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FIGURE 3 in Checklist of the species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in fishes and turtles in Middle-America, and their delimitation based on sequences of the 28 S rDNA

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree obtained with Bayesian (consensus) and Maximum Likelihood methods. Parenthesis after terminals indicates number of sequences for each species. Numbers above branches represent bootstrap support values ML analysis/posterior probabilities of BY inference.

FIGURE 2 in Checklist of the species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in fishes and turtles in Middle-America, and their delimitation based on sequences of the 28 S rDNA

FIGURE 2. Males of species of Neoechinorhynchus known from Middle-America. a) N. (N.) brentnickoli Monks, Pulido- Flores & Violante-González, 2011. b) N. (N.) chimalapasensis Salgado-Maldonado, Caspeta-Mandujano & Martínez-Ramírez, 2010. c) N. (N.) emyditoides Fisher, 1960. d) N. (N.) golvani Salgado-Maldonado, 1978. e) N. (N.) mamesi Pinacho-Pinacho, Pérez-Ponce de León & García-Varela 2012. f) N. (N.) mexicoensis Pinacho-Pinacho, Sereno-Uribe & García-Varela, 2014. g) N. (N.) panucensis Salgado-Maldonado, 2013. h) N. (N.) roseum Salgado-Maldonado, 1978. i) N. (N.) schmidti Barger, Thatcher & Nickol, 2004. Scale bars = 1.0 mm

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Indian caecilian highlights challenges for species delimitation within Gegeneophis Peters, 1879 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Indotyphlidae)

FIGURE 2. Gegeneophis tejaswini sp. nov. in life, two topotypic specimens found approximately 0.5 m apart. The larger specimen (preserved TL = 196 mm) is adult female paratype BNHS 5421.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Indian caecilian highlights challenges for species delimitation within Gegeneophis Peters, 1879 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Indotyphlidae)

FIGURE 1. Holotype (BNHS 5420) of Gegeneophis tejaswini sp. nov. Whole body shown in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; head, collars and anteriormost two primary annuli shown in dorsal (C), right lateral (D) and ventral (E) views; body terminus shown in dorsal (F), left lateral (G) and ventral (H) views. Scale bar for whole body views 10mm, for anterior and posterior close-up views 5 mm.

FIGURE 5. A–B in Cryptic within cryptic: genetics, morphometrics, and bioacoustics delimitate a new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) from Eastern Cuba

FIGURE 5. A–B) Holotype of Eleutherodactylus cattus (CZACC14.14152) in dorsal and ventral views. C) Male (CZACC14.14153, paratype) calling in the trail to Pico El Gato, Sierra del Cobre, 844m a.s.l.. D) Habitat in the type locality, dominated by montane rainforest, Pico del Gato in the background.

FIGURE 3 in Cryptic within cryptic: genetics, morphometrics, and bioacoustics delimitate a new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) from Eastern Cuba

FIGURE 3. Advertisement call differences between the two phylogroups of Eleutherodactylus glamyrus sensu lato. Oscillograms of a five seconds fragment from a call series of a male from the phylogroup TUR (A), recorded on June 22, 2005 at Pico Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, air temperature = 16.0 °C and that of a male from phylogroup GAT (B), recorded on 14 May, 2010 at Loma El Gato, Santiago de Cuba, air temperature = 19.2 °C. C) and D) spectrogram (top) and oscillogram (bottom) of a single call from an individual of phylogroup TUR and GAT respectively. Spectrogram parameters: FFT size = 512 points, overlap = 90%, window = Hanning.

FIGURE 4 in Cryptic within cryptic: genetics, morphometrics, and bioacoustics delimitate a new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) from Eastern Cuba

FIGURE 4. Call features showing statistically significant differences between the two phylogroups (TUR, N=63) and (GAT, N=11). Box plots and original data points are shown for each acoustic feature abbreviated as: call duration (CD), call rise time (RT), dominant frequency (DF), and frequency modulation (FM).

