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1,491 results for “sperm”
Figure 3 in Evolution of sperm morphology in potamid freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea)
Figure 3. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of potamid spermatozoa. A, B, Parathelphusula panningi. A, longitudinal sagittal view. B, cross section. C–F, Himalayapotamon emphysetum. C, longitudinal sagittal view; the arrowhead indicates the perforate operculum. D, 'tongue-and-groove' connection between the operculum and the acrosomal zones beneath. E, overview of cleistospermic spermatophores. F, cross section. Scale bars: 1 Mm, or as indicated. Abbreviations: arrowhead, vestigial 'tongue & groove connection'; ar, acrosome ray zone; ia, inner acrosomal zone; nu, nucleus; oa, outer acrosomal zone; op, operculum; pc, perforatorial chamber; tg, 'tongue-and-groove' connection; sw, spermatophore wall.
Figure 2 in Evolution of sperm morphology in potamid freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea)
Figure 2. Maximum clade credibility tree based on Bayesian inference (BEAST 1.4.8) of a 16S rRNA fragment (523 bp) including potamid species with known sperm ultrastructure and Gecarcinucidae as the out-group. The nomenclature of subclades is as suggested by Shih et al. (2009). European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) accession numbers of sequences obtained in this study are shown in bold.
Figure 1 in Evolution of sperm morphology in potamid freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea)
Figure 1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of potamid spermatozoa. A–E, Socotrapotamon socotrense. A, longitudinal sagittal view; the white line points to the perforate operculum. B, coenospermic spermatophore. C, cross section. D, electron-lucent ring around the opening of the perforatorial chamber. E, spermatophore wall. F–J, Potamon fluviatile. F, spermatophore wall. G, coenospermic spermatophore. H, longitudinal sagittal section (slightly transverse) and cleistospermic spermatophore. J, cross section. Scale bars: 1 Mm, or as indicated. Abbreviations: ar, acrosome ray zone; ia, inner acrosomal zone; nu, nucleus; oa, outer acrosomal zone; op, operculum; pc, perforatorial chamber; sw, spermatophore wall.
Figure 1 in Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny
Figure 1. Measures taken from sperm packages of scorpions (Bothriuridae). A, schematic drawings of a general complete sperm package showing body measures used in quantitative analysis. B, schematic drawing of a head of a sperm package indicating general measures from both quantitative and qualitative analysis. C, phylogenetic organization of shapes of sperm packages found in analysed species from the Bothriuridae family (based on Mattoni, 2003; Mattoni & Prendini, 2007). On the right side the general geometric form is represented.
Figure 8 in Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny
Figure 8. Optimization of variables of the sperm packages from Bothriuridae scorpions into a phylogenetic (partial) hypothesis for the family. Values under each terminal branch correspond to the values observed in the species, divided by 10. Values under the internal branches are optimal values for hypothetical ancestors. A, optimization of total length (in Mm/10) of sperm packages; lengths of the bars next to the measures are proportional to the values. B, optimization of head–body angle (in degrees/10). Arrows show changes or peculiarities of species or phylogenetic branches (see text).
Figure 4 in Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny
Figure 4. Sperm packages from different families of the order Scorpiones. A, Chactas aequinoctialis (Chactidae); B, Megacormus gertschi (Euscorpiidae); C, Euscorpius flavicaudis (Euscorpiidae); D, Caraboctonus keyserlingi (Iuridae); E, Liocheles sp. (Liochelidae); F, Pandinus imperator (Scorpionidae); G, Vaejovis varigatus (Vaejovidae); H, Zabius fuscus (Buthidae); I, Chaerilus variegatus (Chaerilidae).
Figure 7 in Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny
Figure 7. Cluster analysis of the sperm package variables in Bothriuridae scorpions. Dendrogram created using group average linkage with the Euclidean distance method.
Figure 6 in Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny
Figure 6. Summary of measures from sperm packages in scorpion species of the Bothriuridae family. A, total length; B, head width; C, head–body angle; D, area; E, head length. All of the data obtained are outlined in the box plots with the respective means, standard deviations, the points within which 75% of the data are grouped, and the end values. The x-axis shows all of the species studied. Abbreviations: B., Bothriurus; Br., Brachistosternus; Cm., Centromachetes; Cp., Cercophonius; L., Lisposoma; O., Orobothriurus; T., Timogenes; Th., Thestylus; Tk., Tehuankea; U., Urophonius; V., Vachonia. Species are shown in alphabetical order along the x-axis.
