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Figure 1: X-ray di®raction pattern for TiO2/CdS composites samples-PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TIO2/CDS LAYERS AS POTENTIAL PHOTOELECTROCATALYTIC MATERIALS
<p>Fig. 1 shows the X-ray di®raction pattern for TiO2/CdS<br> composites (sample TC 1, TC 2, TC 3 and TC 4). The di®raction pattern of<br> the TiO2/CdS composites exhibits the di®raction peaks owning to CdS phase<br> (hexagonal and cubic). TiO2 (rutile and anatase) phases were also detected.</p>
Data for: Manta rays in the Maldives foraging either in groups or solo
<p>Flexibility in animal foraging strategies can increase overall feeding efficiency. For example, group foraging can increase the efficiency of resource exploitation; conversely, solo foraging can reduce intraspecific competition, particularly at low resource densities. The cost-benefit trade-off of such flexibility is likely to differ within and among individuals. Reef manta rays (<em>Mobula alfredi</em>) are large filter-feeding elasmobranchs that often aggregate to feed on ephemeral upwellings of zooplankton. Over three years in the Maldives, we free-dived to film 3106 foraging events involving 343 individually identifiable <em>M. alfredi</em>. Individuals fed either solo or in groups with a clear leader plus between one and eight followers. <em>M. alfredi</em> were significantly more likely to forage in groups than solo at high zooplankton levels, and at certain locations. Both biotic and abiotic factors contributed to variation in group foraging. Within aggregations, individuals foraged in larger groups when more food was available, and when the overall aggregation was relatively small suggesting that foraging in large groups was more beneficial when food was abundant, and/or the costs of intraspecific competition were outweighed by the efficiency resulting from group foraging strategies. Females, the larger sex, were more likely to lead foraging groups than males. The high within-individual variance (over 55%), suggested individuals were unpredictable across all foraging behaviours, thus individual <em>M. alfredi</em> cannot be classified into foraging types or specialists. Instead, each individual was capable of considerable behavioural flexibility, as predicted for a species reliant on spatially and temporally ephemeral resources.</p>
Multienergy Fan Beam Computed Tomography Dataset of a Bird Chest Imaged with 3 Different X-ray Spectra
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>This dataset is a collection of X-ray projection data of a biological imaging phantom (a bird chest) imaged in an X-ray microtomography scanner, using three different X-ray spectra. The dataset also includes a metadata file for each of the scans, specifying the scan geometry and other important scan parameters, as well as photographs and example reconstructions. The dataset is designed for use in algorithm development for multienergy computed tomography.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p><em>Sample Information</em></p> <p>The sample is the chest of a common quail (<em>Coturnix coturnix</em>) bird obtained frozen from a local supermarket. The chest section of the frozen bird was removed using a handsaw, and left to melt and settle in a sample holder before imaging.</p> <p><em>Scanner</em></p> <p>The measurement data were acquired using an X-ray microtomography scanner in the University of Helsinki Micro-CT Laboratory. The scanner uses cone beam geometry and it is equipped with an end-window tube with a tungsten target.</p> <p><em>Scan Settings</em></p> <p>The dataset consists of three consecutive scans made using identical geometry but different X-ray spectra and detector exposure times. For each scan, 720 X-ray projections were acquired using an angle increment of 0.5 degrees. Multiple frames were averaged for each projection in order to increase signal-to-noise ratio. The scan geometry and the energy-specific settings are summarized in the following two tables.</p> <p><strong>Table 1.</strong> Imaging geometry used for collecting the data.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Parameter</strong></td> <td><strong>Value</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Focus-center distance</td> <td>252 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Focus-detector distance</td> <td>420 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Geometric magnification</td> <td>5/2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Detector pixel size</td> <td>0.200 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Effective pixel size</td> <td>0.120 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Projection size</td> <td>552 x 576 pixels</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Angular range</td> <td>360'</td> </tr> <tr> <td>#projections</td> <td>720</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Table 2.</strong> Energy-specific settings used for collecting the data.