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528 results for “killifish”
FIGURE 9 in A proposal for a new generic structure of the killifish family Aphaniidae, with the description of Aphaniops teimorii (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)
FIGURE 9. Records of Aphanius species.
The eye size of the bluefin killifish (Lucania goodei) varies from springs to swamps
<p>Variation in lighting environments creates different demands of visual systems for the successful detection and interpretation of visual signals in a given setting. Eye size is a critical property of the visual system as it is has strong effects on visual acuity and visual sensitivity. While many comparative studies have examined eye size across fishes that live in disparate lighting environments (i.e., caves versus surface habitats, mesopelagic versus pelagic depths, turbid versus clear water), fewer have investigated differences in eye size as a function of water clarity at the among population - within species level. Here, we compared relative eye size (eye size residuals on standard length) between wild-caught individuals from swamps and springs and across four drainages in Florida. We also performed a laboratory experiment where we reared animals in clear or tea-stained water, which mimic spring and swamp conditions to determine whether phenotypic plasticity as a function of lighting conditions influences relative eye size. Field caught animals greatly varied in relative eye size among populations, but there was no clear relationship with lighting environment. Fish from southern populations (where swamps are common) had greater relative eye size than those from northern populations (where springs are common). However, in North Florida, bluefin killifish from swamps had smaller eyes than those from springs. This is consistent with the results of our laboratory rearing experiment, which indicated that animals raised in tea-stained water had slightly smaller eyes than those raised in clear water conditions. These two disparate patterns suggest that the determinants of eye size are currently unknown.</p>
Figures 1-2 from: Guedes GHS, Salgado FLK, Uehara W, de Pavia Ferreira DL, Araújo FG (2020) The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54982
Figures 1-2 Specimens of Leptopanchax opalescens: (1) female, 24.0 mm TL, hyaline bode and fins; (2) male, 28.8 mm TL). Letters indicating patterns of body and fin color in male: (a) red band on the distal margins of the dorsal and anal fins; (b) gold band below and parallel to the red band in the dorsal fin; (c) red body with diffuse light spots; (d) vermiculate red spots in the anal fin. More photos are available in the Fig. S1). Scale bar: 5 mm.
Supplementary material 2 from: Guedes GHS, Salgado FLK, Uehara W, de Pavia Ferreira DL, Araújo FG (2020) The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54982
Table S1. References for the occurrence of Leptopanchax opalescens and synonyms as shown in Fig, 2.
Figure 6 from: Guedes GHS, Salgado FLK, Uehara W, de Pavia Ferreira DL, Araújo FG (2020) The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54982
Figure 6 Length-weight relationship (LWR) of Leptopanchax opalescens in the Guandu River Basin, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Figure 5 from: Guedes GHS, Salgado FLK, Uehara W, de Pavia Ferreira DL, Araújo FG (2020) The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54982
Figure 5 Monthly average and standard deviation (vertical dashes) of the catch per unit area (CPUA: number of individuals/m2) of Leptopanchax. opalescens between November 2019 and April 2020.
Figures 3-4 from: Guedes GHS, Salgado FLK, Uehara W, de Pavia Ferreira DL, Araújo FG (2020) The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54982
Figures 3-4 (3) Map of recorded occurrences of Leptopanchax opalescens in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (red dots). The black dot indicates the new record in this study. References of occurrences (1, base of the Serra de Petropolis; 2, villages of Cava and Tinguá; 3, Horto Florestal Santa Cruz, in Seropédica, RJ; 4, Training camp of the Brazilian Army in Gericinó, Rio de Janeiro; and 5, a terrain of the BRF S.A. in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro) available in the Table S1. (4) Photographic record of temporary pools flooded with marginal vegetation predominantly composed of grasses, in the municipality of Seropédica, RJ.
Data from: Diurnal lighting patterns and habitat alter opsin expression and colour preferences in a killifish
Spatial variation in lighting environments frequently leads to population variation in colour patterns, colour preferences and visual systems. Yet lighting conditions also vary diurnally, and many aspects of visual systems and behaviour vary over this time scale. Here, we use the bluefin killifish (Lucania goodei) to compare how diurnal variation and habitat variation (clear versus tannin-stained water) affect opsin expression and the preference to peck at different-coloured objects. Opsin expression was generally lowest at midnight and dawn, and highest at midday and dusk, and this diurnal variation was many times greater than variation between habitats. Pecking preference was affected by both diurnal and habitat variation but did not correlate with opsin expression. Rather, pecking preference matched lighting conditions, with higher preferences for blue at noon and for red at dawn/dusk, when these wavelengths are comparatively scarce. Similarly, blue pecking preference was higher in tannin-stained water where blue wavelengths are reduced. In conclusion, L. goodei exhibits strong diurnal cycles of opsin expression, but these are not tightly correlated with light intensity or colour. Temporally variable pecking preferences probably result from lighting environment rather than from opsin production. These results may have implications for the colour pattern diversity observed in these fish.