Figure 3 in Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny
Figure 3. Sperm package of Timogenes elegans. Light microscope photograph showing the approximate sections of the transmission electronic micrographs. A, head and tail; B, middle pieces and limit between middle pieces and tails; C, bending point. Abbreviations: mp, middle pieces; mp1, first portion of middle pieces; mp2, final part of middle pieces; n, nuclei; t, tails.
Figure 5. Sperm package differences inside a male. A in Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny
Figure 5. Sperm package differences inside a male. A, Brachistosternus ferrugineus; B, Bothriurus araguayae; C, Urophonius tregualemuensis; D, Caraboctonus keyserlingi (Iuridae); E, Timogenes elegans: a, folded packages; b, straight packages; c, round packages.
Figure 2 in Sperm package morphology in scorpions and its relation to phylogeny
Figure 2. Sperm packages of different species of the family Bothriuridae. A, Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) angustimanus; B, Brachistosternus (Ministernus) ferrugineus; C, Brachistosternus (Leptosternus) pentheri; D, Centromachetes pococki; E, Centromachetes obscurus; F, Urophonius brachycentrus; G, Urophonius tregualemuensis; H, Bothriurus (Andibothriurus) rochensis; I, Bothriurus (Andibothriurus) burmeisteri; J, Bothriurus (Bothriurus) inermis; K, Bothriurus (Bothriurus) bocki; L, Bothriurus (Bothriurus) bonariensis; M, Bothriurus (Bothriurus) araguayae; N, Timogenes elegans; O, Tehuankea moyanoi; P, Cercophonius squama; Q, Thestylus aurantiurus; R, Orobothriurus sp.
Data for sperm numbers as a paternity guard in a wild bird
Sperm competition is thought to impose strong selection on males to produce competitive ejaculates to outcompete rival males under competitive mating conditions. Our understanding of how different sperm traits influence fertilization success, however, remains limited, especially in wild populations. Recent literature highlights the importance of incorporating multiple ejaculate traits and pre-copulatory sexually selected traits in analyses aimed at understanding how selection acts on sperm traits. However, variation in a male's ability to gain fertilization success may also depend upon a range of social and ecological factors that determine the opportunity for mating events both within and outside of the social pair-bond. Here, we test for an effect of sperm quantity and sperm size on male reproductive success in the red-back fairy-wren (Malurus melanocephalus) while simultaneously accounting for pre-copulatory sexual selection and potential socio-ecological correlates of male mating success. We found that sperm number (i.e., cloacal protuberance volume), but not sperm morphology, was associated with reproductive success in male red-backed fairy-wrens. Most notably, males with large numbers of sperm available for copulation achieved greater within-pair paternity success. Our results suggest that males use large sperm numbers as a defensive strategy to guard within-pair paternity success in a system where there is a high risk of sperm competition and female control of copulation. Finally, our work highlights the importance of accounting for socio-ecological factors that may influence male mating opportunities when examining the role of sperm traits in determining male reproductive success.
Data from: Ocean acidification alters sperm responses to egg-derived chemicals in a broadcast spawning mussel
<p>The continued and unprecedented emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) are causing progressive ocean acidification (OA). While deleterious effects of OA on biological systems are well documented in the growth of calcifying organisms, lesser studied impacts of OA include potential effects on gamete interactions that determine fertilisation, which are likely to influence the many marine species that spawn gametes externally. Here, we explore the effects of OA on the signalling mechanisms that enable sperm to track egg-derived chemicals (sperm chemotaxis). We focus on the mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>, where sperm chemotaxis enables eggs to selectively bias fertilisation in favour of genetically compatible males. Using a factorial experimental design, we test whether the experimental manipulation of seawater pH (comparing ambient conditions to predicted end-of-century scenarios) alters these patterns of differential sperm chemotaxis. While we find no evidence that patterns of male-female gametic compatibility are impacted by OA, we do find that individual males exhibit consistent variation in how their sperm perform in lowered pH levels. This finding of individual variability in the capacity of ejaculates to respond to chemoattractants under acidified conditions suggests that climate change will exert considerable pressure on male genotypes that can withstand an increasingly hostile fertilisation environment.</p>
Changes in sea ice and range expansion of sperm whales in the eclipse sound region of Baffin Bay, Canada