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Energy label</td> <td><em>U</em> (kV)</td> <td>Filtration</td> <td><em>I</em> (μA)</td> <td>Exposure time (ms)</td> <td>Frame averaging</td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>E1</em></td> <td>50</td> <td>None</td> <td>300</td> <td>125</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>E2</em></td> <td>80</td> <td>1 mm Al</td> <td>180</td> <td>125</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>E3</em></td> <td>120</td> <td>0.5 mm Cu</td> <td>120</td> <td>250</td> <td>4</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><em>Data Post-Processing</em></p> <p>Before the scans were made, a dark current image and flat-field image were acquired for each scan setting. During the scans, dark current subtraction and flat-field correction were automatically applied to the X-ray projections by the measurement software.</p> <p><em>Data Contents</em></p> <p>This dataset contains the following files:</p> <ul> <li>The raw projection data (.tif format) for each scan and a metadata file (.txt format) describing the measurement setup, with formatting that is both human-readable and machine-readable.</li> <li>Pre-created 2D sinograms for each energy level. The sinograms have been created from the central plane of the cone beam, which reduces to fan beam geometry. The sinograms are stored in Matlab's .mat file format in data structures which also contain metadata on the measurement.</li> <li>Photographs taken during the measurement process.</li> <li>Example filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstructions of the central plane of the phantom for each energy. The reconstructions were computed using the Phoenix datos|x CT software provided with the microtomography scanner</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Research Group</strong></p> <p>This dataset was produced by the Inverse Problems research group at the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki, Finland (<a href="https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/inverse-problems">https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/inverse-problems</a>) in collaboration with the Computational Physics and Inverse Problems research group at the University of Eastern Finland, Finland (<a href="https://sites.uef.fi/inverse">https://sites.uef.fi/inverse</a>) and the X-ray Laboratory at the Department of Physics at the University of Helsinki, Finland (<a href="https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/x-ray-laboratory">https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/x-ray-laboratory</a>).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Previous Use</strong></p> <p>This dataset has been used in the following publications:</p> <p>Jussi Toivanen, Alexander Meaney, Samuli Siltanen, Ville Kolehmainen. Joint reconstruction in low dose multi-energy CT. <em>Inverse Problems and Imaging</em>, 2020, 14(4): 607-629. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/ipi.2020028" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.3934/ipi.2020028</a>.</p> <p>E. Cueva, A. Meaney, S. Siltanen, M. J. Ehrhardt. Synergistic multi-spectral CT reconstruction with directional total variation. <em>Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci</em>. 2021 Aug 23;379(2204):20200198. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0198">10.1098/rsta.2020.0198</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Additional Links</strong></p> <p>To get started with the data, we recommend looking at the HelTomo toolbox, specifically created for working with CBCT data collected by the Inverse Problems research group, and available at <a href="https://se.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/74417-heltomo-helsinki-tomography-toolbox">https://se.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/74417-heltomo-helsinki-tomography-toolbox</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>We wish to thank laboratory engineer Heikki Suhonen for his guidance and assistance in conducting the measurements.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contact Details</strong></p> <p>For more information or guidance in using these datasets, please contact alexander.meaney [at] helsinki.fi.</p>
Gamma rays from dark matter spikes in EAGLE simulations - IMBH mock catalogue
<p>DArk Matter SPIkes (DAMSPI) is a fully Python-based software for the analysis of dark matter spikes around Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBHs) in the Milky Way. It allows to extract an IMBH catalogue and their corresponding dark matter spike parameters from the EAGLE simulations in order to probe a potential gamma-ray signal from dark matter self-annihilation. </p> <p>The dataset contains the IMBH catalogue including, among others, the coordinates, mass, formation redshift and spike parameters for each individual IMBH. Each column of the catalogue is described in detail in J. Aschersleben et al. (2024). We also provide separate files for which we calculated the gamma-ray fluxes for different dark matter masses and annihilation cross sections. Lastly, we provide a catalogue of our selection of Milky Way like galaxies within EAGLE. The columns of these files are also described in J. Aschersleben et al. (2024).