Data from: Predator-driven brain size evolution in natural populations of Trinidadian killifish (Rivulus hartii)
Vertebrates exhibit extensive variation in relative brain size. It has long been assumed that this variation is the product of ecologically driven natural selection. Yet, despite more than 100 years of research, the ecological conditions that select for changes in brain size are unclear. Recent laboratory selection experiments showed that selection for larger brains is associated with increased survival in risky environments. Such results lead to the prediction that increased predation should favour increased brain size. Work on natural populations, however, foreshadows the opposite trajectory of evolution; increased predation favours increased boldness, slower learning, and may thereby select for a smaller brain. We tested the influence of predator-induced mortality on brain size evolution by quantifying brain size variation in a Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii, from communities that differ in predation intensity. We observed strong genetic differences in male (but not female) brain size between fish communities; second generation laboratory-reared males from sites with predators exhibited smaller brains than Rivulus from sites in which they are the only fish present. Such trends oppose the results of recent laboratory selection experiments and are not explained by trade-offs with other components of fitness. Our results suggest that increased male brain size is favoured in less risky environments because of the fitness benefits associated with faster rates of learning and problem-solving behaviour.
Data from: A test for environmental effects on behavioral isolation in two species of killifish
Behavioral isolation is a common and potent mechanism of reproductive isolation. Determining the extent to which behavioral isolation varies with environmental conditions is critical to understanding speciation and the maintenance of species boundaries. Here, we tested the effect of salinity on behavioral isolation (female species recognition, male-male competition, male species recognition) between two closely related killifish (Lucania goodei and L. parva) that differ in salinity tolerance. We performed no-choice assays and behavioral trials where males could compete and court females in fresh water (0 ppt) and brackish water (15 ppt). We found high levels of behavioral isolation that did not vary as a function of salinity. In behavioral trials, male species recognition of females was strong and asymmetric between the two species. Lucania goodei males preferred conspecifics and rarely courted or mated with L. parva females. Lucania parva males preferred conspecifics but readily courted and mated with L. goodei females. This asymmetry matches previously documented asymmetries in hybrid offspring fitness. Crosses between L. parva males and L. goodei females produce fully viable/fertile hybrids, but crosses between L. goodei males and L. parva females produce males with reduced fertility. Hence, behavioral isolation may have evolved in part due to reinforcement.
FIGURE 6 in Moema apurinan sp. n. and Aphyolebias boticarioi sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new annual killifishes from the Rio Purus basin, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution of species of the genus Aphyolebias.
FIGURE 3 in Moema apurinan sp. n. and Aphyolebias boticarioi sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new annual killifishes from the Rio Purus basin, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of species of the genus Moema.
FIGURE 5. Aphyosemion pamaense, MRAC B2-08-P-2 in Aphyosemion pamaense, a new killifish species (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from Cameroon
FIGURE 5. Aphyosemion pamaense, MRAC B2-08-P-2, female paratype, preserved in ethanol.
FIGURE 4 in Aphyosemion pamaense, a new killifish species (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from Cameroon
FIGURE 4. Aphyosemion pamaense, holotype, preserved in ethanol.
Fig. 3 in Two new seasonal killifishes of the Austrolebias adloffi group from the Lagoa dos Patos basin, southern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae)
Fig. 3. Austrolebias pelotapes, topotype, male, not preserved (photograph by Matheus V. Volcan).
Figure 4 in Morphogeometric and genetic variations among North African populations of the Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821) from different habitats
Figure 4. – Neighbour-joining tree on genetic distances D (Reynolds et al., 1983) between A. fasciatus samples from four North African habitats.