<p>Sperm whales (<em>Physeter macrocephalus</em>) are a cosmopolitan species but are only found in ice-free regions of the ocean. It is unknown how their distribution might change in regions undergoing rapid loss of sea ice and ocean warming like Baffin Bay in the eastern Canadian Arctic. In 2014 and 2018, sperm whales were sighted near Eclipse Sound, Baffin Bay: the first recorded uses of this region by sperm whales. In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of sperm whales near Eclipse Sound using visual and acoustic data. We combine several published open-source, data sets to create a map of historical sperm whale presence in the region. We use passive acoustic data from two recording sites between 2015 and 2019 to investigate more recent presence in the region. We also analyze regional trends in sea ice concentration dating back to 1901 and relate acoustic presence of sperm whales to the mean sea ice concentration near the recording sites. We found no records of sperm whale sightings near Eclipse Sound outside of the 2014/2018 observations. Our acoustic data told a different story, with sperm whales recorded yearly from 2015-2019 with presence in the late summer and fall months. Sperm whale acoustic presence increased over the 5-year study duration and was closely related to the minimum sea ice concentration each year. Sperm whales, like other cetaceans, are ecosystem sentinels, or indicators of ecosystem change. Increasing number of days with sperm whale presence in the Eclipse Sound region could indicate range expansion of sperm whales as a result of changes in sea ice. Monitoring climate change-induced range expansion in this region is important to understand how increasing presence of a top-predator might impact the Arctic food web.</p>
Chronic nicotine exposure alters sperm small RNA content in a C57BL/6J mouse model: Implications for epigenetic inheritance
<p>Raw small RNA sequencing data files to accompany manuscript</p>
FIGURE 14 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins
FIGURE 14. Habitat of Dipolydora vietnamita sp. nov. (in life). A–C, worm burrows in a shell of the date mussel Lithophaga sp. which, in turn, have perforated the shell of an oyster. Arrow showing pygidium of a worm inside burrow. Scale bar: A–C = 1 mm.
FIGURE 12 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins
FIGURE 12. Dipolydora vietnamita sp. nov. morphometric relationships. A, caruncle length and anterior position of gizzardlike structure versus total number of chaetigers. B, last branchiate chaetiger versus total number of chaetigers. Correlation coefficients (r) and their significance are reported in Table 1.
FIGURE 11 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins
FIGURE 11. Morphology of Dipolydora vietnamita sp. nov. (formalin-fixed paratypes stained with methylene green). A, anterior end, dorsal view, showing unusual pattern of MG staning on anterior chaetigers. B, chaetigers 3–12, ventral view, showing transverse bands of MG staining on chaetigers 6–11. C, middle chaetigers, dorsal view. D, E, posterior end in left lateral (D) and rear (E) view. F, general dorsal view, showing common absence of MG staining on dorsal side of anterior chaetigers. G, anterior fragment, left lateral view, showing MG staining on peristomium, ventral side of chaetigers 6–11, and of glandular pouches in lateral side from chaetiger 12 onwards. H, chaetiger 5, right side in ventral view. Abbreviations: ch5, ch11 = chaetigers 5, 11; co = bilimbate companion chaetae; fa = heavy falcate spines; su = dorsal superior capillaries; ve = ventral capillaries. Scale bars: A–E = 100 µm; F, G = 200 µm, H = 20 µm. A, B, E, G, H—MIMB 42724; C, F—MIMB 42728; D—MIMB 42723.
FIGURE 10 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins
FIGURE 10. Morphology of Dipolydora spinosa sp. nov. (formalin-fixed paratypes stained with methylene green). A, middle part of body from chaetiger 14 onwards, dorsal view, showing beginning of dorsal staining from chaetiger 15. B, middle chaetigers, dorsal view. C, anterior end, ventral view, showing stained transverse bands on chaetigers 7–13. D, anterior end, dorsal view (head in frontal view), showing MG staining of foregut. E, middle female chaetigers, dorsal view, showing dorsal terminal parts of nephridia. Abbreviations: ch5, ch15 = chaetigers 5, 15; ne = nephridium. Scale bars: A–E = 100 µm. A, C, E—MIMB 42714; B, D—MIMB 42719.
FIGURE 7 in Three new species of shell-boring Dipolydora (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydorini) from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, Vietnam, with comments on the modified spines in posterior notopodia and sperm morphology in polydorins
FIGURE 7. Morphology of Dipolydora spinosa sp. nov. A–D, anterior ends: A, left lateral view; B, D, ventral view; C, dorsal view. E–G, posterior ends: E, left lateral view; F, dorsal view; G, dorso-lateral view. H, notopodia of posterior chaetigers with capillary chaetae and awl-like spines. Abbreviation: an = occipital antenna, ch5 = chaetiger 5. Scale bars: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 200 µm; H = 50 µm. A–F—holotype MIMB 42721, in life; G, H—paratype MIMB 42720, in life.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.