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416 results for “farmland”
Taxonomic and functional homogenization of farmland birds along an urbanization gradient in a tropical megacity
<p>Urbanization is a major driver of land use change and biodiversity decline. While most of the ongoing and future urbanization hot spots are located in the Global South, the impact of urban expansion on agricultural biodiversity and associated functions and services in these regions has widely been neglected. Additionally, most studies assess biodiversity responses at local scale (α-diversity), however, ecosystem functioning is strongly determined by compositional and functional turnover of communities (β-diversity) at regional scales. We investigated taxonomic and functional β-diversity of farmland birds across three seasons on 36 vegetable farms spread along a continuous urbanization gradient in Bangalore, a South Indian megacity. Increasing amount of grey area in the farm surroundings was the dominant driver affecting β-diversity and resulting in taxonomic and functional homogenization of farmland bird communities. Functional diversity losses were higher than expected from species declines (i.e. urbanization acts as an environmental filter), with particular losses of functionally important groups such as insectivores of crop pests. Moreover, urbanization reduced functional redundancy of bird communities, which may further weaken ecosystems resilience to future perturbations. Our study underscores urbanization as a major driver of taxonomic and functional homogenization of species communities in agricultural systems, potentially threatening crucial ecosystem services for food production.</p>
Distribution. CE Madagascar, known only from its type locality, the Sahafina Forest (29-230 m above sea level), a lowland rainforest fragment of 15-6 km2, and its surrounding "savoka" (fallow farmland with cultivated trees), about 58 km E of Andasibe-Mantadia National Park and 18 km W of the Indian Ocean. The geographic range is presumably limited to the lowland areas (below 700 m) between the Mangoro River to the S and the Rianila River to the N, an area of about 7600 km?2. in Cheirogaleidae
Distribution. CE Madagascar, known only from its type locality, the Sahafina Forest (29-230 m above sea level), a lowland rainforest fragment of 15-6 km2, and its surrounding "savoka" (fallow farmland with cultivated trees), about 58 km E of Andasibe-Mantadia National Park and 18 km W of the Indian Ocean. The geographic range is presumably limited to the lowland areas (below 700 m) between the Mangoro River to the S and the Rianila River to the N, an area of about 7600 km?2.
Increasing landscape complexity enhances species richness of farmland arthropods, agri-environment schemes also abundance–A meta-analysis
<p>Article dataset</p>
Why do open-farmland specialist birds prefer small fields? The evaluation of mechanisms using a cross-border study
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Data from: How much would it cost to monitor farmland biodiversity in Europe?
To evaluate progress on political biodiversity objectives, biodiversity monitoring provides information on whether intended results are being achieved. Despite scientific proof that monitoring and evaluation increase the (cost) efficiency of policy measures, cost estimates for monitoring schemes are seldom available, hampering their inclusion in policy programme budgets. Empirical data collected from 12 case studies across Europe were used in a power analysis to estimate the number of farms that would need to be sampled per major farm type to detect changes in species richness over time for four taxa (vascular plants, earthworms, spiders and bees). A sampling design was developed to allocate spatially, across Europe, the farms that should be sampled. Cost estimates are provided for nine monitoring scenarios with differing robustness for detecting temporal changes in species numbers. These cost estimates are compared with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) budget (2014–2020) to determine the budget allocation required for the proposed farmland biodiversity monitoring. Results show that the bee indicator requires the highest number of farms to be sampled and the vascular plant indicator the lowest. The costs for the nine farmland biodiversity monitoring scenarios corresponded to 0·01%–0·74% of the total CAP budget and to 0·04%–2·48% of the CAP budget specifically allocated to environmental targets. Synthesis and applications. The results of the cost scenarios demonstrate that, based on the taxa and methods used in this study, a Europe-wide farmland biodiversity monitoring scheme would require a modest share of the Common Agricultural Policy budget. The monitoring scenarios are flexible and can be adapted or complemented with alternate data collection options (e.g. at national scale or voluntary efforts), data mobilization, data integration or modelling efforts.
Figure 3 in The role of artificial ponds in maintaining dragonfly populations in an intensified farmland landscape. A case of study in Zamora, Spain
Figure 3. MDS two-dimensional plot (stress = 0.17) representing the samples of the four systems (Bray-Curtis index, square-root transformed abundances).
Figure 2 in The role of artificial ponds in maintaining dragonfly populations in an intensified farmland landscape. A case of study in Zamora, Spain
Figure 2. Estimated mean ± SE of dragonfly (A) richness, (B) abundance, and (C) Shannon's index values for each system (pond, reservoir, stream, and river).
An increase in food production in Europe could dramatically affect farmland biodiversity
<p><strong>Supplementary Data. Detailed average yield per region, and organic and non-organic management systems per crop type in MJ/ha (</strong><strong>+/- standard error) </strong><strong>in ten European farmland regions</strong>. Details on regions and country abbreviations are given in Supplementary Table 1.</p>
Do human infrastructures shape nest distribution in the landscape depending on individual personality in a farmland bird of prey?