Data for Interindividual variation in maximum aerobic metabolism varies with gill morphology and myocardial bioenergetics in Gulf killifish
<p>This study asked whether interindividual variation in maximum and standard aerobic metabolic rates of the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, correlate with gill morphology and cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics, traits reflecting critical steps in the O<sup>2</sup> transport cascade from the environment to the tissues. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR) was positively related to body mass, total gill filament length, and myocardial oxygen consumption during maximum oxidative phosphorylation (multiple R<sup>2</sup> = 0.836). Standard metabolic rate (SMR) was positively related to body mass, total gill filament length, and myocardial oxygen consumption during maximum electron transport system activity (multiple R<sup>2</sup> = 0.717). After controlling for body mass, individuals with longer gill filaments, summed over all gill arches, or greater cardiac respiratory capacity had higher whole-animal metabolic rates. The overall model fit and the explanatory power of individual predictor variables were better for MMR than for SMR, suggesting that gill morphology and myocardial bioenergetics are more important in determining maximum rather than resting metabolism. After controlling for body mass, heart ventricle mass was not related to variation in MMR or SMR, indicating that the quality of the heart (i.e., the capacity for mitochondrial metabolism) was more influential than heart size. Finally, myocardial oxygen consumption required to offset the dissipation of the transmembrane proton gradient in the absence of ATP synthesis was not correlated with either MMR or SMR. The results support the idea that interindividual variation in aerobic metabolism, particularly MMR, is associated with variation in specific steps in the O<sup>2</sup> transport cascade.</p>
Sex chromosome differentiation via changes in the Y chromosome repeat landscape in African annual killifishes Nothobranchius furzeri and N. kadleci
<p><span>Repetitive DNA represents an important driver of sex chromosome differentiation. Yet repetitive sequences tend to be misrepresented or overlooked in genomic studies. We analysed repetitive landscape of sex chromosomes in several populations of a turquoise killifish <em>Nothobranchius</em> <em>furzeri</em> and its sister species <em>N</em>. <em>kadleci</em> (Teleostei: Nothobranchiidae), representatives of African annual killifishes with high rate of karyotype and sex chromosome evolution. We combined bioinformatic analyses of repeatome with molecular cytogenetic techniques such as comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization with satellite sequences, genes for ribosomal RNAs (rDNA) and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and immunostaining of </span><span>SYCP3 and MLH1 proteins, which marked lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes and recombination sites, respectively</span><span>. We revealed that <em>N</em>. <em>furzeri</em> and <em>N</em>. <em>kadleci</em> share the XY sex chromosome system, which is thus much older than previously assumed. Sex chromosomes are mostly heteromorphic as evidenced by distinct distribution of satellite DNAs and major rDNA. Yet, the heteromorphic X and Y sex chromosomes pair almost exclusively regularly in meiosis, which implies synaptic adjustment. Physical mapping of BACs identified inversions on Y chromosomes of the <em>N</em>. <em>kadleci</em> populations, similar to the pattern previously reported in <em>N</em>. <em>furzeri</em>. Yet, the repetitive DNA landscape of X and Y sex chromosomes either diverged in parallel in populations of both species, or it evolved in their common ancestor and thus predates the inversions. The observed differentiation via repeat repatterning thus cannot be explained by the classical sexual antagonistic model. Rather, we hypothesized that relaxed meiotic drive and recombination reduced by neutral processes could drive changes in repeatome and secondary inversions could be maintained </span><span>by sexually antagonistic regulatory effects resulting from evolution of dosage compensation. </span><span><br></span></p>
Data for: Transplant experiments demonstrate that larger brains are favored in high competition environments in Trinidadian killifish
<p><span>The extent to which the evolution of a larger brain is adaptive remains controversial. Trinidadian killifish (<em>Anablepsoides hartii</em>) are found in sites that differ in predation intensity; fish that experience decreased predation and increased intraspecific competition exhibit larger brains. We evaluated the connection between brain size and fitness (survival and growth) when killifish are found in their native habitats and when fish are transplanted from sites with predators to high-competition sites that lack predators. Selection for a larger brain was absent within locally adapted populations. Conversely, there was a strong positive relationship between brain size and growth in transplanted but not resident fish in high-competition environments. We also observed significantly larger brain sizes in the transplanted fish that were recaptured at the end of the experiment versus those that were not. Our results provide experimental support that larger brains increase fitness and are favored in high-competition environments.<br><br></span></p>
Figure 9 from: Costa WJEM (2017) Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the central Brazilian Cerrado savanna (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). ZooKeys 645: 51-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.645.10920
Figure 9 - Diagrammatic representation of the colour pattern on the ventral surface of the head in females of Melanorivulus regularis, UFRJ 6879, 28.5 mm SL. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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