FIGURE 2 in Cryptic within cryptic: genetics, morphometrics, and bioacoustics delimitate a new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) from Eastern Cuba

FIGURE 2. Morphometric characters measured and descriptive multivariate ordination of data. A) Measuring landmarks, variable names and abbreviations used. For visual simplicity, only the measurements of a finger/toe length and a finger/toe pad width are displayed. B) Scores of the first two principal components derived from the non-transformed morphometric data (31 variables, 82 specimens) from the five localities (color key as in figure 1) corresponding to phylogroups TUR (triangles) and GAT (circles). Gray arrows represent variable loadings for both axes (overlapping names were excluded, see Appendix V for a full numerical description of components); the inset shows the variance explained by the first five PCs, highlighting in black those displayed in the plot.

FIGURE 1 in Cryptic within cryptic: genetics, morphometrics, and bioacoustics delimitate a new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) from Eastern Cuba

FIGURE 1. Genetic diversity in Eleutherodactylus glamyrus sensu lato. A) Topographic map of Eastern Cuba indicating the sampled localities (CUB: Pico Cuba, Sierra Maestra, Municipio Guamá, Santiago de Cuba; AJO: Aguada del Joaquín, Sierra Maestra, Municipio Bartolomé Masó, Granma; BNV: Barrio Nuevo, Municipio Buey Arriba, Granma; NVE: La Nueve, Sierra Maestra, Municipio Buey Arriba, Granma; and GAT: trail to Pico El Gato, Sierra del Cobre, Municipio Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba). The dashed lines encircle the two phylogroups detected in molecular analyses. B) Bayesian phylogenetic tree of aligned mitochondrial sequences of 16S and cob genes (1158bp) highlighting the two phylogroups identified (TUR and GAT), black dots indicate nodes supported by posterior probabilities> 0.9. C) Haplotype network of aligned 579 bp DNA sequences of the nuclear Rag-1 gene from 36 individuals with colors indicating sampling localities and mtDNA phylogroups indicated by polygons.

FIGURE 5 in Applying n-dimensional hypervolumes for species delimitation: unexpected molecular, morphological, and ecological diversity in the Leaf-Toed Gecko Phyllodactylus reissii Peters, 1862 (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) from northern Peru

FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral views of the holotype of Phyllodactylus pachamama sp. nov. (ZFMK 90886). Scale bars represent 5 mm.

FIGURE 3. N in Applying n-dimensional hypervolumes for species delimitation: unexpected molecular, morphological, and ecological diversity in the Leaf-Toed Gecko Phyllodactylus reissii Peters, 1862 (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) from northern Peru

FIGURE 3. N-dimensional hypervolumes of morphological data show the position of the delimited species in the Phyllodactylus reissii group in multidimensional morphological space. Circles mark PCA-derived observations.

FIGURE 2 in Applying n-dimensional hypervolumes for species delimitation: unexpected molecular, morphological, and ecological diversity in the Leaf-Toed Gecko Phyllodactylus reissii Peters, 1862 (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) from northern Peru

FIGURE 2. Bayesian consensus tree of Ecuadorian and Peruvian Phyllodactylus based on 835 bp of mitochondrial DNA (12S and 16S rRNA). Node support in terms of Bayesian posterior probabilities is indicated by circles at nodes (nodes with a BPP ≥ 0.90 are white, BPP ≥ 0.95 are grey, BPP> 0.99 are black, values <0.90 are not marked). Outgroup (Phyllopezus maranjonensis) not shown for clarity. Results of the species delimitations in the P. reissii group are illustrated by vertical bars. Each bar represents a species detected by the respective approach. Coloration of the bars is according to the species resulting from the consensus of all species delimitation hypotheses.

FIGURE 1 in Applying n-dimensional hypervolumes for species delimitation: unexpected molecular, morphological, and ecological diversity in the Leaf-Toed Gecko Phyllodactylus reissii Peters, 1862 (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) from northern Peru

FIGURE 1. Geographical distribution of the different clades of Phyllodactylus reissii and related species. Colors refer to delimited species (see Fig. 2). Insets show clades endemic to the inter-Andean valley of the upper Marañón River. Circles mark occurrence records used for climatic niche distribution modeling. Localities with a thick margin were also genetically sampled.