</p> <p>The source code to extract this dataset is publicy available here:</p> <div> <div> <pre><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11488472">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11488472</a></pre> </div> </div> <h2>Description of the data files</h2> <p>The imbh_catalogue/imbh/ directory contains the following files:</p> <ol> <li>catalogue_nfw.h5</li> <li>catalogue_cored_gamma_0p3.h5</li> <li>catalogue_cored_gamma_0p9.h5</li> <li>catalogue_cored_gamma_free.h5</li> </ol> <p>They contain the IMBH catalogues, including the coordinates and dark matter spike parameters, calculated assuming the 1.) NFW profile, 2.) cored profile with a fixed core index of 0.0, 3.) cored profile with a fixed core index of 0.4 and 4.) cored profile with the core index as a free fitting parameter.</p> <p>The imbh_catalogue/flux/<channel>/<energy_threshold>/ directory contains the gamma-ray fluxes of the IMBHs for a given annihilation channel, energy threshold, and dark matter mass. E.g. the imbh_catalogue/flux/b_channel/e_th_0.1GeV/m_dm_10.0GeV.h5 file contains the IMBH fluxes assuming the b-channel, an energy threshold of 0.1 GeV and a dark matter mass of 10 GeV. The IMBH fluxes are calculated for a variety of velocity weighted annihilation cross sections. </p> <p>The imbh_catalogue/galaxy/ directory contains the mw_galaxies_catalogue_nfw.h5 file which contains our selection of Milky Way-like galaxies within EAGLE.</p> <p>The HDF files can be opened in Python with:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd file_path = "<path_to_file>.h5" df = pd.read_hdf(file_path, key="table") # Printing the first few rows of the DataFrame print(df.head())</code><code> </code></pre>
SOLID X-ray CT datasets (SDU)
<p>This record provides 4 individual micro computed tomography datasets as 4 zip-files. Each files contains all raw projection data as 16-bit tif files as well as all obtained metadata files. The data has been acquired using a Bruker SKYSCAN 2214 at the Centre for Industrial Electronics of SDU. The 4 datasets are</p> <ul> <li>01-switch-small: a 360 degree scan of a pushbutton switch (camera binning 4x4)</li> <li>02-switch-large: a 360 degree scan of a pushbutton switch</li> <li>03-coffee: a scan of a coffee bean.</li> <li>04-citroen: a scan of a a citroen</li> </ul> <p>The main purpose of the dataset is to test the Python script developed for using the Core Imaging Library (CIL) with data of this particular instrument.</p> <p>In order to compare the obtained results using CIL to the ones obtained by the proprietary software NRecon (version 1.7.5.0) there are two reconstructed datasets available:</p> <ul> <li>001_Rec_CIL.zip</li> <li>001_Rec_NRecon.zip</li> </ul>
Fig. 3. X in The first record of Cupedidae (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from Eocene Rovno amber: Cupes groehni Kirejtshuk, 2005 examined using X-ray microtomography
Fig. 3. X-ray micro-CT renderings of Cupes groehni Kirejtshuk, 2005, Rovno amber, JDC 8373 [JDC]: A – pronotum and head, dorsal view; B – details of forebody, ventral view. Not to scale.
Fig. 2. X in The first record of Cupedidae (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from Eocene Rovno amber: Cupes groehni Kirejtshuk, 2005 examined using X-ray microtomography
Fig. 2. X-ray micro-CT renderings of Cupes groehni Kirejtshuk, 2005, Rovno amber, JDC 8373 [JDC], habitus: A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – left lateral view; D – right lateral view. Scale bar represents 1.0 mm.
Dataset: Global X Solar ETF (RAYS) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Dataset: Raytech Holding Limited (RAY) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Python scripts and datasets used in the article "Investigating the off-axis GRB afterglow scenario for extragalactic fast X-ray transients"
<p>This package includes datasets and python scripts used in the analysis and creation of figures in the A&A paper "Investigating the off-axis GRB afterglow scenario for extragalactic fast X-ray transients" (Wichern et al. 2024).</p>
Figure 24 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figure 24. The printout for the elemental scan (EDXA) for the miniature apical hook at the apex of the E. baeri proboscis. Note the drop in calcium and phosphorus peaks compared to that of normal hooks (Fig. 23).
Figure 1 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figure 1. Collection site of Echinorhynchus baeri from Salmo trutta in the Kilise Stream, Murat River, Turkey.
Figure 23 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figure 23. The printout of the elemental scan (EDXA) for the common large hooks for E. baeri. Note height of calcium and phosphorus peaks.
Figures 11–16 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figures 11–16. SEM of mature specimens of Echinorhynchus baeri from S. trutta in Turkey. 11. Proboscis of a female specimen. Note variation in hook size; smaller hooks at base 12. Anterior hooks. Note indentation at the base of the hooks (arrow). 13. Double miniature hooks at apical end of proboscis (arrow); occasionally one miniature apical hook present. 14. Higher magnification of an apical hook; note perforations. This hook has a low Ca reading (see EDAX data). 15. A gallium cut normal hook from the mid-proboscis. Note prominent calcified root. 16. A gallium cut miniature apical hook. Note the hollow base and absence of roots.