<p>1. Individuals´ distribution across habitats may depend on their personality. Human activities and infrastructures are critical elements of the landscape that may impact the habitat selection process. However, depending on their personality, individuals may respond differently to these unnatural elements.</p> <p>2. In the present study, we first investigated whether some human infrastructures (buildings, roads and paths) shaped Montagu's harrier nest spatial distribution in the landscape according to female personality (boldness). Second, we tested if the reproductive success of females depended on their boldness and nest location regarding infrastructures.</p> <p>3. Using a long-term (19 years) data set, we calculated the distance from each nest to the nearest infrastructure type and the density of each infrastructure type around the nest. We tested the effects of female boldness (bold vs. shy) and its interaction with egg-laying date on these six metrics.</p> <p>4. Nest location in the landscape depended on female personality and on some human infrastructures: the building density was smaller around nests from shy females than from bold ones. Nest distribution related to other infrastructure metrics did not depend on female boldness. The pattern related to building density is consistent with some habitat choice hypotheses which are discussed. Path density around nests negatively affected reproductive success regardless of female boldness, and late breeders nested further away from paths than early breeders. Human activities on paths (more common later in the season) could lead to disturbance and a decrease in parental care, reducing reproductive success.</p> <p>5. Increasing human presence in farmlands implies a need to better understand its impact on population composition, in terms of personality. Our results suggest that individual behavioural differences should be taken into account in studies assessing the effects of human disturbance on animal populations, to propose more appropriate conservation measures.</p>
Nonideal nest box selection by tree swallows breeding in farmlands: evidence for an ecological trap?
<p>Animals are expected to select a breeding habitat using cues that should reflect, directly or not, the fitness outcome of the different habitat options. However, human-induced environmental changes can alter the relationships between habitat characteristics and their fitness consequences, leading to maladaptive habitat choices. The most severe case of such nonideal habitat selection is the ecological trap, which occurs when individuals prefer to settle in poor-quality habitats while better ones are available. Here we studied the adaptiveness of nest box selection in a tree swallow (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) population breeding over a 10-year period in a network of 400 nest boxes distributed along a gradient of agricultural intensification in southern Québec, Canada. We first examined the effects of multiple environmental and social habitat characteristics on nest box preference to identify potential settlement cues. We then assessed the links between those cues and habitat quality as defined by the reproductive performance of individuals that settled early or late in nest boxes. We found that tree swallows preferred nesting in open habitats with high cover of perennial forage crops, high spring insect biomass, and high density of house sparrows (<i>Passer domesticus</i>), their main competitors for nest sites. They also preferred nesting where the density of breeders and their mean number of fledglings during the previous year were high. However, we detected mismatches between preference and habitat quality for several environmental variables. The density of competitors and conspecific social information showed severe mismatches, as their relationships to preference and breeding success went in opposite direction under certain circumstances. Spring food availability and agricultural landscape context, while related to preferences, were not related to breeding success. Overall, our study emphasizes the complexity of habitat selection behavior and provides evidence that multiple mechanisms may potentially lead to an ecological trap in farmlands. </p>
Habitat use and foraging parameters of breeding Skylarks indicate no seasonal decrease in food availability in heterogeneous farmland
<p>Reduced food availability during chick raising is a major driver of farmland bird declines. For the Eurasian Skylark (<i>Alauda arvensis</i>), food availability is determined by various factors (i.e., arthropod abundance/diversity, accessibility of the vegetation, distance to foraging sites). In modern farmland, it is supposed to decrease over the breeding season due to less penetrable vegetation. We explored foraging habitat selection by chick-raising Skylarks with a focus on the seasonal dynamics of habitat use and food availability. We investigated i) habitat selection concerning prey biomass/diversity, vegetation cover, and distance to foraging sites, ii) the overall and seasonal habitat use, and iii) seasonal developments of foraging parameters (e.g., the feeding frequency) as indicators of food availability. We collected data on foraging habitats and foraging parameters of chick-raising Skylark pairs at 51 nests from a Central European population in 2018 and 2019. Prey biomass/diversity and vegetation cover were measured for all habitats around 42 of these nests. As revealed by multivariate and compositional analyses, Skylarks mainly selected foraging habitats based on the proximity to nests. The most frequent habitats within home ranges could not be ranked according to an overall importance for foraging and their use partially changed over time. The feeding frequency increased throughout the breeding season, while other foraging parameters did not show significant changes. In contrast to our expectations, our data indicated therefore an increase, not a decrease in food availability in the late breeding season. This also implies that the habitat use was constantly suitable to raise offspring. We interpret this to be a consequence of the heterogeneous farmland composition of the study area that enabled Skylarks to establish a diverse home range and to benefit from synergetic effects of neighboring habitat types. Thus, our findings provide support for the high importance of crop diversity in Skylark conservation.</p>
Site observation data of farmland sites in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, China
<p>The meteorological data from the cropland site used to drive the model mainly includes downwelling longwave and shortwave radiation, precipitation, surface pressure, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed. The file of meteorological forcing data is named "site_airforcing"</p> <p>Plants were collected at key growth stages of rice and winter wheat. The carbon and nitrogen content of each plant part was measured using an elemental analyzer (Flash Smart, Thermo Fisher, Germany). The file of plant carbon and nitrogen content data during the growing season is named "plant_CN"</p>
Factors shaping insectivorous farmland bird abundance in intensively cultivated arable fields: insights through the former Iron Curtain
<p>Data set to the results of the research article published in Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.</p>
Silver Agri Age: Longevity, Intrinsic Capacity and Cognitive Impairment Into Farmlands and Natural Environments: Updating Contexts Following the "Montessori" Action
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06754202. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Interactive effects of multiscale diversification practices on farmland bird stress
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Data from: Sensitivity of the farmland bird community to crop diversification in Sweden: does the CAP fit?
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Nonideal nest box selection by tree swallows breeding in farmlands: evidence for an ecological trap?
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Data from: Testing scale-dependent effects of semi-natural habitats on farmland biodiversity
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Data from: Phenology of farmland floral resources reveals seasonal gaps in nectar availability for bumblebees
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Data from: The importance of size, location and vegetation composition of perennial fallows for farmland birds
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.