FIGURE 6 in Applying n-dimensional hypervolumes for species delimitation: unexpected molecular, morphological, and ecological diversity in the Leaf-Toed Gecko Phyllodactylus reissii Peters, 1862 (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) from northern Peru

FIGURE 6. Phyllodactylus pachamama sp. nov. from the type locality (Balsas, Amazonas, Peru) in life.

FIGURE 4. N in Applying n-dimensional hypervolumes for species delimitation: unexpected molecular, morphological, and ecological diversity in the Leaf-Toed Gecko Phyllodactylus reissii Peters, 1862 (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) from northern Peru

FIGURE 4. N-dimensional hypervolumes representing the climatic niches of the delimited species in the Phyllodactylus reissii group. Circles mark centroids and outlines are the 90% confidence interval of the hypervolumes (note that these only approximate the actual hypervolumes and are only used for a more clear illustration).

FIGURE 5 in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, a new species of crayfish from northeastern Kentucky delimited from the Cambarus (J.) aff. dubius species complex

FIGURE 5. Bayesian phylogenetic tree depicting relationships among Cambarus (J.) adustus and other closely related species from the subgenus Jugicambarus, along with selected outgroup taxa. This tree was generated in MrBayes by treating all data as a single partition using the HKY+I+G model of sequence evolution. Numbers at nodes indicate both posterior probabilities (regular font) from MrBayes and bootstrap values (in bold), with the latter generated by RAxML using the GTR+G model and 1000 pseudoreplicate datasets. Letters indicate supported clades that are discussed in the main text. Three nodes without bootstrap values indicate nodes that were not found in the ML tree.

FIGURE 4 in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, a new species of crayfish from northeastern Kentucky delimited from the Cambarus (J.) aff. dubius species complex

FIGURE 4. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, new species, from the type locality showing natural coloration.

FIGURE 2 in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, a new species of crayfish from northeastern Kentucky delimited from the Cambarus (J.) aff. dubius species complex

FIGURE 2. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, new species; all from holotype male, form I (USNM 1407169), except F and G from morphotype male, form II (USNM 1407171), and I from allotype female (USNM 1407170): A, lateral aspect of carapace; B and C, lateral and mesial aspect, respectively, of male I gonopod (first pleopod); D, epistome; E, ventral aspect of right third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods; F and G, lateral and mesial aspect, respectively, of male II gonopod; H, dorsal aspect of antennal scale; I, ventral aspect of annulus ventralis; J, dorsal aspect of carapace; K, dorsal aspect of distal podomeres of right cheliped; CK, caudal knob.

FIGURE 1 in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, a new species of crayfish from northeastern Kentucky delimited from the Cambarus (J.) aff. dubius species complex

FIGURE 1. Map showing the known distribution of Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus in Lewis County, Kentucky. The red star indicates the location of the type locality and red circles indicate localities where the species was found. Numbers at sites indicate the locality as listed in the "Specimens Examined" section. Dark gray circles indicate sites where the species was not found. Gray polygon denotes the species known extent of occurrence. Light yellow areas indicate the three focal drainage basins discussed in the main text. Map generated using Google MyMaps.

Fig. 11 in Leveraging female genitalic characters for generic and species delimitation in Nilomantis Werner, 1907 and Ilomantis Giglio-Tos, 1915 (Mantodea, Nilomantinae)

Fig. 11. Illustrations of dorsal perspective of the Ilomantis pronotum (scale bar = 1 mm). (A) Ilomantis thalassina, female; (B) Ilomantis thalassina, male; (C) Ilomantis ginsburgae sp.n., female; (D) Ilomantis ginsburgae sp.n., male. Ilomantis thalassina exhibits a medial keel that fully traverses the pronotum (A and B); Ilomantis ginsburgae sp.n. exhibits a medial keel that originates in the mid-prozone and concludes at the posterior pronotal margin (C and D). MK, medial keel.