Figures 3–10 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figures 3–10. Specimens of Echinorhynchus baeri collected from Salmo trutta in Turkey and proboscis hook rows of specimens of E. sevani and E. baeri, respectively, collected from Salmo ischchan in Lake Sevan, Armenia. 3. A male specimen. Note the unique amoeboid, lobulated giant nuclei in the long lemnisci (arrow), the prominent retractor muscles, and the near contiguous ovoid-elongate testes. Proboscis is usually bent ventrad. 4. A gravid female with typically long lemnisci. The reproductive system is obscured by eggs. 5. The female reproductive system. Note the very long and slender uterus and the longitudinal bulge near its distal end (upper arrow). Also note the laterally extending uterine glands at the base of the uterine bell (lower arrow). 6. The proboscis of the male specimens in Fig. 3. Note the uninucleated round cells (arrow). 7. A ripe egg with prominent polar prolongation of the fertilization membrane. 8. A ventral row of proboscis hooks from a male specimen. Note the lack of root manubria anteriorly and the gradual development of manubria with decreasing size of roots posteriorly. 9. Lateral view of hooks of E. sevani after Dinnik (1932) showing variable manubriation in all hook roots ''A = first two hooks. B & C = middle hooks, D & E = last two hooks of the vertical row.'' Measurement bars were not provided. 10. Lateral view of hooks of E. baeri after Kostylew (1928) showing the absence of manubria in all hook roots and the virtual absence of roots of the basal hook; measurement bars were not provided.
Figures 17–22 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figures 17–22. SEM of mature specimens of Echinorhynchus baeri from S. trutta in Turkey. 17. Sensory pore (arrow) at the base of the proboscis. No micropores here. 18. Epidermal micropores at midtrunk. 19. The posterior end of a female specimen showing terminal gonopore. 20. Egg mass from a dissected female specimen. 21. Bursa of a male specimen. 22. The opening of the bursa showing one ring of sensory knobs (arrow).
Figure 2 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figure 2. The drainage system of the historic Inner Anatolian freshwater Lake of the Middle Miocene-Pliocene period based on Demirsoy (2008). The drainage is shown to include the Aras, Murat, and Euphrates rivers. Striped lines mark the present borders and coasts of Turkey.
Rays of the secondary fan of the Hypersimplex(2,7)
<p>This dataset contains four files describing the rays of secondary fan of the hypersimplex(2,7).</p> <ul> <li><em>hypersimplex_2_7_idmap.dat.xz</em> maps IDs to the rays of the secondary fan, such that we may refer to the rays by that ID.</li> <li><em>hypersimplex_2_7_orbit_representatives.dat.xz </em>maps orbit sizes to sets of IDs of rays with that orbit size, but only one ray per orbit</li> <li><em>hypersimplex_2_7_histogram.dat.xz </em>maps spreads to sets of IDs of rays with that spread</li> <li><em>hypersimplex_2_7_orbit_histogram.dat.xz </em>maps orbit sizes to sets of IDs of rays with that orbit size.</li> </ul> <p>The datasets are compressed using xz and can be read using polymake.</p> <p>The datasets were computed from the regular triangulations of the hypersimplex(2,7). Since these triangulations only came up to group action, first the secondary cone was computed for such a triangulation, then the rays were computed and subsequently the orbits of the rays were expanded.</p>
Figure 3 in Description of the male of fossil Calomicrus eocenicus Bukejs et Bezděk (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Eocene Baltic amber using X-ray microtomography
Figure 3. Calomicrus eocenicus Bukejs et Bezděk, RSKM_P3300.139, X-ray micro-CT renderings: (a) elytra, dorsal view, with clipping planes exposing details beneath pronotum and right elytron; (b) pterothorax without legs, ventral view; (c) habitus without legs, caudal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: f – fovea; p – pygidium; v1–v5 – abdominal ventrites 1–5 respectively.
Figure 2 in Description of the male of fossil Calomicrus eocenicus Bukejs et Bezděk (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Eocene Baltic amber using X-ray microtomography
Figure 2. Calomicrus eocenicus Bukejs et Bezděk, RSKM_P3300.139, X-ray micro-CT renderings, habitus: (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) frontal view; (d) left lateral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.