyra daedalea</em> (n = 28) and <em>Porites lobata </em>(n = 14) at 3-4 m depth in an area of approximately 50 m × 10 m were tagged at Little Pioneer Bay on Orpheus Island. The extent of colony bleaching was classified into 6 categories following Marshall and Baird (2000): 1 = no bleaching; 2 = uniformly pale; 3 = 1-50; 4 = 51-99; 5 = 100% bleached, and 6 = dead. Colonies that were fluorescent were categorized as 100% bleached. The extent of colony bleaching was estimated on six occasions following the initial report of bleaching at these sites on 10 February 1998 (Hoegh-Guldberg 1999).</p> <p><em><strong>Colony size:</strong></em> The size of <em>P. daedalea</em> colonies was determined from the maximum colony diameter of colonies at the initial census, which ranged from 10 to 40 cm. The projected area of the two species of <em>Acropora</em> was estimated from digitized photos of the colonies. The volume of <em>Seriatopora hystrix</em> was estimated by multiplying maximum diameter width x the perpendicular of maximum colony diameter x maximum colony height. All lengths were measured to the nearest cm with a tape measure.</p> <p><em><strong>Partial mortality</strong></em>: Partial mortality was estimated as the proportion of the pre-bleaching tissue lost within each colony, estimated to the nearest 5%. Values ranged from zero (escape from injury) through various amounts of injury (partial mortality) to 100% (whole-colony mortality). Alternatively, in <em>Seriatopora hystrix</em> a categorical scale identical to the bleaching categories described above was used.</p> <p>References</p> <p>Berkelmans R, Oliver JK (1999) Large-scale bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 18:55-60</p> <p>Hoegh-Guldberg O (1999) Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs. Mar Freshwat Res 50:839-866</p> <p>Marshall PA, Baird AH (2000) Bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef: differential susceptibilities among taxa. Coral Reefs 19:155-163</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.